化工含盐废液循环流化床焚烧炉的研究与开发

本文在介绍有机废液焚烧处理的现状及其主要焚烧设备的基础上，采用循环流化床焚烧技术处理沧州大化废液红水，成功地达到以废治废、变废为宝的目的．     

高浓度含盐有机废液焚烧技术

介绍了有机废液焚烧处理的国内外现状、焚烧工艺及焚烧设备,比较了各自的处理效果及优缺点,针对有机废液中的碱金属和碱土金属盐在焚烧过程中容易形成低熔点的共晶体,造成焚烧炉的结焦、结渣、流化失败等危害,着重分析了含盐有机废液的焚烧处理技术,最后提出了采用蒸发结晶技术对有机废液进行脱盐处理的可行性。     

有机废液流化床焚烧炉热力计算及辅助燃料耗量的影响因素

建立了以煤为辅助燃料的,有机废液在流化床中焚烧的热平衡方程,求得辅助燃料耗量与各影响因素的计算式,得出辅助燃料耗量与废液中可以燃基的低位发热值、密相区燃料温度、热风温度之间的关系曲线,以及不同需要辅助燃料时,有机废液热值与热风温度之间的关系,为流化床焚烧炉的设计与运行提供了理论依据。     

流化床中焚烧有机废液的热力特性分析

建立了以煤为辅助燃料,有机废液在流化床中焚烧密相区及稀相区的热平衡方程,在此基础上计算获得废液在密相区的焚烧量占总处理量的份额,密相区焚烧温度,炉膛膛出口温度的影响关系曲线。计算结果表明：废液在密相区焚烧量占总焚烧量的70%时,可使密相区温度与炉膛出口温度基本一致的;密相区温度宜控制在850℃～900℃,可节省辅助燃料;炉膛出口空气过剩系数宜控制在1.7以内,同时尽可能提高预热空气温度。此结果为流化床焚烧炉的设计与运行提供理论依据。     

化工有机废液流化床焚烧处理的结焦结渣问题研究

化工有机废液流化床焚烧过程中,碱金属盐类在炉膛受热面沉积,造成炉膛的结焦结渣:熔融的碱金属盐类沿炉壁流到床层,在床温条件下形成低熔点共晶体,引起床料的粘结、破坏流化,最终导致床层严重结焦结渣。论述了有机废液流化床焚烧炉结焦结渣的形成机理、影响因索及其抑制措施。     

流化床焚烧技术在处理实验室有机废液中的应用

实验室有机废液具有量少、浓度高、成分复杂，舍有大量有毒有害物质的特点，目前主要从下水道排入水体，对生态环境和人体健康构成威胁。文中提出采用流化床燃烧技术对实验室有机废液进行无害化处理。研制成功了小型流化床焚烧炉与尾气净化一体化装置。焚烧温度可控制在800℃～950℃任一温度下，采用炉内脱氮与尾气洗涤净化相结合，以尿素为脱硝剂，在NH2／NOx）(摩力比等于2．5时．可脱去60％的氮氧化物；以NaOH水溶液为洗涤液，pH=11．85时，SO2，HCl吸收率分别可达到87％利97％。从而使尾气中NOx，SO2，HCl，CO有害气体低于国家环保标准，燃烧效率大于99．9％。     

高含盐有机废水流化床焚烧过程碱金属盐的迁移规律研究

开发了一种高含盐有机废水流化床低温焚烧处理工艺,可实现废水焚烧系统安全连续稳定运行。通过含盐废水入炉与盐排出的平衡,以及对碱金属盐的析出和分布规律以及赋存形态的研究,得到了碱金属盐在流化床焚烧炉的迁移规律,应用流化床低温焚烧处理工艺,可解决传统高含盐废水焚烧盐熔融的问题。     

我国成功掌握低放有机废液热解焚烧技术

<正>1月13日,中核四川环保工程有限责任公司传来捷报,我国首个低放有机废液热解生产线在多轮冷热试车后,圆满完成312 h投料热试车运行,验证了工艺系统的可靠性和安全性,这意味着中核集团成功掌握了低放有机废液热解焚烧技术。该工程是我国首个采用以热解焚烧技术处理放射性TBP/煤油有机溶液的三废治理工程。该工程投运后,建立了我国低放有机废液处理能力。     

有换热的流化床废液焚烧炉燃烧室热力计算

建立了流化床废液焚烧内炉内布置受热面时燃烧室的热力计算方法,通过求解密相区,稀相区热平衡方程,求得密相区和稀相区出口的焚烧温度,以及辅助燃烧耗量和焚烧炉效率的计算公式,为设计流化床液焚烧炉奠定了理论基础。     

混煤农药废液流化床焚烧的排放特性研究

报道了采用流化床焚烧高浓度混煤农药废液时,床温对不同混煤比例农药废液燃烧效率、CO排放水平的影响,并研究了N2O生成与NO、CO的关联性.试验研究表明,不同混煤比例的农药废液焚烧效果各不相同;N2O的生成与NO、CO存在一定的关联性.     

Unerroric of control of mutual compliance of the efficiency of hydrogen engines of unmanned vehicles in the conditions of mass production

The issues related to the reliability of hydrogen engines of unmanned vehicles and increasing the efficiency of using hydrogen as fuel when using the method of its production during the decomposition of hydrogen-containing molecules of liquid-phase organic compounds in a plasma discharge under the action of intense ultrasonic exposure are considered. Experiments have shown that as a result of decomposition in the acoustoplasma discharge of liquid hydrocarbons, solid-phase carbon-containing products are formed, chemical transformations occur in the liquid phase and hydrogen-containing combustible gas is formed. Hydrogen-containing gas can be used as fuel immediately after synthesis, i.e. it does not require separation, since in addition to hydrogen it contains only impurities of CO₂ and water vapor. The purpose of the study is to formalize the basic conditions for tightening the control of mutual compliance with the efficiency of hydrogen engines of the same series in the conditions of their mass production. Methods of mathematical statistics and hardware-software modeling were used in the study. The term “unerroric of quality mutual compliance control” is introduced to describe a set of hardware and software tools for such control. The principle of in-depth testing of the technical condition of such engines of one series is described in a multidimensional formulation of the quality control problem for three of their operating parameters at once. The conditions for increasing the mutual correspondence of the measured values of such parameters in the conditions of serial production of hydrogen engines are formalized.     

小型锅炉烟尘测试时锅炉出力的计算

锅炉烟尘测试时,必须对锅炉出力进行测试。但监测中,许多小型锅炉往往不具备相关的计量装置和仪表,为解决这一问题,文章提出了用烟气量和空气过剩系数来计算锅炉的出力的公式,在实际使用中,该方法简单易行,其结果和实测值具有很好的一致怀。     

中国煤炭地下气化技术的发展

本文综述了煤炭地下汽化技术的国内外发展现状,对我国“长通道、大断面”煤炭地下气化新工艺给予了技术经济评述,并提出了发展煤炭地下汽化技术的政策建议。     

Review of theory of distortion and disintegration of liquid streams

Linear and nonlinear analyses of the instabilities and distortion of liquid streams injected into a gaseous media are discussed. The various fundamental mechanisms and the predictive capabilities for the distortions are emphasized. Round jets, planar sheets, annular sheets, and conical sheets are discussed in detail. The balance between capillary and inertial forces is primarily examined. The method for simplifying the analyses in the case of thin liquid sheets is discussed. The capabilities for representing the droplet size distribution that follows the stream disintegration are outlined.     

MgO膨胀剂细度对MgO水化和水泥浆体膨胀的影响

基于《水工混凝土掺用氧化镁技术规范》中的Ⅰ型氧化镁（MgO）,研究了该型MgO膨胀剂（MEA）细度对掺粉煤灰水泥浆体膨胀性能的影响。即采用X射线衍射分析(XRD)及同步热分析（TG DSC）分析了掺MEA水泥浆体中MgO的水化性。结果表明,养护温度相同时,MEA的细度对水泥浆体内MEA中MgO的水化和水泥浆体的膨胀无显著影响,产生的膨胀均能补偿水泥浆体的收缩;MEA的细度可从试验设计采用的45 μm筛筛余15%左右增加到30%左右,这将有利于MEA生产企业的节能降耗。     

机车车轮多轴疲劳强度安全评定的研究

使用ANSYS8.0软件对高速列车车轮进行了三维有限元分析,计算出车轮在直线、曲线和道岔条件下牵引、制动共6种工况时孔边薄弱部位的应力,分别通过Mises等效平均应力方法、Sines平均主应力方法和应力分量中考虑平均应力方法计算出应力在极值位置时的等效应力幅、等效平均应力,从而进一步算出车轮的安全系数,对其疲劳强度进行评定,并对3种方法进行了比较研究。     

Constructal optimization of the geometry of an array of micro-channels

This paper documents the geometric optimization of an array of circular and non-circular ducts. The optimization was carried out numerically using finite volume method. As optimal dimensions were independent of the array configuration, the numerical simulation was performed on a unit cell. Numerical optimization for circular, square and isosceles right triangle cross-sections of channels was performed. Based on the results of this investigation, some correlations were proposed to predict the optimal hydraulic diameter and dimensionless heat transfer per unit volume. In addition to examining the effect of pressure drop on these parameters, it was showed that among the different geometries of this study, square cross-section has the most efficiency for a given volume. The numerical results of the present study were compared with approximate results reported in the literature which a good agreement was observed.     

Heat of vaporization of mixtures

General expressions for the heat of vaporization of mixtures at constant pressure; at constant temperature; and at constant pressure, temperature, and composition are proposed. The last one is related to the liquid-vapor interface where steady vaporization or condensation is taking place. Numerical examples by the proposed expressions are shown for binary mixtures of HCFC22(R22) and (HCFC123(R123) © 1997 Scripta Technica, Inc. Heat Trans Jpn Res, 25(1): 12–24, 1996     

固体热辐射Yong性能分析

本文对漫灰均温物体在常物性条件下对外辐射传热的Ｙｏｎｇ值计算建立了数学模型。通过与物体内能Ｙｏｎｇ公式的数值计算比较,得出了辐射能量的Ｙｏｎｇ值不大于内能Ｙｏｎｇ值的结论。从初步的热射Ｙｏｎｇ值计算公式发现。Ｙｏｎｇ与物体表面辐射率有关。     

Measurements of concentration distribution of hydrogen jet using deflection of center of the laser spot

The main purpose of this work is to propose a new method to evaluate the concentration distribution of the hydrogen jet by using a He–Ne laser through the jet. This research attempts to apply the expression of concentration Gaussian distribution, the refraction formula of inhomogeneous refractive index medium, and the concentration inversion function to disclose the displacement of the center of the laser spot at different heights in the gas jet. The spot images of the laser beam passing through the gas jet at three vertical heights z = 10d, 20d, 30d, and different radial positions are obtained. The radial spatial asymmetry of the gas jet is also found in the experiment. Finally, the calculated concentration distribution curve and the fluent simulation curve, it is found that the two results are very similar. Our findings show that the error between the concentration distribution of this method and the simulated concentration distribution reaches 2.43%.