新疆地区供热计量装置现状及关注的问题

推进供热计量改革．降低采暖供热能耗．是落实国家建设领域节能减排任务的主要措施之一。2010年．笔者参加了由新疆建设厅组织的“关于新疆地区供热计量收费改革及热计量装置运行管理情况检查”工作小组．通过这次机会．笔者实地对新疆地区的供热计量收费改革及热计量装置运行管理情况进行了认真、全面的调查和总结。     

电厂供热节能改造方案探讨

阐述分析了低真空供热方案、吸收式热泵供热方案、NCB供热方案三种供热方案的特点和应用情况。同时,以某燃机电厂供热机组节能改造项目为例,进行了低真空供热方案与吸收式热泵供热方案改造后的运行经济性比较,为同类项目的决策与开展提供参考。     

浅谈集中供热节能降耗的措施

目前我国供热企业运行效率偏低、能耗过大、供热成奉偏高的问题和矛盾始终未能得到有效解决，其中理论数据和供热系统不匹配、热力设计和供热运行相互脱节，缺乏一套符合当地实际情况和供热企业现状的具体节能降耗途经和措施等则是问题的关键。     

天津港供热规划热源选择及投资估算

本文首先介绍了天津港供热设施的现状及存在的问题,指出实行集中区域供热是解决目前供热效率低、运行管理水平差、环境污染严重的有效途径,也是与港口建设总体远景规划相协调的发展方向.其次,对港口近中远期规划的工程投资及环境效益进行了估算.     

供热空调系统效率计算方法

为了明确供热空调系统的能质利用情况,基于单耗分析理论和方法对供热空调系统的分析进行了进一步的研究和探讨。讨论了几种典型供热空调系统形式(锅炉供热、电热供热、热泵空调、吸收式冷热水机组)的效率计算方法,并总结出效率通式。为表征系统整个运行期的平均效率,提出了两种使供热空调系统的分析方法更为全面的方法(供热/冷量加权温度法和燃料加权法),并结合示例全面分析了基于热力学第一定律的一次能源利用率和基于热力学第二定律的效率,从而更为全面地了解各系统在全工况下的能源(质)利用情况。     

风冷热泵组合运行除霜模式研究

针对某些高湿地区冬季风冷热泵结霜严重的问题,提出了一种新的热泵除霜运行模式-组合运行除霜模式,并对在该模式下热泵机组的稳定运行性能和节能特点进行了分析;计算分析表明:采用组合运行除霜模式可以提高热泵运行的经济性、低温环境下热泵机组供热的稳定性和供热舒适度.     

邢台地区低温空气源热泵系统适用性研究

介绍了低温空气源热泵系统的原理和适用情况,对低温空气源热泵系统在不同运行控制策略下的经济性和供热特性进行了分析,结果显示在满足采暖需求的条件下,不同运行控制策略对系统的运行费用有明显影响,得出了不同运行时长、不同入住率时系统经济效益平衡点;分析并对比了6种典型供热方式的节能性,结果表明在相同的供热条件下,低温空气源热泵系统在节能方面具有明显优势,其单位供热面积年标准煤消耗量为9.15kgce/(m~2·a),是传统燃煤锅炉能源消耗量的55%～66%,一次能源利用率略低于燃煤热电联产,证实采用低温空气源热泵系统在邢台地区冬季供暖可行。     

供热系统技术问题的分析及处理

根据多年供热运行实践,以及对多家供热企业技术现状的调查研究,较系统地总结供热企业常见技术问题,并提出一些简单可行的处理方法,可使供热系统得到全面优化,最大限度地节约能耗.     

热能表在使用中遇到的问题和建议

正为了解热能表的实际运行情况和存在的问题,从技术角度提出热能表在使用过程中应注意的问题和建议,多年来每年在取暖季结束后,我们都组织召集供热主管部门、热力公司、热能表用户、物业公司等与热能表使用有关人员座谈,并深入供热企业和供热居民小区,了解在用热能表的实际使用情况。在取暖季     

供热调节技术分析

热水采暖系统主要由热水锅炉、热水循环泵、补水泵、管网及室内散热器组成。要满足采暖指标,达到采暖用户室内设计温度,除应对锅炉运行参数。燃烧工况进行控制和调整外,还应根据采暖季节。采暖时间等变化情况,对整个供热系统进行热力调节。着重对供热系统的经济运行进行阐述,分析了如何进行供热系统的调节以达到供热的最佳效果和节能降耗的双重目的。     

地热驱动吸收式制冷技术在广东地热开发中的应用探讨

本文从分析广东省地热资源状况出发 ,介绍地热驱动吸收式制冷技术的应用意义 ,探讨其在广东乃至整个南方地热开发中的应用前景和经济效益     

Strategic analysis of China’s geothermal energy industry

China is an early user of geothermal energy, and its direct use ranks first in the world. Recent national strategies and policies have enabled China’s geothermal energy industry to enter a new era with important development opportunities. This paper investigates the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats (SWOT) to China’s geothermal energy industry from political, economic, social, and technological (PEST) perspectives. SWOT–PEST analysis indicates that the resources, market, and technological foundation exist for the large-scale development of China’s geothermal energy industry. However, it experiences constraints, such as unclear resource distributions, incomplete development of government regulations, incomplete implementation of national policies, unclear authority between governmental administrative systems, and lack of uniform technical standards and codes. Therefore, future development strategies have been proposed to provide technical support and policy tools for geothermal energy development. The recommendations to ensure its healthy and sustainable development include improving resource exploration, rationalizing administration systems, enhancing policy guidance and financial support, and cultivating geothermal talent.     

土壤耦合热泵系统垂直埋管换热器性能影响因素的模拟分析

采用对钻孔内、外2个传热空间分别讨论的传热分析方法,建立土壤耦合热泵系统垂直埋管换热器传热的数学模型。模拟分析冬季换热过程中埋管周围土壤温度的变化,得出取热工况下地埋管换热器换热性能的影响因素。模拟结果将有助于提高热泵系统的循环经济性能。     

地热能及与其他新能源联合发电综述

我国地热资源丰富,且分布范围广。随着能源短缺和环境恶化问题的出现,地热能作为一种可再生的清洁能源受到人们的广泛关注,并将其用于发电领域,以降低污染物的排放、减缓煤炭等化石燃料引发的温室效应,实现能源结构的优化。介绍了地热蒸汽发电技术、地热水发电技术、干热岩发电技术、岩浆发电技术等地热发电技术的工作原理,并在适用范围、发电效率、发电成本、优缺点等方面对其进行比较。同时,阐述了地热与太阳能、生物质联合发电技术;分析了地热发电技术中存在的问题,以期为地热能在我国乃至世界范围的实际应用提供参考。     

使用地热能的吸收式制冷系统

吸收式制冷系统可以利用低品位的热源来制冷，相对于常见的蒸汽压缩式制冷系统而言在这方面具有优势。我国是一个地热资源很丰富的国家，为了充分利用这一资源，我们有必要对以地热为热源的吸收式制冷系统进行研究。本文着重分析了使用地热资源的溴化锂吸收式制冷系统。     

Overview of the current activities related to deep geothermal energy utilisation in the Republic of Croatia

Clean Technologies and Environmental Policy - The Pannonian Basin, partly located in Croatia, is well known for its higher-than-average geothermal gradient with good potential for geothermal energy...     

Impact of enhanced geothermal systems on US energy supply in the twenty-first century

Recent national focus on the value of increasing US supplies of indigenous renewable energy underscores the need for re-evaluating all alternatives, particularly those that are large and well distributed nationally. A panel was assembled in September 2005 to evaluate the technical and economic feasibility of geothermal becoming a major supplier of primary energy for US base-load generation capacity by 2050. Primary energy produced from both conventional hydrothermal and enhanced (or engineered) geothermal systems (EGS) was considered on a national scale. This paper summarizes the work of the panel which appears in complete form in a 2006 MIT report, 'The future of geothermal energy' parts 1 and 2. In the analysis, a comprehensive national assessment of US geothermal resources, evaluation of drilling and reservoir technologies and economic modelling was carried out. The methodologies employed to estimate geologic heat flow for a range of geothermal resources were utilized to provide detailed quantitative projections of the EGS resource base for the USA. Thirty years of field testing worldwide was evaluated to identify the remaining technology needs with respect to drilling and completing wells, stimulating EGS reservoirs and converting geothermal heat to electricity in surface power and energy recovery systems. Economic modelling was used to develop long-term projections of EGS in the USA for supplying electricity and thermal energy. Sensitivities to capital costs for drilling, stimulation and power plant construction, and financial factors, learning curve estimates, and uncertainties and risks were considered.     

Spatio-temporal simulation of permafrost geothermal response to climate change scenarios in a building environment

Significant climate warming, as observed over the past decades and projected by global climate models, would inevitably cause permafrost degradation in the Arctic regions. Several studies have been conducted to assess geothermal response to climate change in natural conditions; no study, however, has been observed yet to examine the potential response of the permafrost geothermal regime in a building environment. This paper presents a methodology and the results of a case study in the community of Inuvik, Canada of the spatio-temporal dynamics simulation of the geothermal regime under climate change scenarios in a building environment. A process-based, surface-coupled, 3-dimensional geothermal model was used for the simulation. The results suggest that the permafrost under the study would deteriorate under all the three climate change scenarios assessed, and the rate of the deterioration would depend on geotechnical properties of subsurface materials and climate change scenarios. Two patterns of the geothermal dynamics were revealed from the simulation results: spatially, there are significant differences in the rate of increase in active layer thickness underneath vs. around a building; and temporally, there is an abrupt rise in the active layer thickness around the middle of this century.     

Assessment of operation of an underground closed-loop geothermal heat exchanger

The results of calculations that allow one to obtain the characteristics of a closed-loop geothermal heat exchanger (C-LGHE) on the basis of our own approximate mathematical model are presented. These results are given in the form of appropriate tables containing the reduced quantities characterizing operation of such a geothermal heat exchanger. On this basis, C-LGHE operation is analyzed and conclusions on the possibilities of utilization of geothermal energy in binary power stations are drawn.__________Published in Inzhenerno-Fizicheskii Zhurnal, Vol. 78, No. 1, pp. 131–137, January–February, 2005.     

通州区地热资源优化开采模式动态研究

地热井的优化开采对地热资源的集约高效利用意义重大。根据北京市通州区地层特征和地热井布局建立了三维热储模型,对储层岩体中热、水进行多尺度耦合模拟,利用抽水试验、回灌试验监测数据进行了模型校正。利用校正后的模型,计算了不同采灌量下的热突破时间,预测了现有模式下热突破引起的地温场变化以及不同采量下抽水漏斗的演化趋势,得出通州区域内25眼地热井开采100年后温度场和水位场的动态云图。基于模拟数据,结合通州区现有采灌条件,提出了“一采一灌”、“一采两灌”、“两采三灌”的布井方案,同时进行了不同采灌量下的温度场、水位场的数值模拟,提出了优化的采灌布井模式,为地热资源长期开发利用提供理论支撑。