N-trimelliticimido-l-aspartic acid (1) was prepared from the reaction of trimellitic anhydride with l-aspartic acid in a mixture of glacial acetic acid and pyridine solution (3/2 ratio) under refluxing conditions. The solution
polycondensation of the corresponding activated monomer with eight aromatic diamines were carried out in DMAc. The resulting
poly(amide-imide)s were obtained in quantitative yields, showed admirable inherent viscosities (0.20–0.36 dl g−1), good optical activity (+7.32o to +15.24o), and were readily soluble in polar aprotic solvents. They start to decompose
(T10%) above 170 °C and display glass-transition temperatures at 120–237 °C. All of the above polymers were fully characterized
by UV, FT–IR, and 1HNMR spectroscopy, elemental analysis, thermogravimetric analyses, DSC, inherent viscosity measurement, and specific rotation. 相似文献
Poly(ethylene adipate-co-l-lactic acid) (PLEA) copolymers were prepared via ring opening polymerization from l-lactide and hydroxyl terminated poly(ethylene adipate) prepolymer as starting materials. The composition and microstructure
of the PLEA copolymers were characterized by nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR) spectra. Results confirmed the incorporation of lactic acid segments into the chain of PLEA copolymers as well as the
existence of ester exchange reaction. The thermal behaviors and thermal stability of the resultant PLEA copolymers were evaluated
by differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), respectively; and the crystal structure was
confirmed by using wide-angle X-ray diffraction (WAXD). Results showed that those properties of the PLEA copolymers showed
high dependence on the composition of the copolymers. 相似文献
Biodegradable polymer blends of poly(l-lactic acid) (PLLA) and poly(butylene succinate-co-l-lactate) (PBSL) at various blending ratios are prepared. The blending of PLLA with PBSL results in an increase in the ductility
and thermal stability of the blend. However, flexural strength and modulus, as well as loss modulus, decrease with an increase
in PBSL content. Annealing is employed to increase blend crystallinity and subsequently improve the mechanical properties
of the PLLA/PBSL blend. The influences of annealing time on the crystal modification, thermal properties, and mechanical properties
of the PLLA/PBSL blend are investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and three-point
bending test, respectively. Crystalline peaks are found in the XRD patterns of all annealed samples. DSC analysis reveals
that the degree of crystallinity is enhanced with an increase in annealing time. The flexural modulus also increases with
annealing time due to the change in crystalline phases. However, longer periods of annealing, especially over 20 h, result
in thermal degradation and subsequently reduce the modulus value of the PLLA/PBSL blend. 相似文献
l-Lactide-rich poly(l-lactide) (LR-PLLA)/d-lactide-rich poly(d-lactide) (DR-PDLA) blends with moderate optical purity were prepared by conventional extrusion and followed by injection-molding
process in this study. Thermal properties, crystalline structure, spherulite morphology, melt degradability, and thermal mechanical
property were investigated by means of DSC, WAXD, POM, TG, and DMA. In comparison with LR-PLLA/DR-PDLA blends with higher
optical purity, stereocomplex with less perfect structure was partially formed from the LR-PLLA/DR-PDLA blends with various
compositions and showed lower melting temperature. Surprisingly, double melting peaks have appeared in blends with 40 or 50
wt% DR-PDLA. Annealing at higher temperature for blends with 50 wt% DR-PDLA resulted in three melting peaks. It is assumed
that the optical purity would play a critical role, thus, producing limited amount of stereocomplex with less imperfect structure.
Annealing would also induce the micro-phase separation behavior in LR-PLLA/DR-PDLA blends and significantly influence the
thermal and degradable properties of blends. 相似文献
l-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (l-DOPA), an allelochemical exuded from the roots of velvet bean [Mucuna pruriens (L.) DC. var. utilis], presents a highly inhibitory action to plant growth. The effects of l-DOPA on phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL, EC 4.3.1.5) and peroxidase (POD, EC 1.11.1.7) activities, and phenolic compound
and lignin content in soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] roots were investigated to determine the possible phytotoxic mechanism. Three-day-old seedlings were cultivated
in half-strength Hoagland nutrient solution (pH 6.0), without or with 0.1 to 1.0 mM l-DOPA in a growth chamber (25°C, 12-hr light to 12-hr darkness photoperiod, irradiance of 280 μmol m−2 s−1) for 24 hr. In general, the length, fresh weight, and dry weight of the roots decreased, whereas PAL and POD activities and
phenolic compound and lignin content increased after l-DOPA treatments. Results showed the susceptibility of soybean to l-DOPA and reinforce the role of this nonprotein amino acid as a strong allelochemical. The present findings also suggest that
l-DOPA-induced inhibition in soybean roots may be because of a cell wall stiffening process related to the formation of cross-linking
between cell wall polymers linked to lignin production. 相似文献
Optically active poly(imide-amide)s (PIAs) and poly(imide-ester)s (PIEs) containing two silicon atoms in the main chain and
l-alanine as chiral residue, were synthesized. The former were prepared by direct polycondensation between two dicarboxilic
acids and bis(4-aminophenyl)dipenylsilane according to the triphenyl phosphate method. PIEs were synthesized with bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)dimethyl
o ethylmethylsilane, according to the tosyl chloride method. Monomers and polymers were characterized by IR and 1H, 13C, and 29Si NMR spectroscopy and elemental analysis, and the results were in agreement with the proposed structures. PIAs and PIEs
showed low values of ηinh, indicative of low molecular weight species, probably of oligomeric nature. Polymers were soluble in polar aprotic solvents
and also in common solvents such as CH2Cl2, CHCl3, and acetone, due to the effect of both, the polarity of the Si–C bond and the presence of an aliphatic residue provided
by the l-alanine amino acid. The glass transition temperatures (Tg) of the PIAs were higher than those obtained for PIEs, due to the higher flexibility of the ester group. The thermal decomposition
temperatures (TDT) were lower than 400 °C and dependent of the polymer structure. 相似文献
Water-soluble l-arginine-capped Fe3O4 nanoparticles were synthesized using a one-pot and green method. Nontoxic, renewable and inexpensive reagents including FeCl3, l-arginine, glycerol and water were chosen as raw materials. Fe3O4 nanoparticles show different dispersive states in acidic and alkaline solutions for the two distinct forms of surface binding
l-arginine. Powder X-ray diffraction and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy were used to identify the structure of Fe3O4 nanocrystals. The products behave like superparamagnetism at room temperature with saturation magnetization of 49.9 emu g−1 and negligible remanence or coercivity. In the presence of 1-ethyl-3-(dimethylaminopropyl) carbodiimide hydrochloride, the
anti-chloramphenicol monoclonal antibodies were connected to the l-arginine-capped magnetite nanoparticles. The as-prepared conjugates could be used in immunomagnetic assay. 相似文献
3-(3′,4′-Dihydroxyphenyl)-l-alanine (l-DOPA), which is synthesized in velvet bean (Mucuna pruriens), inhibits plant growth. The concentration of l-DOPA in soil is reduced by adsorption and transformation reactions, which can result in the reduction of its plant-growth-inhibitory
activity. To determine which part of the l-DOPA structure is involved in the adsorption and soil transformation reactions, we compared the kinetics of l-DOPA disappearance in a volcanic ash soil with that of l-phenylalanine (3-phenyl-l-alanine) and l-tyrosine (3-(4′-hydroxyphenyl)-l-alanine), compounds that are similar in structure to l-DOPA but do not have a catechol (o-dihydroxybenzene) moiety. l-Phenylalanine and l-tyrosine were not adsorbed and transformed in the soil at equilibrium pH values between 4 and 7. These results suggest that
the adsorption and transformation reactions of l-DOPA in the soil involve the catechol moiety and not the amino and carboxylic acid groups, which are common to all three
compounds. Like l-DOPA, (+)-catechin, another allelochemical that contains a catechol moiety, underwent adsorption and soil transformation
reactions. Thus, we concluded that the concentrations of allelochemicals bearing a catechol moiety in soils will decrease
rapidly owing to adsorption and transformation reactions, and this decrease will be faster in soils with a high pH value or
high adsorption ability. Owing to this decrease in concentration, allelopathic phenomena may not occur. 相似文献
The poly(l-lactide) (PLLA) biocompatible and biodegradable polymer was reinforced with functionalized Multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs)
to overcome on insufficient mechanical properties of this polymer for high load bearing applications. To fully realize the
potential of MWCNTs for this purpose, they have to be homogeneously dispersed in polymer matrix and have efficient load transfer
across the MWCNTs/polymer interface. The pristine MWCNTs (pMWCNTs) were functionalized, at first, by Friedel–Crafts acylation,
which introduced the aromatic amine groups on the sidewall of MWCNTs (MWCNT–NH2) without shortening or cutting of pMWCNTs. And then, the PLLA chains covalently grafted from the sidewall of MWCNT–NH2 by in situ ring-opening polymerization of l-lactide oligomers using stannous octanoate as the initiating system. The Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and X-ray
photoelectron spectroscopy spectra revealed that the PLLA chains grafted form the sidewall of MWCNTs strongly. The surface
morphology of pristine and PLLA-grafted MWCNTs (MWCNT-g-PLLAs) was characterized by scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. The tensile test of prepared
composites of PLLA with various concentrations of MWCNT-g-PLLAs show a significant increment in tensile strength and elongation at failure of composites with increasing the concentration
of MWCNT-g-PLLAs in composites. Also, it is found that the MWCNT-g-PLLAs increased the photoluminescence effect of PLLA and widened the luminescence region of PLLA. 相似文献
Poly(lactic acid) (PLA) is an important polymer because of its significant biocompatibility and biodegradability. Supported H3PW12O40 (H3PW) on activated carbon was utilized for the catalytic polymerization of D,L-lactic acid, resulting in blends of PLA. The stability of the polymer was monitored by thermogravimetry (TGA), and the decomposition temperature (Td) was used to determine the optimal production conditions (i.e., temperature of 180 °C for 15 h; 0.1 wt. % catalyst; 20 wt. % H3PW/carbon calcined at 400 °C). The best catalyst was reused three times with good activity and recovery (95 %) and was analyzed to confirm the consistency of its Keggin structure, dispersion, and acidity, which are important parameters that affect the catalyst’s activity. The obtained polymer was characterized by gel permeation chromatography (GPC), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), 1H/13C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, specific optical rotation ([α]D25), powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The average molar mass of the polymer was 17,400 g mol?1. Blends of poly(lactic acid) with 85 % poly(L-lactic acid) stereospecific isomer were obtained.
Graphical Abstract Stereoselective synthesis of 85 % PLLA from polymerization of d,l-lactic acid using 12-tungstophosphoric acid supported on carbon as a catalyst
An optically active bulky dicarboxylic acid (2S)-4-[(4-methyl-2-phthalimidylpentanoylamino)benzoylamino]isophthalic acid (1), was synthesized in five step starting from l-leucine and phthalic anhydride. A set of new aromatic polyamides containing (N-phthaloyl-l-leucine) units was synthesized by the direct one-pot phosphorylation polycondensation of diacid 1 with various aromatic diamines in the presence of different imidazolium salts and triphenyl phosphite (TPP) without adding
extra compounds (Method I). This method was compared with a classical method in a medium consisting of TPP, N-methyl-2-pyrrolidinone, pyridine, and calcium chloride (Method II) and the results are comparable. The polymers were produced
with high yields and from moderate to high inherent viscosities (0.43–0.81 dL g−1). Amino acid existence in this backbone results in optically active polymers. The chemical structures of some of these polymers
were characterized by 1H-NMR and elemental analysis, and all of them with FT-IR and specific rotation tools. By introduction of bulky and flexible
clusters in these new polyamides pendent group; make them soluble in most polar aprotic solvents. 相似文献
The oxidation processes of linoleic acid (LA) in the presence of l-ascorbic acid or saturated acyl l-ascorbate additives were measured at various temperatures and molar ratios of the additive to LA. Higher oxidative stability
of LA was observed at higher additive levels for all additives. The addition of the ascorbates lengthened the induction period
for the oxidation of LA. An autocatalytic kinetic rate equation was used to model the oxidation processes of LA mixed with
the ascorbates, and the dependence of the rate constant, k, on acyl-chain carbon number was determined. At any temperature, the use of ascorbate additives decreased the k value for LA, and there was a slight tendency for k values to decrease with increasing acyl-chain length. The apparent activation energy, Ea, and the frequency factor, k0, for the rate constant were determined from Arrhenius plots. The calculated Ea and k0 values also decreased with increasing ascorbate acyl-chain length. 相似文献
Saturated acyl (6-O-caproyl, lauroyl, and myristoyl) and unsaturated acyl (6-O-oleoyl, linoleoyl, and arachidonoyl) l-ascorbates were continuously synthesized at 50°C using a system where a column packed with ascorbic acid powder and a packed-bed
reactor with an immobilized lipase from Candida antarctica were connected in series. A productivity of 1.6–1.9 kg/L reactor·d was achieved for at least 11 d. The surface tension of
the caproyl or lauroyl l-ascorbate in aqueous solution was measured at various temperatures and pH to estimate the critical micelle concentration
(CMC) of the acyl l-ascorbate. The CMC values were independent of temperature but dependent on the pH. The value of the caproyl ascorbate increased
with an increase in pH. 相似文献
In this study, a sensor for the sensitive determination of ascorbic acid (AA) has been fabricated based on meso-tetra-(3,5-dibromo-4-hydroxydroxyphenyl) porphyrin copper (II) (T(DBHP)P-Cu) modified Au electrode through l-cysteine (l-cys). Firstly, l-cys modified Au electrode was prepared through self-assembled technology. Then T(DBHP)P-Cu was adsorbed on l-cys/Au through covalent binding. The fabrication process and electrochemical behavior of T(DBHP)P-Cu/l-cys/Au were studied by cyclic voltammetry and differential pulse voltammetry. The results showed that AA exhibited good electrochemical
activity at T(DBHP)P-Cu/l-cys/Au. The oxidation peak current increased linearly with AA concentration in the range of 1.00 × 10−3–1.02 × 10−5 mol L−1 with a detection limit of 5.41 × 10−7 mol L−1. Additionally, the modified electrode could be applied to the detect AA in practical samples. 相似文献
Complex crystals (ε-crystals) of poly(l-lactic acid) (PLLA) with solvents such as N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF) induce gelation of PLLA by forming fibrous structure. Three procedures to elevate the flow temperature of the PLLA gel were described: formation of an additional network by immersion of a DMF solution of PLLA with lower molecular weight, changing the crystal form from ε-crystal to α-crystal by heating the gel at 46 °C, and increasing the concentration of the solution to form the gel followed by heating. Field emission electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction measurements were carried out to elucidate the structural change and driving force of the elevation of the flow temperature. Densification of the fibrous structure and change of the crystal form from ε-crystals to α-crystals with lower solubility at higher temperatures were observed in the gel after the formation of an additional network by immersion in a DMF solution of PLLA. The procedure to elevate the flow temperature, which has been developed in this study, can broaden the application of PLLA gels. 相似文献
The supramolecular recognition of Ca(II) and Nα-4-tosyl-l-arginine methyl ester hydrochloride (TAME) with ATP were investigated using 1H and 31P NMR spectra. In the Ca(II)–ATP–TAME ternary system, Ca2+ and TAME bind with ATP via the phosphate chain and adenine ring of ATP. The binding forces are mainly electrostatic and cation
(Ca2+)–π and π–π stacking interaction. Furthermore, the hydrolysis of ATP catalyzed by Ca(II) and TAME was studied at pH 7.0 and
60 °C using 31P NMR spectra. Kinetics studies show that the ATP hydrolysis rate constant is 0.1035 h−1 in the Ca(II)–TAME–ATP ternary system, whereas the value is 8.5 × 10−3 h−1 under the same conditions without TAME and Ca2+. The Ca(II) ions and TAME accelerate the ATP hydrolysis process about 12-fold. The proposed mechanism of ATP hydrolysis catalyzed
by Ca2+–TAME occurs through an addition–elimination reaction sequence. These results can help us get more useful information at the
molecular level about the key amino acid residue(s) and metal ions that serve as cofactors in the ATPase effect on ATP hydrolysis/synthesis. 相似文献
Poly(l-lactic acid) (PLLA)/graphene nanoplatelets (GnP) nanocomposites were prepared through solvent casting and coagulation methods. The better dispersion of graphene was achieved by ultrasounds and its effect on crystallinity, thermomechanical and electrical properties of PLLA were studied and compared in both methods. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) was used to investigate the crystallinity of PLLA and its composites. Field emission gun scanning electron microscope (FEG-SEM) and wide-angle X-ray scattering (WAXS) were employed to characterize the microstructure of PLLA crystallites. Dynamic mechanical thermal analysis (DMTA) was performed to study the thermomechanical properties of the nanocomposites. FEG-SEM images illustrated finer dispersion of GnP in samples obtained by coagulation method with respect to solvent casting method. Graphene imparted higher electrical conductivity to nanocomposites obtained by solvent casting under ultrasound due to better formation of graphene network. DSC thermograms and their resulting data showed positive effects of GnP on crystallization kinetics of PLLA in both methods enhanced by the nucleating effect of graphene particles. Meanwhile, the effect of GnP, as nucleating agent, was more prominent in samples produced by coagulation method without utilization of ultrasounds. WAXS patterns represented the same characteristic peaks of PLLA in nanocomposite specimens suggesting similar crystalline structure of PLLA in presence of graphene, and the intensified peaks of nanocomposites compared to neat PLLA confirmed the DSC results regarding its improved crystallinity. Graphene increased storage modulus in rubbery region and glass transition temperature of nanocomposites in the coagulation method due to restricted mobility of PLLA chains. 相似文献
Biodegradable star-shaped PLLA–ESO copolymers were synthesized by the bulk copolymerization of l-lactide (l-LA) and epoxidized soybean oil (ESO) with stannous octanoate as the catalyst. Effects of molar ratios of monomer to catalyst,
and various amounts of ESO on copolymerization were studied. The resulting copolymers were characterized by FTIR, 1H NMR, GPC, etc., which confirmed the successful synthesis of star-shaped copolymers of l-LA and ESO. The thermal and mechanical properties of samples were also investigated by means of DSC, TGA and tensile testing.
The results showed that the PLLA–ESO copolymers possed lower glass transition temperature, melting point, crystallinity, and
maximum decomposition temperature than those of neat polylactide. Tensile testing demonstrated that PLLA–ESO copolymer had
better ductility than linear PLLA. It was also found that the amount of catalyst almost had no influence on the weight average
molecular weight of PLLA–ESO copolymers, but which could be controlled by variation of molar ratios of l-LA to ESO. 相似文献
Morphologies and structures determined by crystallization of the blocks, microphase separation of the copolymers, and vitrification
of PLLA block in poly(l-lactide-b-ethylene oxide) (PLLA-b-PEO) copolymers were investigated using microscopic techniques and synchrotron small angle X-ray scattering. The PLLA-b-PEO copolymer films were crystallized from two different annealing processes: melt crystallization (process A) or crystallized
from glass state of PLLA block after quenching from melt state (process B). The relationship between the crystalline morphology
and microstructure of the copolymers were explored using SAXS. The morphology and phase structure are predominated by crystallization
of PLLA block, and greatly influenced by microphase separation of the copolymers. In process B, lozenge-shape and truncated
lozenge-shaped PLLA crystals of nanometer scale can be observed. The crystalline morphology is markedly affected by the microstructure
formed during the annealing process. Star-shaped morphologies stacked with PLLA single crystals were observed. 相似文献
Thermo-oxidative stability of PMMA-grafted SiO2 and PMMA/PMMA-grafted SiO2 nanocomposites was investigated by conventional non-isothermal gravimetric technique. It was interesting to find that PMMA-grafted SiO2 nanoparticles exhibited higher thermo-oxidative stability than that of PMMA. The apparent activation energy of PMMA-grafted SiO2 nanoparticles increased with the grafting ratio of PMMA from SiO2, which was estimated by Kissinger method. This indicates that the strong interactions existing between the grafted chains are responsible for the enhanced thermo-oxidative stability of PMMA-grafted SiO2 nanoparticles. However, the grafting ratio of PMMA from SiO2 in nanoparticles has only limited effect on the thermo-oxidative stability of PMMA/PMMA-grafted SiO2 nanocomposites due to a much lower content of grafted PMMA in the nanoparticles relative to PMMA. The increased thermo-oxidative stability of PMMA/PMMA-grafted SiO2 nanocomposites is possibly resulted from the increased SiO2 content in the nanocomposites, in which the grafting ratio of PMMA in PMMA-grafted SiO2 nanoparticles is kept almost as a constant. The glass transition temperature (Tg) of PMMA/PMMA-grafted SiO2 nanocomposites is about 25 °C and is higher than that of PMMA. The grafting ratio of PMMA from SiO2 in the nanoparticles has no qualitative effects on the Tg of the nanocomposites. 相似文献