太阳能电池用EVA封装胶膜的性能研究

以丙烯酸(AA)、甲基丙烯酸甲酯(MMA)、γ-甲基丙烯酰氧丙基三甲氧基硅烷(KH-570)分别作为接枝单体,对EVA(乙烯-醋酸乙烯酯共聚物)进行接枝改性,着重探讨了接枝单体对EVA封装胶膜交联性能、粘接性能、透光性和耐湿热老化性能的影响。研究结果表明:KH-570接枝的EVA胶膜具有相对最好的综合性能,其凝胶率超过90%(即交联度较高)、剥离强度相对最大、1 mm厚EVA胶膜在波长为400~1 000 nm范围内的透光率超过85%且耐湿热老化性能良好。     

超快固化高性能太阳能电池用EVA封装膜的研制

以33%VA(醋酸乙烯)含量的EVA(乙烯-醋酸乙烯共聚物)为聚合物基体,采用熔融共混法制成改性EVA母粒;然后采用流延成膜法制得C1(不含改性EVA胶粒的胶膜)和C2(含改性EVA胶粒的胶膜)。通过对比试验法探讨了不同EVA胶膜的交联度、剥离强度和耐老化性能。结果表明:C2的层压时间短、剥离强度高、耐老化性能较好,其各项性能与美国EVA胶膜接近,达到超快固化高性能EVA胶膜的使用要求,完全符合太阳能电池的封装条件。     

乙烯基硅树脂改性EVA胶膜的制备

以混合氯硅烷及硅氧烷为单体,采用水解共缩聚的方法制备了乙烯基硅树脂,并研究了合成该树脂的影响因素;以乙烯基硅树脂为改性剂,以高乙酸乙烯含量的乙烯-乙酸乙烯共聚物(EVA)为基体,通过熔融混炼法添加各种助剂,得到改性的EVA胶膜,探讨了乙烯基硅树脂对EVA胶膜性能的影响。结果表明:乙烯基硅树脂改性的EVA胶膜热稳定性和老化性能得到了提高;含有苯基的乙烯基硅树脂改性EVA胶膜时,所得胶膜的热氧老化性能好,透光率高,且黄色指数增大速率较慢。因此,含苯基乙烯基硅树脂是EVA胶膜的理想改进剂。     

光伏组件用EVA胶膜的改性技术研究进展

综述了光伏组件用乙烯-乙酸乙烯共聚物(EVA)胶膜的改性技术研究进展.采用EVA内交联碱性有机物、添加阴离子型丙烯酸酯等方法制备的EVA胶膜应用于光伏组件可以提高抗电势诱导衰减效应;采用稀土化合物复合、有机硼改性丙烯酸接枝EVA制备的EVA胶膜应用于光伏组件可以提升太阳能利用率;EVA经过氧化-2-乙基己基碳酸叔丁酯与...     

光伏组件封装用热塑性聚烯烃胶膜的制备及性能研究

以聚烯烃弹性体XUS38658为基体、2,5-二甲基-2,5-二(叔丁基过氧基)己烷为引发剂、γ-甲基丙烯酰氧基丙基三甲氧基硅烷为粘接剂,通过双螺杆挤出制备接枝料,再将接枝料与聚烯烃弹性体XUS38660、光稳定剂UV-531和抗氧剂1010通过双螺杆挤出、流延制备了硅烷接枝热塑性聚烯烃胶膜。对热塑性聚烯烃胶膜各项物理性能、耐紫外老化性能、耐湿热老化性能以及储存稳定性进行研究,结果表明,硅烷成功接枝到聚烯烃分子链上,聚烯烃胶膜各项物理性能满足标准要求,耐老化性能优异,可储存180d以上。     

乙烯-醋酸乙烯共聚物的硅烷交联及无卤阻燃研究

采用过氧化物为引发剂,用熔融法制备了硅烷交联EVA和无卤阻燃硅烷交联EVA.用红外方法(IR)和差示扫描量热法(DSC)对EVA的硅烷接枝反应进行了表征.研究了过氧化物含量对体系凝胶含量,相对接枝率和力学性能的影响,同时还研究了交联对体系阻燃性能的影响.DSC实验表明,硅烷A171比硅烷A151更容易接枝到EVA上.随DCP含量增加,体系的凝胶含量,相对接枝率,拉伸强度增加,而断裂仲长率降低.氧指数结果表明,交联以后可以适当提高氧指数值,改善阻燃性能.     

水解对乙烯－乙酸乙烯共聚物乳液复合的影响Ⅲ.复合乳液的性能

对水解处理后的乙烯－乙酸乙烯共聚物（ＥＶＡ）乳液与丙烯酸丁酯、甲基丙烯酸丁酯的复合乳液的性能进行了表征。结果表明,复合单体的水解处理后的ＥＶＡ乳胶粒表面的接枝状况对复合乳液的稳定性及其胶膜的而水性和力学性能有较大影响,热处理对胶膜性能的影响与复合单体的ＥＶＡ乳胶粒表面的接枝状况有关。     

PE-g-MAH粘接剂的制备及其在阻隔膜中的粘接性能研究

采用双螺杆熔融挤出法制备了马来酸酐接枝聚乙烯(PE-g-MAH)。探讨了在以基体树脂为线型低密度聚乙烯(LLDPE)的基础上,添加不同种类引发剂含量、不同接枝单体马来酸酐(MAH)含量对制备出PE-g-MAH的性能的影响。同时也探究了不同接枝率、熔融指数以及晶点个数的PE-g-MAH粘接剂在乙烯-乙烯醇共聚物(EVOH)阻隔膜上粘接性能的影响。通过傅里叶变换红外光谱对接枝产物进行定性表征并分析接枝物接枝率,通过熔体流动速率测试分析其流动性,通过180°剥离强度测试分析粘接剂的性能。研究结果表明：当引发剂为过氧化二异丙苯(DCP)且添加0.05份,MAH添加1份时,PE-g-MAH接枝率为0.68%,熔融指数为0.94 g·(10 min)^-1,晶点个数为12,此时材料粘接性能最佳;选择EVOH作为阻隔层粘接,当接枝率为0.68%时,PE-g-MAH的剥离强度达到最大值为69.0 N/cm,PE-g-MAH粘接剂的粘接性能达到相对最佳。     

太阳电池EVA胶膜的研究

本文研究了EVA胶膜在太阳电池封装工艺中的作用。当EVA胶膜受热熔融时，胶膜中的复合交联剂引发EVA分子发生热交联；同时引发不饱和偶联剂与EVA发生接枝反应。本文还披露EVA胶膜对玻璃透过可见光的增透功能与EVA腹膜吸收紫外光的功能作用。     

太阳能电池组件用POE封装胶膜的研制

以乙烯-α-烯烃共聚物(POE)为基体、过氧化-2-乙基己酯碳酸叔丁酯为交联剂、三烯丙基异氰脲酸酯为助交联剂、乙烯基三甲氧基硅烷为硅烷偶联剂、马来酸酐(MAH)为改性剂,采用熔融挤出法制得母粒,再采用流延成膜法制备了纯POE胶膜(S1)、MAH改性POE胶膜(S2)和硅烷偶联剂改性POE胶膜(S3)。研究结果表明:S3的交联度(66%)、透光率(89%)、粘接性能(与玻璃、TPT膜的剥离强度分别为130、86 N/cm)和耐湿热老化性能(85℃、相对湿度85%时老化1 000 h后黄变指数变化1.1%、与玻璃的剥离强度降幅15%)相对最好,由S3封装的太阳能电池组件之功率衰减(为5.2%)明显低于传统EVA(乙烯-醋酸乙烯酯共聚物)胶膜封装的太阳能电池组件,有利于改善光伏电站的运营效益。     

硅烷改性聚氨酯丙烯酸酯的合成研究

以氨基硅烷偶联剂为基础,对以异氰酸酯基为端基的聚氨酯丙烯酸酯预聚体进行再封端,合成一系列不同封端率的单组分湿固化聚氨酯丙烯酸酯树脂。测试结果表明:硅烷偶联剂成功接枝在聚氨酯丙烯酸酯预聚体上。产物的表干时间、粘接强度、耐热耐水性得到较大改善。     

Accelerated-curing epoxy structural film adhesive for bonding lightweight honeycomb sandwich structures

Accelerating the curing of epoxy/aromatic amine adhesives and improving their toughness are challenges in heat-resistant epoxy structural adhesives. Herein, we report an epoxy/aromatic amine adhesive accelerated curing system with an oxo-centered trinuclear (chromium III) complex, which is toughened using a thermoplastic block copolymer (TPBC). The reaction characteristics, heat resistance, microstructure, and bonding properties of the accelerated epoxy adhesives were analyzed. The reaction peak temperature of the epoxy with 3% catalyst was 113.1°C, which was 113.6°C lower than that of epoxy without catalyst, and the modified epoxy resin demonstrated a potential for rapid curing at medium temperature. The glass transition temperature of the TPBC-toughened epoxy adhesive was 125°C after curing, indicating excellent thermal stability after medium temperature curing. The introduction of the TPBC increased the single-lap shear strength of the epoxy adhesive without reducing its heat resistance. The shear strength at room temperature and 120°C of the modified epoxy adhesive with 50 phr of TPBC was 25.2 and 10.9 MPa, respectively. Moreover, the epoxy film adhesive exhibited outstanding bonding properties when used in the bonding of lightweight honeycomb sandwich structures.     

改性硅酸盐胶粘剂的制备与性能研究

以丙烯酸丁酯(BA)、聚丙烯酰胺(PAM)和硅烷偶联剂等作为硅酸钠的改性剂,制备改性硅酸盐无机胶粘剂。采用正交试验法和单因素试验法考察了各种改性剂用量、固化温度和固化时间等对胶粘剂力学性能、耐水性等影响,并对胶粘剂的耐热性和耐腐蚀性进行了研究。结果表明:当m(BA)=0.1 g、m(硅酸钠)=50 g、m(PAM)=0.05 g、w(硅烷偶联剂)=0.6%、固化温度120℃和固化时间3 h时,改性胶粘剂的综合性能最佳,其粘接强度超过2.0 MPa、水浸泡24 h后的粘接强度保持率达83%、1 000℃时不分解且对钢材具有良好的防腐保护作用。     

Interactions of BTESPT silane and maleic anhydride grafted polypropylene with epoxy and application to improve adhesive durability between epoxy and aluminium sheet

For improvement of adhesive strength and durability of adhesion between epoxy and aluminium sheet bis-(triethoxysilylpropyl)tetrasulfide (BTESPT) silane and maleic anhydride grafted polypropylene (PP-g-MAH) are chosen for surface pretreatment of the aluminium sheet respectively. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy was used for characterization of the structure and the interactions in the systems. It is shown that BTESPT silane and the anhydride on PP-g-MAH take part in the curing reactions of the epoxy/polyamide system. The adhesive shear strength of the samples, prepared under different curing temperatures, and after immersion in boiling water and 3.5% NaCl water solution respectively, was tested. The features of the shear fractured surfaces were examined by scanning electron microscope (SEM). For the aluminium sheet pretreated by BTESPT silane, the maximum adhesive shear strength is 22.2 MPa, which is higher than that of 17.5 MPa for aluminium sheet without pretreatment by the silane. After immersion in boiling water for 80 h and in NaCl water solution at 50 °C for 180 h the adhesive shear strengths are 13.39 MPa and 18.4 MPa respectively, which are higher than these (below 6 MPa) for aluminium sheet without pretreatment by the silane. As for the aluminium sheet pretreated by PP-g-MAH, the maximum adhesive shear strength is 13.17 MPa. After immersion in boiling water for 80 h and in NaCl water solution at 50 °C for 180 h the adhesive shear strengths decline to 10.67 MPa and 8.1 MPa respectively.     

碳基复合材料用耐高温胶黏剂的研制

采用耐热酚醛树脂杂化了磷酸盐胶黏剂,以纳米氧化铝、氧化锆和氧化锌为固化剂,制备了一种对C/C和C/SiC复合材料具有良好粘接性能的胶黏剂。通过不同测试温度下的剪切强度,差示扫描量热仪（DSC）,热失重（TG）以及扫描电子显微镜（SEM）探究了杂化胶黏剂的力学性能、固化行为、耐热性能以及高温下胶黏剂结构的变化。结果表明：酚醛树脂的加入,保持了耐热性能,降低了体系固化的固化温度,有效地提高了磷酸盐胶黏剂对C/C、C/SiC两种复合材料力学性能,室温下剪切强度均高于10MPa。     

室温固化耐热环氧胶粘剂的研究进展与发展趋势

综述了室温固化耐热环氧树脂(EP)胶粘剂的研究进展与发展趋势,介绍了近年来国内外部分性能优异的室温固化耐热EP胶粘剂,指出室温固化耐热EP胶粘剂的发展趋势是耐高温、高强度、高耐久性及快速固化。     

养护条件对EVA乳液改性水泥浆体水化行为和孔结构的影响

本文制备了不同乙烯-醋酸乙烯酯(EVA)乳液含量的聚合物改性硅酸盐水泥浆体,对比了其在相同水灰比,不同养护制度(标准养护、蒸汽养护)条件的水化性能与孔结构。通过X射线衍射分析、水化热分析、压汞分析、氮吸附测试,以及立方体抗压强度测试评价了EVA乳液在不同养护状态下对水泥水化产物、水化特性、孔结构以及抗压强度的影响。结果表明,与标准养护相比,蒸汽养护下EVA乳液没有改变水泥水化产物,在EVA乳液较高掺量下,降低了其延缓水泥水化的程度,降低了试样的孔隙率,并且增加了试样中小孔的含量,而蒸汽养护削弱了EVA乳液对水泥净浆强度的负面影响。     

快速固化环氧树脂胶黏剂的研究

介绍了一种新型快速固化环氧胶黏剂的研制过程及其性能。选用不同固化剂和增韧剂,以及通过调整固化剂和增韧剂的添加量,对胶黏剂配方进行了优选。在固化工艺方面,研究了固化剂含量和固化温度对于凝胶时间的影响。当增韧剂Q含量在15—20份(质量)时,固化剂在21—24份(质量)时,胶黏剂的剪切强度和剥离强度最佳。结果表明,所研制的胶黏剂具有良好的耐湿热老化和耐介质性能,该胶黏剂同时具有胶接强度高和固化工艺方便的优点。     

Silane Coupling Agents as Adhesion Promoters for Aerospace Structural Film Adhesives

The performance of eight organofunctional silane coupling agents as adhesion promoters for the bonding of aluminium with two 121°C and two 177°C curing structural film adhesives was investigated and compared to the chromic acid (FPL) etch pre-treatment process and two non-chemical pretreatments. Aspects considered were shear strength of joints at ambient and elevated temperatures and durability, as judged by the wedge test.

The epoxy silane, γ-glycidoxypropyltrimethoxy silane, was found to be a very efficient adhesion promoter with all film adhesives evaluated. The cationic styryl silane, a neutral diamine monohydrochloride, showed promise with two adhesive systems. Four other neutral silanes were less effective.

Performance of amine functional silanes was mixed. Although the shear strength of joints with the primary amine silane at its natural pH of ∼10.3 was relatively good, durability was poor. However, good durability was obtained if the primer was first adjusted to pH 8 with hydrochloric acid, but not if acetic or phosphoric acids were used. Diamine silane was not an effective adhesion promoter at either its natural pH or when acidified with hydrochloric acid.