共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 125 毫秒
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基于非能动安全壳建立了1:45的简化的二维数值模型,在保持无量纲数不变的前提下,利用流体体积函数(VOF)模型捕捉气-液交界面,分析了不同雷诺数(Re)条件下的液膜铺展状况。通过与实验结果的对比,模拟结果能够较好地反映出实验结果中的液膜波动现象,且液膜厚度的变化与Re一致;竖壁降膜过程受多种力的综合作用,波动的液膜可以分成明显的层流底层与独立波两部分,层流底层流速较低而独立波沿流动方向移动较快,随着液膜的铺展,独立波之间发生碰撞和融合并加剧液膜的波动性;随着Re的增加,层流底层的液膜厚度及独立波的振幅都有所增加,同时波动性加剧。 相似文献
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液膜在安全壳表面的流动铺展性能对非能动安全壳冷却系统有重要的影响。采用三维数值模拟方法研究了降膜板表面形貌、接触角与液相雷诺数对液膜铺展性能的影响,并将结果与前人的实验和理论结果对比,吻合良好。研究发现,当降膜板为横向波纹板时液膜完全铺展时间、液膜厚度及界面湍动程度明显大于平板与纵向波纹板,此时波纹板波谷处会有循环流动产生。随接触角的增加或液相雷诺数的减小,液膜逐渐从完整流转变为片状流、溪流、滴状流。在纵向波纹板对液膜的导流与撕裂综合作用下,随接触角的变化,液膜的铺展性能与平板相比也发生较大的变化。 相似文献
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采用动量积分方法分析压水堆发生失水事故时在安全壳的内表面上的液膜凝结、再浸润和蒸发过程。由凝结液膜的质量和动量守恒方程导出了凝结液膜在延展表面的子午线方向平均速度的积分-微分方程。假设液膜以层流的方式流动,把导出的积分-微分方程变成容易进行数值积分的液膜速度的一阶常微分方程,由此求得液膜厚度分布。液膜能量守恒方程的解给出了安全壳内壁面的温度分布。 相似文献
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利用FLUENT内的EWF模型对大平板上液膜冲击附板时发生的一系列流动行为进行了三维数值模拟研究。分析了不同工况下大平板上不同流量下降液膜冲击不同宽度和厚度附板后的液膜损失,并对比了一定高度返回槽收集水量的实验值和模拟计算值,两者吻合程度较为良好。分析了液膜冲击附板的流动行为的4个过程,并通过分析附板尺寸和液膜流量对液膜冲击附板行为的影响,得到了液膜损失率与受附板高度影响的液膜溅射空间数和液膜冲击附板时的韦伯数之间的关系,发现EWF模型在模拟降液膜冲击不同焊缝高度的附板时存在不足。 相似文献
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设计并搭建了横掠气流下波形板壁液膜破裂可视化研究的实验台架,研究不同液膜厚度下气流速度与液膜破膜速度之间的关系。通过改变液膜流量和气流速度获得不同液膜厚度条件下的临界破膜速度,并利用高速摄像技术对液膜破裂行为进行研究。结果表明,液膜的破裂与气流速度、液膜厚度有关,两者呈负相关性;无量纲分析表明液膜的惯性力和气流剪切力是导致其破裂的不稳定性因素,而壁面粘性力和液膜表面张力则是抑制液膜破裂的稳定性因素;液膜在临界气流剪切力作用下发生破裂的破口是从波形板的屈折角(凸角)开始的,而且液膜可以以不同的形式被卷入到气流中,液膜破裂形态与液膜厚度有关。 相似文献
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通过孔口的收缩-膨胀增强气液接触是强化气液两相传热传质的重要方式,其中孔口边缘的液膜厚度则是建立气液两相传递过程动力学模型的关键参数。基于孔口流动时的气液相力平衡原理,建立了气液两相并流向下通过孔口的液膜厚度模型,并将模型预测的液膜厚度与管道环状流液膜厚度进行了对比分析,表明了新模型的有效性和广泛适用性。基于新建液膜模型,从流体受力的角度分析了气液流量、液相运动黏度以及孔口直径等参数对液膜厚度的影响。结果表明:随气相流量提高,气液界面速度增大,气液界面剪切力增强,无因次液膜厚度随之减薄;液相流量增大,气相流通面积减小,气相流速增大,尽管气液界面剪切力及气液界面速度均有所增大,但液量的直接增量最终导致无因次液膜厚度增厚;液相运动黏度增加,尽管气液界面剪切作用增强,但气液界面速度减小,液膜厚度增厚;相同流量下,孔口直径增大,气液界面剪切力及气液界面速度均减小,液膜厚度随之增加。 相似文献
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Akio Matsuura Tomoyuki Kakigi SanetoAsano Fumihiro Mutou Akihiro Oshima Masakazu Washio 《辐射研究与辐射工艺学报》2005,23(2):103-103
Fuel cell is in focus as a very low exhaust new dynamo system. Especially polymer electrolyte fuel cells (PEFC) using proton exchange membranes (PEM) have attracted much attention for the electrical vehicle and other mobile applications such as cellar phone and personal computer. Conventional perfluoro-sulfonic acid membranes such as Nation() (DuPont de Nemours LTD.) have been the popular PEM used in PFEC. However, there are still several problems such as insufficient gas barrier properties, low thermal resistance, and their high costs.In this study, hawse have studied the partially fluorinated PEM for PEFC by radiation grafting onto per-fluorinated polymers such as PFA, FEP and ETFE with reactive styrene monomers using pre-irradiation grafting method in gas and in liquid phase, respectively, and successive sulfonation. Characteristic properties of the grafted and sulfonated materials have been discussed and optimized fabricating conditions were determined.Characteristic properties of the obtained materials have been measured by differential scanning calorimetry,thermogravimetric analysis and FT-IR spectroscopy, etc.In the case of irradiation in air, glass transition temperatures (Tg) of the grafted materials depend on the yields of styrene grafting onto the materials. That is higher yields of grafting give lower thermal stability. On the other hand, when the peroxy radicals were converted trapped radicals by exposure in air after irradiation under oxygen-free atmosphere, Tg of the grafted materials hardly depends on the grafting yields.Moreover, the yields of grafting in gas phase were higher than that of liquid phase. However, the sample form of grafting in gas phase has been greatly changed, whereas the sample form of grafting in liquid phase has kept its original feature.Therefore, it is suggested that the fabricating conditions for PEFC membranes were preferred to irradiation under oxygen-free atmosphere and grafting in liquid phase.Ion exchange capacities of the sulfonated-materials could be 3.0meq/g. Other properties of the obtained membranes such as chemical structure were also discussed. 相似文献
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利用预辐射接枝技术,在聚乙烯膜上接枝苯乙烯磺酸钠(SSS)、苯乙烯三甲基氯化铵(VBTAC)等具有离子交换性能的单体,研制出具有抗菌性能的离子交换膜,并且使得原先增水性的基膜转变为亲水性较好的膜。通过实验,掌握了膜的接枝工艺,并对膜接枝过程、结构特征、经性能有较多的了解。从各个角度对膜的亲水性能作了定量研究,提出了水合数与表面自由能的计算方法。对几种膜的抗菌性能进行了评价。确定了VBTAC膜作为抗 相似文献
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《Fusion Engineering and Design》2014,89(7-8):1209-1212
Tritium monitoring in lithium–lead eutectic is of great importance for the performance of liquid blankets in fusion reactors. In addition, tritium measurements will be required in order to proof tritium self-sufficiency in liquid metal breeding systems. On-line hydrogen (isotopes) sensors must be design and tested in order to accomplish these goals.In this work, an experimental set up was designed in order to test the permeation hydrogen sensors at 500 °C. This experimental set-up allowed working with controlled environments (different hydrogen partial pressures) and the temperature was measured using a thermocouple connected to a temperature controller that regulated an electrical heater.In a first set of experiments, a hydrogen sensor was constructed using an α-iron capsule as an active hydrogen area. The sensor was mounted and tested in the experimental set up. In a second set of experiments the α-iron capsule was replaced by a welded thin palladium disk in order to minimize the death volume. The experiments performed using both membranes (α-iron and palladium) showed that the operation of the sensors in the equilibrium mode required at least several hours to reach the hydrogen equilibrium pressure. 相似文献
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为了富集环境中的氙,使用中空纤维膜对气体进行预处理,去除掉大量的杂质气体,如氮气、氧气、二氧化碳和水蒸气,氙得以浓缩。为此,建立了膜分离实验装置,实验研究了不同的温度、流量、级切、膜数量、连接方式、气源压力等条件下聚酰亚胺中空纤维膜富集氙并去除CO_2、H_2O和O_2等杂质气体的性能。实验结果表明,气体流量和环境温度对膜的分离性能没有明显影响,采用3根或4根膜串联的方式时氙的损失率较小;在级切为2/3时,氙的损失率不大于10%,CO_2、H_2O和O_2的去除率分别不低于99%、90%和90%;空气样品氙的损失率略大于地表下气体样品。 相似文献
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基于气体透过滤膜的扩散原理,对应用于固体核径迹探测器累积测氡的三种滤膜在四种不同湿度下的氡扩散能力进行研究。实验结果表明:醋酸纤维滤膜和普通滤纸的扩散能力明显强于PE滤膜,更适用于固体核径迹测氡,且湿度对三种滤膜氡扩散能力的影响不明显。通过本次实验得到,醋酸纤维滤膜的扩散系数为1.46×10~(-9)m~2/s~2.59×10~(-9)m~2/s,普通滤纸的扩散系数为1.01×10~(-9)m~2/s~1.45×10~(-9)m~2/s。 相似文献
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原子力显微镜在聚合物膜研究中的应用 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
原子力显微镜(AFM)已被用来研究膜的孔径和孔径分布、膜孔的结构、表面粗糙度、表面接点结构、膜的表面整体形态、膜污染机制和膜材料的选择等7个方面。原子力显微镜作为一种崭新的、有效的物理观测工具,在聚合物膜研究方面仍具有应用潜力。 相似文献
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以103Pd和110Agm 为示踪剂,采用化学镀法制备了103Pd-110Agm合金膜,并优化了制备条件:对制得的103Pd-110Agm合金膜采用γ井型探测器进行定量分析,扫描电镜进行定性分析。结果显示,优化后的镀膜条件为:镀液组成为PdCl2(含放射性103Pd) 、AgNO3、Na2EDTA、NH3 、N2H4;Pd与Ag的摩尔比为9∶1;活化液PdCl2的浓度范围为0.5~2.0 mmol/L;金属离子总浓度为5~7 mmol/L;NH3浓度为2~4 mol/L;pH为10~12;N2H4浓度为10 mmol/L;Na2EDTA浓度为0.15 mol/L;恒温水浴槽保持温度为60 ℃,旋转搅拌器转速为40~60 r/min,反应时间为60 min。在以上镀膜条件下进行化学镀,可得到具有金属光泽的镀层。用载体预处理后,扫描电镜显示,镀层表面有晶粒生长,镀后清晰可见;定性分析结果表明,合金膜中有Pd、Ag元素存在。 相似文献