炭黑补强NR硫化胶疲劳破坏特性的研究

用断裂力学方法研究炭黑N110，N220和N330补强NR硫化胶的疲劳破坏特性。结果表明，随着疲劳时问的延长，3种炭黑补强硫化胶的拉断形变能密度均减小，且炭黑粒径越小，硫化胶的拉断形变能密度降幅越大；炭黑粒径越小的硫化胶内部潜在缺陷越小，但抗裂纹扩展性能越差，疲劳寿命越短；3种炭黑补强硫化胶的疲劳寿命方程均能较准确地预测其疲劳寿命。     

白炭黑补强天然橡胶/高反式-1，4-丁二烯-异戊二烯共聚橡胶并用胶性能的研究

以天然橡胶(NR)/高反式-1,4-丁二烯-异戊二烯共聚橡胶(TBIR)并用胶为对比,研究白炭黑补强NR/TBIR并用胶的性能。结果表明:NR/TBIR混炼胶和白炭黑补强NR/TBIR混炼胶的强度分别较NR混炼胶和白炭黑补强NR混炼胶提高;随着TBIR用量增大,NR/TBIR硫化胶和白炭黑补强NR/TBIR硫化胶的压缩永久变形和DIN磨耗量分别较NR硫化胶和白炭黑补强NR硫化胶减小,耐屈挠疲劳性能和耐伸张疲劳性能大幅提高,静摩擦因数和动摩擦因数增大;白炭黑补强NR/TBIR硫化胶较白炭黑补强NR硫化胶的白炭黑聚集体平均粒径减小,白炭黑在橡胶基体中的分散性改善。     

炭黑及白炭黑对AEM补强的研究

研究了炭黑及白炭黑对胺类硫化体系硫化的AEM橡胶的补强作用,并探讨了炭黑和白炭黑种类及用量对AEM硫化胶力学性能的影响.结果表明,炭黑用量为40份时,拉伸强度和撕裂强度均最佳;炭黑N330,N550,N660和N774对AEM的补强作用分别为具有较好力学强度、较好压缩永久变形、较好力学性能均衡性和较差补强效果;白炭黑对AEM的补强效果较好.     

高耐磨炭黑填充型粉末NR研究(Ⅲ)硫化胶的物理机械性能

研究了高耐磨炭黑(N330)填充型粉末天然橡胶[P(NR/N330)]硫化胶的物理机械性能.结果发现炭黑乳化剂、炭黑、操作油和包覆剂的用量及玻璃化转变温度对P(NR/N330)硫化胶的物理机械性能的影响比较明显.在适宜的粉末化条件下制备的P(NR/N330),其硫化胶的物理机械性能优于天然胶乳与炭黑的简单共沉胶(ENR/N330),而300%定伸应力则低于块状NR/N330机械混炼胶(MNR/N330).P(NR/N330)硫化胶拉伸断面形貌的SEM分析表明,包覆剂在用量为15份时,与NR基体形成互锁结构;DSC分析表明,二者部分相容,因此硫化胶具有较好的物理机械性能.     

稀土掺杂高耐磨炭黑填充型粉末NR研究I.硫化胶的物理机械性能

以天然胶(NR)乳为原料,稀土化合物改性高耐磨炭黑N330(N330-Re)为填充隔离剂,用凝聚共沉法制备了稀土掺杂高耐磨炭黑填充型粉末NR[P(NR/N330-Re)],研究了炭黑乳化剂用量、粉末化温度、硫磺用量、稀土元素的种类及用量、过渡金属Zn的用量、N330-Re的用量等因素对其硫化胶物理机械性能的影响.结果表明,所选用的稀土化合物对高耐磨炭黑N330具有优良的改性效果,从而对P(NR/N330-Re)硫化胶有显著的补强作用,其中以Sm2O3与La2O3改性效果最佳.     

氢化丁腈橡胶/丁腈橡胶耐热密封复合材料的性能研究

研究炭黑、白炭黑、碳酸钙和陶土对氢化丁腈橡胶（HNBR）/丁腈橡胶（NBR）耐热密封复合材料的硫化特性、物理性能、耐热空气老化性能和耐油性能的影响。结果表明：白炭黑补强并用胶的耐热空气老化性能和耐油性能较好,但压缩永久变形大;陶土和碳酸钙补强并用胶的各项性能均较差;炭黑N220补强并用胶的物理性能较好,压缩永久变形小,更适合作为制备HNBR/NBR耐热密封材料的补强填料;炭黑N220和N330在并用胶中分散均匀,而炭黑N770分散不均匀,粒子聚集体较多。     

环保型硫化促进剂CBBS在橡胶中的应用研究

研究环保型硫化促进剂CBBS在天然橡胶(NR)和丁苯橡胶(SBR)硫黄硫化体系胶料中的应用。结果表明:在NR炭黑补强胶料中促进剂CBBS胶料具有硫化活性高、硫化平坦性好、交联程度大的特点,促进剂CBBS的炭黑/白炭黑并用补强胶料的硫化特性和硫化物物理性能较优;在SBR炭黑补强胶料中促进剂CBBS胶料具有焦烧时间长和加工安全性好的特点,促进剂CBBS的炭黑/白炭黑并用补强胶料的硫化速度较慢,但硫化胶物理性能优异。     

不同硫化体系对天然橡胶的动静态性能的影响研究

分别制备了以炭黑和白炭黑为补强填料的不同硫化体系天然橡胶(NR)复合材料,研究硫化体系对NR胶料静态和动态性能的影响。结果表明:普通硫化体系硫化胶具有较高的交联密度、较好的物理性能和优异的耐磨性能;对于白炭黑补强体系,普通硫化体系硫化胶具有最低的滚动阻力;而对于炭黑补强体系,平衡硫化体系硫化胶具有最低的滚动阻力;胶料拉伸强度的增大有利于耐磨性的提高。     

炭黑/稻壳源白炭黑并用对天然橡胶增强作用的粒径效应

考察了不同粒径炭黑与稻壳源白炭黑并用对天然橡胶(NR)性能的影响。结果表明,随着炭黑粒径的增大,炭黑/稻壳源白炭黑增强NR混炼胶的门尼黏度、最低转矩及最高转矩均变小,加工性能变好。随着炭黑粒径的增大,炭黑/稻壳源白炭黑增强NR硫化胶的拉伸强度降低,邵尔A硬度减小,耐磨性能及耐老化性能变差。N 330与稻壳源白炭黑并用增强NR具有较好的耐寒性能和抗湿滑性能,较低的滚动阻力。     

用热胀离解探讨炭黑/白炭黑与天然橡胶的作用力

将炭黑DZ 13、N 330和N 660及改性的白炭黑TB2和通用白炭黑填充的天然橡胶(NR)在二甲苯中于不同温度下进行离解,外推其离解温度,并通过傅里叶变换红外光谱和热重分析等手段判断填料与橡胶分子链之间的界面结合强度。结果发现,利用溶剂溶胀法外推出的炭黑DZ 13/NR、炭黑N 330/NR和炭黑N 660/NR的结合胶完全离解温度分别为360,334,220℃,表明炭黑DZ 13与NR的化学结合力较强。虽然白炭黑/NR结合胶的离解曲线与炭黑结合胶有所不同,但其外推的完全离解温度均比炭黑低,说明改性白炭黑随着温度的升高,其表面的改性剂在溶剂中被逐渐溶解,从而造成了橡胶分子链的脱离。     

几种新型补强树脂对NR硫化橡胶性能影响的研究

通过炭黑N330与不同品种、不同用量的树脂并用,研究了几种补强性树脂对天然橡胶的补强效果,获得了不同树脂在NR／N330中的最佳用量;加有少量树脂的硫化橡胶综合性能好于单用炭黑补强的胶料。     

Fracture properties of silica/carbon black-filled natural rubber vulcanizates

Crack growth property of natural rubber (NR) vulcanizate with varying silica/carbon black content was examined. Tensile specimen with edge cut was used for estimating fracture properties. All filled NR specimens showed critical cut-size (C _cr ), which is related to abrupt decrease in tensile strength. Carbon black-filled NR, S0 (Si/N330=0/50) has higher tensile strength than equivalently loaded silica-filled NR vulcanizates, S5 (Si/N330=50/0). When the precut size of specimen was less than critical cut-size, tensile strength of S1 (Si/N330=10/40) composition was the highest and that of S5 was the lowest. The critical cut-size passes through a maximum for S2 (Si/N330=20/30) and then decreases gradually with silica loading. An interesting result was that silica and carbon black-blended compounds gave higher critical cut size than the all-carbon black compounds, S0. The inherent flaw size decreased from 246 μm for S0 to 80 μm for S5 as the silica content increased.     

稀土掺杂高耐磨炭黑填充型粉末NR研究——Ⅰ．硫化胶的物理机械性能

以天然胶(NR)乳为原料，稀土化合物改性高耐磨炭黑N330(N330-Re)为填充隔离剂，用凝聚共沉法制备了稀土掺杂高耐磨炭黑填充型粉末NR[P(NR／N330-Re)]，研究了炭黑乳化剂用量、粉末化温度、硫磺用量、稀土元素的种类及用量、过渡金属Zn的用量、N330-Re的用量等因素对其硫化胶物理机械性能的影响。结果表明，所选用的稀土化合物对高耐磨炭黑N330具有优良的改性效果，从而对P(NR／N330-Re)硫化胶有显著的补强作用，其中以Sm2O3与La2O3改性效果最佳。     

The Fatigue Behaviour of Filled Epoxidized Natural Rubber Compounds

Abstract

The fatigue behaviour of white rice husk ash (WRHA) filled ENR-50 compounds was compared with those of silica (Vulcasil-S) and carbon black (N 330) filled compounds. The effect of WRHA loading on scorch time and Mooney viscosity was also studied. The incorporation of WRHA in ENR-50 compounds reduced the scorch time but increased the Mooney viscosity. The increment in filler loadings has resulted in the reduction of the fatigue fife. The fatigue behaviour of ENR-50 vulcanizates was observed to be strain dependent. At a similar filler loading, silica filled vulcanizates showed the highest fatigue life followed by those of WRHA and carbon black.     

On the potential of organoclay with respect to conventional fillers (carbon black,silica) for epoxidized natural rubber compatibilized natural rubber vulcanizates

Onium modified montmorillonite (organoclay) was compounded with natural rubber (NR) in an internal mixer and cured by using a conventional sulfuric system. Epoxidized natural rubber with 50 mol % epoxidation (ENR 50) in 10 parts per hundred rubber (phr) was used as a compatibilizer in this study. For comparison purposes, two commercial fillers: carbon black (grade N330) and silica (grade vulcasil‐S) were used. Cure characteristics were carried out on a Monsanto MDR2000 Rheometer. Organoclay filled vulcanizate showed the lowest values of torque maximum, torque minimum, scorch, and cure times. The kinetics of cure reaction showed organoclay could behave as a cocuring agent. The mechanical testing of the vulcanizates involved the determination of tensile and tear properties. The improvement of tensile strength, elongation at break, and tear properties in organoclay filled vulcanizate were significantly higher compared to silica and carbon black filled vulcanizates. In terms of reinforcing efficiency (RE), organoclay exhibited the highest stiffness followed by silica and carbon black filled vulcanizates. Scanning electron microscopy revealed that incorporation of various types of fillers has transformed the failure mechanism of the resulting NR vulcanizates compared to the gum vulcanizates. Dynamic mechanical thermal analysis (DMTA) revealed that the stiffness and molecular relaxation of NR vulcanizates are strongly affected by the filler–rubber interactions. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 94: 2438–2445, 2004     

A comparative study of aging characteristics and thermal stability of oil palm ash,silica, and carbon black filled natural rubber vulcanizates

Filler‐filled natural rubber (NR) vulcanizates were prepared by conventional laboratory‐sized two roll mills and cured using sulfuric system. The effect of thermal aging on physical properties and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) of oil palm ash (OPA) and commercial fillers (i.e., silica vulkasil C and carbon black N330)‐filled NR vulcanizates at respective optimum loading and equal loading were studied. Before aging, the OPA‐filled vulcanizates showed comparable optimum strength as carbon black‐filled vulcanizates. The hardening of aged filler‐filled NR vulcanizates happened after aging, thereby tensile strength and elongation at break reduced while the modulus increased. Fifty phr carbon black‐filled vulcanizates showed better retention in tensile properties as compared to silica (10 phr) and OPA (1 phr). This was attributed to the addition of different filler loading and this finding was further explained when equal loading of filler‐filled vulcanizates was studied. Fourier transform infra‐red analysis showed chemical structure had changed and tensile fractured surface exhibited smooth appearance due to the deterioration in tensile properties after aging. TGA also denoted the thermal stability was depending on the amount of filler loading. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 130: 4474–4481, 2013     

Cardanol grafted natural rubber: A green substitute to natural rubber for enhancing silica filler dispersion

Natural rubber (NR) usage is wide‐spread from pencil erasers to aero tyres. Carbon black and silica are the most common reinforcing fillers in the rubber industries. Carbon black enhances the mechanical properties, while silica reduces the rolling resistance and enhances the wet grip characteristics. However, the dispersion of polar silica fillers in the nonpolar hydrocarbon rubbers like natural rubber is a serious issue to be resolved. In recent years, cardanol, an agricultural by‐product of the cashew industry is already established as a multifunctional additive in the rubber. The present study focuses on dispersion of silica filler in natural rubber grafted with cardanol (CGNR) and determination of its technical properties. The optimum cure time reduces and the cure rate increases for the CGNR vulcanizates as compared to that of the NR vulcanizates at all loadings of silica varying from 30 to 60 phr. The interaction between the phenolic moiety of cardanol and the siloxane as well as silanol functional groups present on the silica surface enhances the rubber–filler interaction which leads to better reinforcement. The crosslink density and bound rubber content are found to be higher for the silica reinforced CGNR vulcanizates. The physico‐mechanical properties of the silica reinforced CGNR vulcanizates are superior to those of the NR vulcanizates. The CGNR vulcanizates show lower compression set and lower abrasion loss. The dynamic‐mechanical properties exhibit less Payne effect for silica reinforced CGNR vulcanizates as compared to the NR vulcanizates. The transmission electron photomicrographs show uniform dispersion of silica filler in the CGNR matrix. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2016 , 133, 43057.     

白炭黑/偶联剂补强橡胶的性能研究

研究炭黑N330／白炭黑并用比和偶联荆品种及用量对NR胶料性能的影响。结果表明，硅烷偶联剂Si69对白炭黑的改性效果优于钛酸酯偶联剂；硅烷偶联剂Si69在NR胶料中的最佳用量以补强剂用量的5％～10％为宜；建立的数学模型能较好地拟合炭黑N330／白炭黑并用比和硅烷偶联剂Si69用量与NR胶料各项性能之间的关系。