浙江桂叶油化学成分的GC-MS分析

用水蒸气蒸馏法提取浙江桂叶油,以每100 g样品100 mL水量比例进行水蒸气蒸馏,蒸馏2.5 h后再用酒精浸提3 h,最后得率为1.8%,用GC-MS对其化学成分进行分析,共鉴定出60种成分,鉴定成分占浙江桂叶油成分的98.57%,其中对伞花烃含量最高,为22.1%,桂醛含量较低,只有0.162%,未检出食品中禁用的黄樟油素.浙江桂叶油的主要成分与同属其他植物有较大的差异,因而利用途径不同.     

中国不同产地姜油挥发性成分的对比分析

采用气质联用法（GC—MS）对不同产地（山东、云南、安徽、江苏、新疆）的姜油中的挥发性成分进行分析和比较。采用双柱（DB-1柱和HP—INNOWAX柱）保留指数（RI）辅助定性,气相色谱（GC）面积归一法定量。研究过程中,成功分离分析出醇类、酮类、烯烃类、酯类、醛类、杂环类、芳香类化合物等共计64种成分,其组成成分平均含量最高为姜烯（29．7％）,其它依次为p倍半水芹烯（12．28％）、α-姜黄烯（9．7％）、β-水芹烯＋1．8-桉叶素＋芋烯（7．5％）、γ-杜松烯＋α-金合欢烯（7．0％）、β－红没药烯（6．9％）和莰烯（5．7％）等。对比结果表明,不同产地的姜油含有几乎相同的化学成分,但含量存在差异。     

肖梵天花挥发油的气相色谱-质谱分析

采用水蒸气蒸馏法提取肖梵天花叶中的挥发油,用GC—MS法进行分析鉴定。该挥发油用气相色谱法分离得到37个色谱峰,并且鉴定出其中24种化学成分。肖梵天花挥发油中主要成分为二环[3．2．2]壬-6-烯-3-酮（10．554％）,戊酸癸酯（9．511％）,3,5,5-三甲基2-环己烯酮（8．772％）,3,4,5-三甲基己烯（5743％）等。     

橡胶林下栽培和露地栽培广藿香精油成分的对比研究

以水蒸气蒸馏法提取了橡胶林下栽培和露地栽培的广藿香精油,并利用GC-MS对所产的广藿香精油进行了成分分析,以研究橡胶林下栽培与露地栽培广藿香精油的产量与品质差异。结果表明：橡胶林下栽培广藿香和露地栽培广藿香2种栽培模式下的广藿香精油产量分别为1.77%和2.09%,其主要成分都是δ-愈创木醇、广藿香醇、α-愈创木醇,β-藿香萜烯,α-藿香萜烯等28种挥发性成分,其成分的一致度100.00%,其主要差异为同种组分间的含量差异,其中差异较大的成分有宝丹酮、广藿香醇、δ-愈创木醇、 β-藿香萜烯和α-愈创木醇,差异率从1.18%~4.60%不等。2~3年树龄橡胶林是广藿香适宜栽培环境,其对广藿香精油产量与品质影响较小,在海南橡胶林下推广种植广藿香具有良好的经济效益和生态效益。     

Ethanol-Modified Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Extraction of the Bioactive Lipid Components of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Camelina sativa</Emphasis> Seed

Camelina sativa seed is an underutilized oil source that attracts a growing interest, but it requires more research on its composition and processing. Its high omega‐3 content and growing demand for clean food processing technologies make conventional oil extraction less attractive. In this study, the effect of extraction methods on the bioactive lipid composition of the camelina seed lipid was investigated, and its bioactive lipid composition was modified at the extraction stage using ethanol‐modified supercritical carbon dioxide (SC‐CO₂). Ethanol‐modified SC‐CO₂ extractions were carried out at varying temperatures (50 and 70 °C), pressures (35 and 45 MPa), and ethanol concentrations (0–10%, w/w), and were compared to SC‐CO₂, cold press, and hexane extraction. The highest total lipid yield (37.6%) was at 45 MPa/70 °C/10% (w/w) ethanol. Phospholipids and phenolic content increased significantly with ethanol‐modified SC‐CO₂ (p < 0.05). SC‐CO₂ with 10% (w/w) ethanol concentration selectively increased phosphatidylcholine (PC) content. Apparent solubility of camelina seed lipids in SC‐CO₂, determined using the Chrastil model, ranged from 0.0065 kg oil/kg CO₂ (35 MPa/50 °C) to 0.0133 kg oil/kg CO₂ (45 MPa/70 °C). Ethanol‐modified SC‐CO₂ extraction allowed modification of the lipid composition that was not possible with the conventional extraction methods. This is a promising green method for extraction and fractionation of camelina seed lipids to separate and enrich its bioactives.     

互叶白千层花、果与叶挥发油成分的对比分析

以水蒸气蒸馏法提取互叶白千层花、果、叶三个不同部位的挥发油,采用气相色谱法、气相色谱-质谱联用法分别鉴定了花、果和叶中挥发油的化学成分,并比较互叶白千层不同部位挥发油的主要化学成分及含量差异。分析结果可为互叶白千层花、果研究提供试验依据。     

顶空萃取-气相色谱-质谱法分析风油精中挥发性成分

采用顶空萃取-气相色谱-质谱联用技术分析鉴定风油精中挥发性成分。结果表明：经Nist质谱数据库检索和文献对照,共确定11种成分。其中,主要成分为薄荷脑、樟脑、水杨酸甲酯、桉叶油、丁香酚等。其他成分包括α-蒎烯、β-蒎烯、β-月桂烯等。     

腊梅花不同开放状态的精油成分分析

采用水蒸气蒸馏法提取腊梅花精油,采用气相色谱-质谱联用技术(GC-MS)对精油成分进行分析,研究花蕾、初展、全展3种不同开放状态腊梅花中精油化学成分的变化。结果表明,3种不同状态的腊梅花精油主要成分基本相同,其中,芳樟醇含量随着开放度的增大,含量发生显著变化,并在初展状态达到峰值,质量分数为11.72%,其他主要香气成分的含量变化不大。     

Bioactive Phytochemicals from Wild Arbutus unedo L. Berries from Different Locations in Portugal: Quantification of Lipophilic Components

The lipophilic composition of wild Arbutus unedo L. berries, collected from six locations in Penacova (center of Portugal), as well as some general chemical parameters, namely total soluble solids, pH, titratable acidity, total phenolic content and antioxidant activity was studied in detail to better understand its potential as a source of bioactive compounds. The chemical composition of the lipophilic extracts, focused on the fatty acids, triterpenoids, sterols, long chain aliphatic alcohols and tocopherols, was investigated by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) analysis of the dichloromethane extracts. The lipophilic extractives of the ripe A. unedo berries ranged from 0.72% to 1.66% (w/w of dry weight), and consisted mainly of triterpenoids, fatty acids and sterols. Minor amounts of long chain aliphatic alcohols and tocopherols were also identified. Forty-one compounds were identified and among these, ursolic acid, lupeol, α-amyrin, linoleic and α-linolenic acids, and β-sitosterol were highlighted as the major components. To the best of our knowledge the current research study provides the most detailed phytochemical repository for the lipophilic composition of A. unedo, and offers valuable information for future valuation and exploitation of these berries.     

小蓬草精油活性组分分析

利用气相色谱-质谱法对水蒸气蒸馏提取小蓬草精油的挥发性组分进行了分析,匹配度83%以上的活性组分有5种,其中4种为萜类化合物(柠檬烯、α-佛手柑油烯、顺式-β-金合欢烯、反式-β-金合欢烯)。通过纸上种子发芽的生物测定试验,结果表明,小蓬草精油对受体植物青菜、白菜、小麦、高粱种子萌发具有抑制作用,小蓬草精油对4种受体植物种子萌发具有50%抑制作用的丙酮溶液的适宜浓度IC₅₀分别为0.4、0.6、0.4、0.8 g/L。精油的活性组分主要有柠檬烯等萜类化合物、2,3-二甲基-4(3H)-喹唑啉酮等酮类化合物。     

两种不同提取方法所得莪术油的成分对比分析

利用气相色谱、气相色谱-质谱联用分析技术,对水蒸气蒸馏和超临界CO2萃取两种不同方法提取得到的莪术油化学成分进行分析鉴定,分别从中分离出60余和90余个组分,并确认了其中50多种化学成分,得到鉴定的组分峰面积占总馏出峰面积的90%以上。根据成分鉴定结果,对不同提取方法所得莪术油的主要化学成分进行比较分析。两种不同提取方法获得的莪术油组分不完全相同,含量也不尽相同,但主要化学成分基本一致,超临界CO2萃取的莪术油所含化学成分较多且相对分子质量较大的重组分较多。同时,对不同方法提取的莪术油中莪术醇等主要特征成分,采用薄层色谱、气相色谱、质谱进行分析测定。研究结果可为莪术油的开发与质量控制提供科学依据。     

迷迭香叶油与花油成分的分析与比较

分别提取迷迭香叶与迷迭香花的精油,并用气相色谱和质谱联用技术分析其组成及含量,共识别出30个成分,鉴定出20个。含量测定结果表明花油中α-蒎烯、莰烯、β-蒎烯、α-水芹烯和β-月桂烯等低沸点成分含量分别为 17.58 %、13.19%、1.13%、2.03%、1.02%,比叶油低;而樟脑、龙脑和乙酸龙脑酯等高沸点成分的含量分别为 11.97 %、8.48%、4.29%,比叶油高。     

Effects of Olive Trees Age on the Minor Components of Oueslati Virgin Olive Oils Produced from Olives Harvested at Different Ripening Degrees

Phenolics, volatiles, squalene, tocopherols, and fatty acids of virgin olive oils (VOO) from adult and young olive trees of the Oueslati variety, typically cultivated in the Center of Tunisia, were analyzed at three different harvesting periods. Significant differences in contents of saturated fatty acids (p < 0.05), squalene (p < 0.05), alpha-tocopherol and total tocopherol (p < 0.02) and oxidized form of decarboxymethyl oleuropein aglycon (p < 0.05) were seen between VOO from adult and young trees during maturation. Moreover, the volatile profiles of VOO from adult and young trees showed significant differences in the amounts of hexanal, 1-penten-3-ol (p < 0.05), (Z)-3-hexenal and (Z)-2-penten-1-ol (p < 0.01). Principal component analysis showed that olives from adult trees should be harvested at the cherry stage of maturation to obtain a satisfactory level of oil quality, while olives from young trees should be harvested at the black maturation stage.     

葡萄酒中风味组分不同定量分析方法的对比研究

该文研究对比了减压蒸馏-GC,活性炭吸附-GC以及顶空-GC 3种方法定量分析测定葡萄酒中具体风味组分的优缺点.实验结果表明,活性炭吸附-GC法适合测定葡萄酒中的乙醛、正丁醇和甘油;减压蒸馏-GC和活性炭吸附-GC法利于分析测定葡萄酒中正丙醇、异戊醇;顶空-GC法测定乙酸乙酯、乳酸乙酯和甲醇,简单快捷;减压蒸馏-GC定量检测乙酸较为准确;而异丁醇由于沸点、黏度适中,3种方法均可以采用.     

农作物秸秆快速热解生物油主要成分分析

采用自行研发的真空快速热解反应平台对棉秆、玉米秸秆和稻草秆进行了快速热解,并用气质联用(GC-MS)分析法分别对3种秸秆快速热解液相产物的化学组分进行了测定。实验结果表明:棉秆、玉米秸秆和稻草秆3种热解油中酚类GC含量分别为24.34%、21.21%和17.22%,酸类GC含量分别为14.78%、13.95%和16.69%;不同种类秸秆其热解液化产物在组分及含量上存在一定差别,但其成分均以苯酚类、醛类、酮类、有机酸类等化合物为主,且含量差异不大,其中玉米秸秆和棉秆各类化合物含量差异相对较小,因此,生产中可以将成分类似却不同种类的原料混合热解。     

Comparative Study of Essential Oils Extracted from Algerian Myrtus communis L. Leaves Using Microwaves and Hydrodistillation

Two different extraction methods were used for a comparative study of Algerian Myrtle leaf essential oils: solvent-free-microwave-extraction (SFME) and conventional hydrodistillation (HD). Essential oils analyzed by GC and GC-MS presented 51 components constituting 97.71 and 97.39% of the total oils, respectively. Solvent-Free-Microwave-Extract Essential oils SFME-EO were richer in oxygenated compounds. Their major compounds were 1,8-cineole, followed by α-pinene as against α-pinene, followed by 1,8-cineole for HD. Their antimicrobial activity was investigated on 12 microorganisms. The antioxidant activities were studied with the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH^•) radical scavenging method. Generally, both essential oils showed high antimicrobial and weak antioxidant activities. Microstructure analyses were also undertaken on the solid residue of myrtle leaves by Scanning Electronic Microscopy (SEM); it showed that the SFME-cellular structure undergoes significant modifications compared to the conventional HD residual solid. Comparison between hydrodistillation and SFME presented numerous distinctions. Several advantages with SFME were observed: faster kinetics and higher efficiency with similar yields: 0.32% dry basis, in 30 min as against 180 min for HD.     

鲜、干品红丝线叶挥发油化学成分的GC - MS分析

采用水蒸气蒸馏法分别得到新鲜和干燥红丝线叶挥发油,并结合GC-MS对所得样品的化学成分进行了分析和鉴定,用气相色谱峰面积归一化法测定各组分的相对质量分数。结果显示,从鲜叶挥发油中鉴定出32种成分,占挥发油总峰面积的98.81%,主要成分是反式植醇(43.29%)、橙花叔醇(7.07%)、石竹烯(4.91%)、亚麻酸甲酯(3.81%)和植酮(3.74%)等;从干叶挥发油中鉴定出42种成分,占挥发油总峰面积的96.23%,反式植醇(33.50%)、橙花叔醇(7.75%)、石竹烯(5.14%)、1-辛烯-3-醇(7.20%)、植酮(4.45%)和樟脑(4.07%)等为主要成分。两者的共有成分有23种,其他化学成分及其相对质量分数存在一定差异。     

海南红厚壳花浸膏、精油的提取及化学成分分析

分别用水蒸气蒸馏法、溶剂法以及CO2超临界萃取法,对海南红厚壳鲜花进行精油、浸膏提取。3种不同提取方法的得油率分别为0.059%、0.33%、0.20%。用GC-MS技术对其进行了化学成分分析鉴定,并比较不同提取方法所得产物化学成分的异同。水蒸气蒸馏法所得精油共鉴定出25种化合物,主要成分为w(大根香叶烯)=22.62%、w(反式-石竹烯)=12.03%、w(β-倍半水芹烯)=19.00%;石油醚浸提所得浸膏鉴定出25种化合物,主要成分为w(大根香叶烯)=21.24%、w(β-倍半水芹烯)=9.07%、w(高香叶烯)=5.69%;超临界CO2萃取所得浸膏鉴定出19种化合物,主要成分为w(大根香叶烯-D)=17.70%、w(反式-石竹烯)=15.43%、w(16-贝壳松烯)=11.55%、w(α-柯拜烯)=10.62%。     

素心蜡梅和红心蜡梅鲜花挥发油成分分析

用同时蒸馏萃取法(SDE)提取了素心蜡梅和红心蜡梅鲜花的挥发油,用气相色谱-质谱(GC-MS)联用技术对其挥发油的化学成分进行了分析鉴定。从素心蜡梅挥发油中鉴定出38种化学成分,占挥发油色谱总峰面积的92.214%;红心蜡梅中鉴定出42种化学成分,占挥发油色谱总峰面积的93.689%。素心蜡梅挥发油中相对质量分数较高的成分是z-木罗烯(18.128%)、z-榄香烯(13.640%)、L-乙酸龙脑酯(8.577%)、tau-杜松醇(7.771%)、β-荜澄茄烯(6.588%)等;红心蜡梅挥发油中相对质量分数较高的是榄香醇(16.171%)、z-榄香烯(12.758%)、β-荜澄茄烯(11.501%)、tau-杜松醇(4.649%)、石竹烯(3.947%)等。     

地笋中挥发油化学成分的气相色谱-质谱分析

为了分析地笋(Rhezoma Lycopi)挥发油的化学成分,用药典方法提取地笋挥发油,用毛细管气相色谱-质谱(GC-MS)获得其总离子流图,对各个色谱峰进行了定性,并用面积归一化法获得各化合物的相对质量分数,共鉴定了57个化合物,占总挥发油质量的87.12%。酯类为地笋挥发油的主要成分,占总挥发油质量的49.82%,其中邻苯二甲酸二丁酯质量分数最高,为20.19%。该文较系统地分析鉴定了地笋挥发油成分,为其化学成分的研究提供了参数。