Preparation and characterization of silicone oil modified polyurethane damping materials

A series of polyurethane (PU) composites, which could be used as damping materials, with different contents of hydroxyl silicone oil were successfully prepared in this study. The damping and mechanical properties, thermal stability, and molecular groups of the PU composites were characterized by dynamic mechanical analysis, electronic tensile analysis, thermogravimetric analysis, and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, respectively. The surface morphology was also observed via scanning electron microscopy (SEM). FTIR spectroscopy showed that the hydroxyl silicone oil was embedded in the PU. The soft and hard segments of the PU composites appeared thermodynamically incompatible and showed microphase separation, as shown by the SEM pictures. The PU composite with 8% hydroxyl silicone oil was found to possess the best synthetic properties among these composites. The maximum values of tan δ were 0.376, 0.561, and 0.573 at 1, 10, and 20 Hz, respectively. The temperature range for the use of damping materials becomes wider at 1 Hz. Frequencies of 10 and 20 Hz might suitable surroundings for the application of damping materials. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019 , 136, 47579.     

有机硅改性聚氨酯的合成与性能

在无溶剂条件下利用烷氧基硅烷合成了有机硅低聚物,用聚酯多元醇对其进行了改性。采用了红 外光谱对低聚物进行了表征,同时测试了材料的粘接性能、力学性能、耐水性、耐热性。结果表明,改性后的聚 氨酯具有优良的耐水性、耐热性。     

The effect of component addition order on the properties of epoxy resin/polyurethane resin interpenetrating polymer network structure

Epoxy resin (ER) is one of the most important synthetic resins, but it has the disadvantage of lacking impact resistance. However, it can be improved by mixing with polyurethane resin (PU). In this study, Epon 828, triethylenetetramine (TETA), polytetramethylene ether glycol (PTMG), isophorone diisocyanate (IPDI), and dibutyltin dilaurate (DBTDL) were used as raw materials to prepare ER/PU interpenetrating polymer network structures (IPNs) by three different blending processes. The results showed the reactivity between TETA and IPDI were greater than that between TETA and ER. When ER/TETA/PTMG/IPDI/DBTDL were mixed at the same time, or ER and PU resins were prepared separately and then mixed, the ER/PU composites produced had a phase separation inside the structure. The most appropriate blending method was to mix ER with PTMG, IPDI, DBTDL first, and then add TETA after 10 min. The composite formed had a uniform appearance, and had better physical, mechanical, and thermal properties than the others did.     

有机硅偶联剂改性水性聚氨酯的合成

采用预聚体——封端混合法,用2,4-甲苯二异氰酸酯（TDI）与聚醚多元醇（PEG-1000）进行预聚反应,同时用有机硅偶联剂（A-110）对聚氨酯改性。探讨改性工艺条件对水性聚氨酯性能的影响。     

Effect of storage time on the characteristics of a waterborne polyurethane/tetraethoxysilane mixture and the properties of prepared films

Waterborne polyurethane (WPU) is one of the most important resins. The properties of WPU can be modified by introducing inorganic components. Tetraethoxysilane (TEOS) is a precursor for preparing inorganic polymers and can be used to prepare WPU/silica hybrids. In this study, WPU dispersion was synthesized by reacting polytetramethylene ether glycol and dimethylolpropionic acid with isophorone diisocyanate, followed by chain extension with ethylenediamine. After mixing WPU with TEOS, the mixture was sealed and stored at room temperature for different lengths of times. The influence of time on the characteristics of the WPU/TEOS mixture and the properties of films were investigated. The results showed that the viscosity, surface tension and average particle size of the mixture increased with prolonged storage time. ²⁹Si-NMR analysis indicated that the structure of silica exists in the WPU film. DSC, DMA and TGA results showed that WPU/silica films made from the mixture have less thermal activity, higher storage modulus, lower damping peak heights and better heat resistance after relatively long storage times.     

三嗪基含氟扩链剂改性水性聚氨酯的合成

利用三聚氰氯（CC）、八氟戊醇（OFP）和乙醇胺（MEA）间的反应先合成了三嗪基含氟扩链剂CC-F，在此基础上制备出系列三嗪基含氟扩链剂改性水性聚氨酯CC-FPUF。利用FTIR和1HNMR对其结构进行表征，并用DLS、XRD、XPS、SEM、WCA和电子万能试验机探究了CC-FPUF制备中所用CC-F的含量(以CC-F、IPDI、CMA-1044、DMPA、S104、TMP和TEA的总质量为基准，下同）对CC-FPUF的乳液粒径、聚合物形态、胶膜形貌、表面元素组成、疏水性能和力学性能的影响。结果表明，随着CC-F含量的增加，CC-FPUF的乳液粒径、胶膜疏水性能和胶膜拉伸强度均有所增加。当CC-F的含量达到8%（CC-FPUF-8）时，胶膜的水接触角最高达到125.8°，相比不含氟的水性聚氨酯（PU）和CC-FPUF-0（CC-F的含量为0）分别增加了60.9°和34.1°；此时胶膜的拉伸强度最大，相比CC-FPUF-0增加了24.47 MPa。胶膜CC-FPUF-8表现出优异的疏水性能和良好的力学性能。     

有机硅改性封端型水性聚氨酯的合成

通过在封端型水性聚氨酯中引入有机硅单体（A-110）,合成了有机硅水性聚氨酯（WBPSU）;讨论了羟基聚醚类型、有机硅含量、改性温度和时间等因素对分散体耐水性和成膜性的影响,并将其应用于棉织物的防皱整理,评定了整理效果。     

复合改性水性聚氨酯乳液的合成及表征

以甲苯二异氰酸酯(TD I)、聚醚二元醇(N220)、1,4-丁二醇(BDO)和二羟甲基丙酸(DMPA)为原料,采用丙酮法合成了水性聚氨酯(WPU)分散体。在此基础上,采用三羟甲基丙烷(TMP)对其进行了交联改性并通过环氧树脂和丙烯酸酯对其进行共聚改性,制得了以丙烯酸酯为核,聚氨酯为壳的核壳交联型水性聚氨酯分散体。通过乳液粒度、黏度和涂膜的耐水性和硬度、接触角等分析以及透射电镜观测研究了二羟甲基丙酸(DM-PA)、TMP、环氧树脂以及MMA用量对水性聚氨酯涂膜耐水性等性能的影响,确定了最佳物料配比。结果表明,当DMPA、E-20、TMP和MMA在聚氨酯水性分散体中的质量分数分别为7.5%、6%、1%和20%时,合成的水性聚氨酯乳液平均粒径80 nm,黏度适中,胶膜的物理力学性能较好,耐水性提高。     

氨基硅油微乳液改性水性聚氨酯的合成和性能

合成了水性聚氨酯乳液和氨基硅油(AEAPS)微乳液改性水性聚氨酯乳液,研究了两种水性聚氨酯的性能及在织物上的涂层效果。结果表明,当氨基硅油相对于聚丙二醇的质量百分比为8.18%时,有机硅改性水性聚氨酯乳液的离心稳定性好,乳液胶膜表面硅原子的质量分数为0.92%;该有机硅改性水性聚氨酯软段相与硬段相的微观相分离增大,乳液胶膜的耐水性能和热稳定性提高;该有机硅改性水性聚氨酯乳液作为织物涂层剂时,可以赋予织物柔软、滑爽的风格。     

支化型水性聚氨酯胶黏剂的合成及性能

采用异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯(IPDI)、聚四氢呋喃醚二醇2000(PTMG2000)为原料,二月桂酸二丁基锡、1,4-丁二醇和2,2-二羟甲基丙酸分别为催化剂、小分子扩链剂和亲水单体,制得水性聚氨酯预聚体(PPU);接着以丙烯酸甲酯、二乙醇胺和三羟甲基丙烷为原料合成了超支化聚(胺-酯)(HPAE);最后制备出不同HPAE含...     

一种含磷自修复水性聚氨酯的合成及性能

采用异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯（IPDI）和聚丙二醇（PPG）为原料,通过前扩链的方式将二羟乙基二硫化物（HEDS）引入到水性聚氨酯（WPU）分子链中,并用含磷阻燃剂OP550进行阻燃改性,成功制备了兼具阻燃和自修复两种特殊功能的水性聚氨酯（OHWPU）,研究了阻燃剂OP550对本征型自修复水性聚氨酯的性能影响。结果表明,OP550含量为20%时制备的OHWPU（OHWPU-20%）极限氧指数达到29.0%,相比HWPU提高了7.4%;在80 ℃,修复时间为3 h的条件下,OHWPU-20%的拉伸强度为4.71 MPa,损伤后的自修复效率达到107.9%。     

原料及合成工艺对水性聚氨酯性能的影响

用不同聚醚以及不同的合成工艺制备了性能不同的水性聚氨酯乳液,研究了原料以及合成工艺对乳液和胶膜性能的影响。结果表明:用四氢呋喃-氧化丙烯共聚二醇制备的WPU性能比用聚氧化丙烯二醇制备的WPU的综合力学性能好,并且在分散的同时进行中和以及分散时将水加入到预聚体中进行乳化所得到的乳液比较稳定,而且两步法较一步法制的乳液分散性好,但胶膜力学性能方面,一步法好。     

KH-550改性水性聚氨酯丙烯酸酯及其表征

采用盐化和扩链2种方法,使用KH-550对水性聚氨酯丙烯酸酯进行改性,经过离心稳定性分析和激光粒径分析,证明扩链方式改性的产物具有较好的稳定性。对改性产物进行吸水率测定、接触角分析和TG分析。结果表明,使用KH-550改性的水性聚氨酯丙烯酸酯可以一定程度提高涂层的耐水性和耐热性。     

Preparation and characterization of the waterborne polyurethane modified with nanosilica

The nano-SiO₂ is used to modify the waterborne polyurethane, and the morphology and performance of the waterborne polyurethane (are studied in) prepared by the in-suit polymerization method and the blending method. The properties and structure have been characterized by fourier transform infrared spectra (IR), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), Thermal gravimetric (TG), transmittance electron microscopy (TEM) and Dynamical Mechanical Analysis(DMA). The experiment results show that, compared with the blending method, the in-suit polymerization has more advantages in that the nano-SiO₂ is evenly dispersed in the waterborne polyurethane, obviously in microphase separation and better in resistance to high temperature and water.     

耐水性水性聚氨酯合成工艺研究

选用聚醚多元醇与聚酯多元醇进行复配,制得耐水性较好的WPU。以DMBA作为亲水扩链剂,探讨了DMBA加入方式以及聚氨酯自乳化方法对水性聚氨酯外观、稳定性、成膜性能的影响。     

Practical two-step chain extension method to prepare sulfonated waterborne polyurethanes based on aliphatic diamine sulphonate

We reported a novel synthesis route to fabricate sulfonated aliphatic waterborne polyurethane dispersions (SWPU) only based on 2-[(2-aminoethyl) amino] ethane sulphonate sodium (AAS-Na) by two-step chain extension method with the assistance of acetone and water cosolvent. When AAS-Na was added, only less than 50% of AAS-Na was incorporated into polyurethane chain in the first-step chain extension and the residual AAS-Na formed molecular aggregates which were insoluble in acetone due to the high polarity of AAS-Na. Subsequently, the mixture of acetone and water was added, the residual AAS-Na aggregates dissolved, undertaking the further second-step chain extension reaction, and the ultimate reaction conversion of AAS-Na rose to more than 90%. The mechanism for acetone and water cosolvent to affect the preparation of SWPU dispersions was studied, as well as the water resistance, mechanical properties and hydrolysis resistance of as-prepared SWPU dispersions. With the decrease of AAS-Na content from 2.0% to 1.2%, the peak area of the melting peaks for SWPU films increased, as well as the water resistance. And the as-prepared polyester SWPU exhibited good hydrolytic stability.     

Synthesis and adhesion properties of waterborne polyurethane dispersions with long‐branched aliphatic chains

In this study, a series of waterborne polyurethanes (WPUs) with different contents of long‐branched aliphatic chains were synthesized through variation of the amount of diol chain extender trimethylol propane monooleate (TMPM). The effects of the TMPM content on the adhesion properties of the WPUs were investigated in terms of their surface tension, interfacial tension, contact angle, and adhesion strength. Fourier transform infrared and ¹H‐NMR spectra demonstrated the successful incorporation of TMPM into the polyurethanes. An increase in the TMPM content produced decreases in the surface tension of the WPUs and the interfacial tension and contact angle between the WPUs and plastic films. This indicated that the wetting properties of the WPUs on the plastic films was improved. The improved wettability enhanced the adhesion strength of the WPUs, and this showed that the long‐branched aliphatic chains could effectively improve the adhesion performance of the WPUs on the plastic films. Moreover, TMPM, with its hydrophobic aliphatic chains, increased the hydrophobicity and thermal stability of the WPU films. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2015 , 132, 41688.     

Mussel-inspired synthesis of silver nanoparticles as fillers for preparing waterborne polyurethane/Ag nanocomposites with excellent mechanical and antibacterial properties

Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) were synthesized by a facile, mild and green method using dopamine as a reducing and stabilizing agent and were introduced to waterborne polyurethane (WPU) via an in situ emulsification method to prepare antibacterial nanocomposite films. The formation of AgNPs was characterized by UV–visible spectroscopy and XRD. The dispersion of AgNPs was confirmed by TEM and the thermal stability of WPU/Ag nanocomposites was confirmed by TGA. The results showed that AgNPs were uniformly dispersed in the WPU matrix. The introduction of AgNPs significantly improved the thermal stability of WPU films. With incorporation of 0.1 wt% AgNPs, a five-fold increase in the tensile strength was achieved without sacrificing the ultimate strain. The WPU/Ag nanocomposite films showed antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. © 2021 Society of Industrial Chemistry.     

水性聚氨酯的合成及研究

采用丙酮回流法合成水性聚氨酯。发现,在1,4-丁二醇（BDO）质量分数为5％-15％时,乳化状况较好;二羟甲基丙酸（DMPA）质量分数为5％-7％时,较易乳化;丙酮质量分数为50％时,可得到均匀稳定的浊液。同时,考察了成盐剂三乙胺和丁胺对乳液的影响,以三乙胺（TEA）为成盐剂时乳化效果较好。