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1.
纤维素氨基甲酸酯(CC)是一种再生纤维素产品,被视为黏胶工艺中纤维素磺酸酯最有潜力的替代产品。对CC的发展过程、研究现状、合成方法和应用性能进行介绍,对酯化反应中所使用的纤维素溶剂进行分类和总结,并详细介绍离子液体作为无副产物纤维素溶剂的研究进展。  相似文献   

2.
利用氨基甲酸酯法制备了再生纤维素膜。采用红外、X射线衍射、扫描电子显微镜等分析方法,对纤维素氨基甲酸酯再生膜(CC再生膜)的性能及结构进行表征。分析了凝固浴浓度和铸膜液浓度分别对CC再生膜的机械性能的影响。结果表明,再生膜为典型的C-II型结晶,结晶度有所降低。CC再生膜表面和断面结构致密、均匀,制备的CC再生膜物理机械性能良好。  相似文献   

3.
醋酸纤维素氨基甲酸酯的合成及其膜性能的研究   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
研究了用甲苯二异氰酸酯对醋酸纤维素进行改性,合成醋酸纤维素氨基甲酸酯,以增强高聚物的物理性能和耐菌性能。探讨了反应时间、原料配比、反应温度、催化剂用量及产物分离用溶剂等因素对此高聚物材料合成的影响。对醋酸纤维素苯基氨基甲酸酯铸成的反渗透膜的水通量、脱盐率、耐水解和耐微生物的稳定性能的测试表明,经改性的醋酸纤维素膜具有较好的上述性能,是一种良好的膜材料。  相似文献   

4.
    
Sterilization of devices is important in hospitals, operating theaters, and emergency rooms. Microdialysis allows in vivo sampling of small molecules and is used for clinical studies. Microdialysis probes are made of soft, flexible, and porous polymeric membranes. They have been traditionally disinfected using either ethanol (which fails to eliminate all microbes and does not satisfy regulatory requirements) or ethylene oxide gas and gamma irradiation (that are expensive and resource-intensive). In this work, three methods for microdialysis probe-sterilization were studied—autoclave and two chemicals (commercially available sterilization solutions): Sporox II and MetriCide. Following sterilization, the regenerated cellulose membranes were characterized under scanning electron microscopy and by measuring the changes in pore characteristics using nitrogen sorption. To determine the effect of sterilization on analyte diffusion through the membrane, microdialysis probes were fabricated, sterilized, and tested with two analytes; ethanol and dopamine. The autoclaved membranes suffered thermomechanical damage and were deemed unfit for further testing. Probes sterilized with the chemical solutions were subsequently characterized by in vitro microdialysis experiments performed under regulated mass flux conditions. It is concluded that autoclaving is not a suitable sterilization technique for the cellulose membranes, while both of the chemical sterilizers were found to be good candidates for sterilization.  相似文献   

5.
海绵因具有蓬松度好、质地柔软、吸水性好等优点而得以广泛应用。但目前市面上的聚氨酯海绵,不仅原料紧缺,制备过程有污染物产生,而且废弃后难降解,会产生二次污染。为开发可自然降解的纤维素海绵无污染制备工艺,研究了采用纤维素氨基甲酸酯法制备纤维素海绵的工艺。结果表明:由纤维素氨基甲酸酯的氢氧化钠溶液捏合而成的海绵混合体经蒸煮,纤维素再生,成孔剂溶于水中而留下空隙,所得纤维素海绵孔径均一,表面光滑平整,具有较好的柔韧性和黏弹性,完全具有普通聚氨酯海绵的基本特征。  相似文献   

6.
利用尿素对醋酸纤维素(CA)进行浸泡预处理,然后移入邻二甲苯惰性体系中进行反应。探讨合成过程中的影响因素,结果表明:预处理过程中尿素的质量分数为25%,预处理温度55℃,预处理时间5h,反应时间3.5h时,所得醋酸纤维素氨基甲酸酯(CAC)的取代度可达到0.1。FT-IR表征证明成功合成了CAC。用制备的CAC进行铸膜,CAC膜的拉伸强度及水通量要优于CA膜,并且随着取代度的提高,CAC膜的拉伸强度及水通量呈上升趋势。  相似文献   

7.
探讨了尿素嵌入法制备纤维素氨基甲酸酯(CC)的生产工艺。指出:选用聚合度为450~625、α-纤维素含量大于90/的纤维素浆粕,用14/~16/的氢氧化钠溶液,于40~50℃条件下活化处理30~40min后,与尿素以1∶2~3的比例混合,在137℃的二甲苯体系中反应2~3h,便可得到含氮量为2.4/~3.5/的纤维素氨基甲酸酯产物。该产物在氢氧化钠溶液中可形成良好的稳定溶液,过滤性好,可直接用于纺丝。  相似文献   

8.
使用平均聚合度为548的蔗渣浆粕和尿素为原料,在二甲苯溶剂中,探讨各种工艺条件对产物氮含量的影响,制备了溶解性和稳定性较好的蔗渣纤维素氨基甲酸酯。产物用红外光谱和热重曲线进行结构和热性质分析,结果表明,蔗渣纤维素在羟基上发生了衍生化反应,引入了"-CONH2"基团;与原料蔗渣浆粕相比,在热裂解前蔗渣纤维素氨基甲酸酯存在更明显的小分子的热分解现象。  相似文献   

9.
    
BACKGROUND: Currently, cellulose membranes are prepared by cellulose acetate hydrolysis or chemical derivatization dissolution and regeneration using cotton pulp or wood pulp. In this study, the concept ‘lignocelluloses biorefinery’ was used, and good quality long fiber was fractionated from wheat straw using clean technologies. The objective of this study is to develop wheat straw cellulose to prepare regenerated cellulose membrane with ionic liquid 1‐butyl‐3‐methylimidazolium chloride ([BMIM]Cl) as solvent. RESULTS: Wheat straw cellulose (WSC) fractionated from wheat straw contained 93.6% α‐cellulose and the degree of polymerization (DP) was 580. WSC was dissolved directly without derivatization in [BMIM]Cl. With increase in dissolving temperature, the DP of the regenerated cellulose dropped, which resulted in a decrease in the intensity of regenerated cellulose membrane. After regeneration in [BMIM]Cl, the WSC transformed from cellulose I to cellulose II, and the crystallinity of the regenerated cellulose was lower than the original cellulose. The regenerated WSC membrane had good mechanical performance and permeability, the tensile strength and breaking elongation were 170 MPa and 6.4%, respectively, the pure water flux was 238.9 L m?2 h?1 at 0.3 MPa pressure, and the rejection of BSA was stabilized at about 97%. CONCLUSION: Wheat straw cellulose fractionated from wheat straw satisfied the requirement to prepare regenerated cellulose membrane using ionic liquid [BMIM]Cl as solvent. Copyright © 2012 Society of Chemical Industry  相似文献   

10.
    
Regenerated cellulose forms a very important class of basic material with diverse applications because of its hydrophilicity and insolubility in water. Thus, one of the applications of regenerated cellulose is used to fabricate membranes. However, short operational lifetime is one of the disadvantages of the regenerated cellulose. In this research, surface modification of the cellophane membrane was carried out by silver nanoclusters. Silver colloids were formed in situ by chemical and photochemical reduction, and then, silver particles were deposited uniformly onto the surface of the cellophane membrane. The maximum amount of silver deposition was found to be 2.55% by weight in this modification. The modified and unmodified membranes were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and energy-dispersive X-ray analysis to indicate silver nanocrystalline cluster particles on the modified membrane. SEM images indicate well-dispersed silver particles with an average size of 0.65 μm on the membrane. XRD patterns showed that the size of the silver crystals was 3.9 nm. The surface properties of modified and unmodified membranes were studied by the contact angle. Water absorption, oxidative resistance, salt permeability, and thermal stability were investigated. This study revealed that the modified membrane is more resistant against the oxidative cleavage than the unmodified one moreover, the salt permeability increased after the treatment. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2020 , 137, 48292.  相似文献   

11.
以纤维素浆粕及尿素为原料,在二甲苯体系中于135~140℃反应制取纤维素氨基甲酸酯。通过实验考察了各种工艺参数,结果显示:当原料活化用氢氧化钠溶液浓度为14%~16%,活化温度为40~50℃,活化时间为30~40 min,尿素与纤维素的质量比为2~3︰1,合成反应时间为2~3h时,产品纤维素氨基甲酸酯可在氢氧化钠溶液中形成良好的稳定的溶液且具有良好的过滤性和可纺性。  相似文献   

12.
将纤维素溶解在质量比为7/12/81的LiOH/尿素/去离子水体系中得到透明纤维素溶液,利用溶胶-凝胶转相法,以上述纤维素溶液为原料,制备得到再生纤维素微球.通过扫描显微镜、氮气吸附-脱附测试表征再生纤维素微球的结构与形貌,结果表明其具有多孔结构.研究了HLB值、乳化时间、乳化温度、纤维素溶液的质量分数等因素对制备再生纤维素微球的影响,发现最佳实验条件为:司盘80和吐温80的质量比3.0,即HLB值7;乳化时间3 h;乳化温度15℃;纤维素溶液的质量分数4.3%.  相似文献   

13.
纤维素氨基甲酸酯的制备与结构研究   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
经过活化后的纤维素和尿素在高温下反应生成纤维素氨基甲酸酯,利用傅立叶红外光谱(FTIR)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、差示扫描量热仪(DSC)等方法测定了制备的纤维素氨基甲酸酯的结构。  相似文献   

14.
纤维素氨基甲酸酯的合成研究   总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5  
以微晶纤维素和尿素为原料 ,二甲苯为溶剂合成了纤维素氨基甲酸酯。考察各种影响因素 ,得到优化的反应条件为 :微晶纤维素在质量分数为 2 0 %的氢氧化钠水溶液中预处理 4~ 6h ,尿素与微晶纤维素质量比为 ( 3~ 4)∶1,反应温度为 137℃ ,反应时间为 4h。元素分析测得产品氮的质量分数约为 8%  相似文献   

15.
研究了制备纤维素纤维的新型原料——纤维素氨基甲酸酯(CC)溶液的制备工艺及其稳定性。结果表明:在-5~10℃条件下,用聚合度为350~612的纤维素浆粕(棉浆粕、木浆粕)合成的氮含量(酯化度)为2.34%~3.56%的CC能很好地溶解在质量百分比浓度为8%~11%的NaOH溶液中,形成淡黄色透明溶液,该溶液稳定性良好,可用于纺丝。另外,尿素、AlCl3及ZnCl2在一定范围内对CC有助溶作用。  相似文献   

16.
功能性再生纤维素复合膜的制备及性能研究进展   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
纤维素是自然界中储量最大的天然高分子化合物,被认为是未来能源和化工的主要原料。然而,天然纤维素聚合度高、结晶度高的特性,使其难以溶于常规溶剂,极大限制了纤维素的应用。近年来,人们发现了多种新型纤维素溶剂体系,本文简要介绍了基于新型纤维素溶剂体系制备而来的再生纤维素膜以及一系列功能性再生纤维素基有机/无机复合膜材料。通过新型纤维素溶剂体系溶解再生得到的再生纤维素基复合膜在多孔性、热稳定性、强度等性能方面得到一定程度的改善,有望应用于包装、污水处理、传感器、生物医学等领域。本文基于再生纤维素膜及其复合膜材料的最新研究进展,对今后发展的热点方向进行了展望,旨在为纤维素溶解和功能性再生纤维素新材料的开发提供参考。  相似文献   

17.
《分离科学与技术》2012,47(12):1921-1926
The effect of air sparging on mass transfer of a mixture of two heavy metals ions (Cu and Ni) was studied in dialysis cells by measuring the conductivity of dialysate solution. The variables studied were the air velocity and heavy metal ion concentrations ranging between 300 mg L?1 and 1000 mg L?1. A mass transfer equation was derived to represent an overall mass transfer coefficient for ion mixture. The presence of gas enhanced the rate of mass transfer by increasing the overall mass transfer coefficient. Also, an equation was developed for the transfer of ionic mixture that agreed with the previous studies on mass and heat transfer in the bubble stirred systems. The increase in mass transfer coefficient ranged from 83.4-196% for the mixture of two heavy metal ions above the natural convection value depending on the experimental conditions. Overall, a new model was developed for mass transfer in Binary solution for industrial purposes. The novelty of this process is that it was applied for the removal of heavy metal ions from wastewaters as compared to other different types of salt solutions.  相似文献   

18.
细菌纤维素再生前后结构与性质上的差异   总被引:2,自引:1,他引:1  
对比研究了细菌纤维素和再生细菌纤维素的结构与性质上的差异,揭示了细菌纤维素在氯化锂(LiCl)/二甲基乙酰胺(DMAc)溶剂体系下溶解,经水浴凝固再生前后的形貌、大分子结构、晶型及尺寸、物理机械性能、含水保湿性上的变化,为再生细菌纤维素的应用提供理论依据。  相似文献   

19.
The melt spinning of two thermotropic cellulose derivatives—trimethyl silyl cellulose and phenyl acetoxy cellulose—is described in this article. Removal of the substituents was facile, rapid, and essentially complete. Both the melt‐spun and regenerated fibers had banded textures typical of fibers spun from a liquid crystalline phase. The regenerated cellulose fibers had high strengths and moduli compared to viscose rayon and Lyocel cellulose fibers. © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 77: 418–423, 2000  相似文献   

20.
    
Cornhusk cellulose was regenerated using the ionic liquids viz., 1‐allyl‐3‐methylimidazolium chloride (AmimCl) and 1‐ethyl‐3‐methylimidazolium acetate (EmimAc). The cast cellulose films were characterized by FTIR, WAXD and SEM techniques. Their mechanical properties were also studied. These studies indicated that AmimCl and EmimAc are good solvents for the regeneration of cornhusk cellulose. The regenerated cornhusk cellulose (RCC) was found to be cellulose (II) with dense structure. The films cast from AmimCl exhibited good mechanical properties; the tensile modulus and strength were as high as 6 GPa and 120 MPa respectively, whereas these values for those films cast using EmimAc were found to be 4.1 GPa and 47 MPa respectively. Further, it was observed that after regeneration, the solvents could be effectively recycled. Thus a novel nonpolluting process of forming RCC films from agricultural waste was developed. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2010  相似文献   

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