Electrospun composite membranes in multiscale structures are developed for bone tissue engineering. Aligned polycaprolactone (PCL) fibers entrapping CA‐HAp microparticles (containing CaCO3, hydroxyapatite, and casein in a hierarchical organization) are electrospun to find whether synergistic effects of fiber alignment and CA‐HAp microparticles on improving osteogenic differentiation can be obtained. CA‐HAp microparticles are in a spherical morphology of 1.42 ± 0.26 µm. Their presence increases fiber diameter and does not significantly affect fiber alignment. On all membranes, adipose derived stem cells (ADSCs) from humans spread very well. On a random group, cells distribute randomly and the presence of CA‐HAp microparticles facilitates cell proliferation, especially for the one at CA‐HAp/PCL 50 wt%; the one at CA‐HAp/PCL 20 wt% shows significantly much higher alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity (112.0% higher) than the pure PCL membrane. On aligned samples, cells align along fibers and expression of ALP is enhanced. However, at the same composition (CA‐HAp/PCL 20 wt%), the random sample has much higher ALP activity than the aligned sample. The expressions of osteogenic marker genes are also evaluated. Combining the results and the applicability of membranes together, the random membrane at CA‐HAp/PCL 20 wt% is the best candidate for bone tissue engineering. 相似文献
Our objective was to determine and optimize the significant parameters affecting mechanical properties and mean fiber diameter (MFD) of a novel GTR/GBR membrane composed of polycaprolactone (PCL) and chicken eggshell membrane (ESM). For this, we prepared electrospun membrane specimens (n = 16) with varying concentrations of PCL, ESM, nano-hydroxyapatite (HAp), and altered electrospinning parameters as generated by DOE++ software. After the determination of MFD and mechanical properties for all specimens, Taguchi orthogonal array L8 design was used to screen significant factors affecting the MFD and mechanical properties. PCL wt%, ESM wt%, HAp wt%, applied voltage (AV), flow rate (FR), and spinneret-collector distance (SCD) were the independent variables investigated. The response variables analyzed were MFD, tensile strength (TS), and elastic modulus. ANOVA outlined ESM wt%, HAp wt%, AV, FR, SCD, and an interactive effect between PCL wt% and AV to be the significant factors affecting modulus values of an electrospun PCL/ESM membrane (p < 0.05). Furthermore, concentrations of PCL and ESM were the significant factors affecting MFD (p < 0.05) and there were no significant factors affecting the TS values. Optimization using DOE++ software predicted that the maximal TS of 3.125 MPa, modulus of 278.168 MPa, and MFD of 882.75 nm could be achieved. 相似文献
Multiwalled carbon nanotube/polycaprolactone nanocomposites (MWNT/PCL) were prepared by in situ polymerization, whereby functionalized MWNTs (F-MWNTs) and unfunctionalized MWNTs (P-MWNTs) were used as reinforcing materials. The F-MWNTs were functionalized by Friedel-Crafts acylation, which introduced the aromatic amine (COC6H4-NH2) groups on the side wall. The F-MWNTs were chemically bonded with the PCL chains in the F-MWNT/PCL, as indicated by the appearance of the amide II group in the FT-IR spectrum. The TGA thermograms showed that the F-MWNT/PCL had better thermal stability than PCL and P-MWNT/PCL. The PCL and the nanocomposite nanofibers were prepared by an electrospinning technique. The nanocomposites that contain more than 2 wt% of MWNTs were not able to be electrospun. The bead of the F-MWNT/PCL nanofiber was formed less than that of the P-MWNT/PCL. The nanocomposite nanofibers showed a relatively broader diameter than the pure PCL nanofibers. The MWNTs were embedded within the nanofibers and were well oriented along the axes of the electrospun nanofibers, as confirmed by transmission electron microscopy. 相似文献
Natural biomaterials were used to improve the biocompatibility of synthetic biopolymers. PCL was electrospun with natural biopolymers, silk fibroin, and small intestine submucosa. Due to increased electrical conductivity, the diameter of the composite fibers highly depended on the amount of SIS in the polymer solution. PCL/SF/SIS electrospun composites exhibited various synergistic effects, including enhanced mechanical properties and incredibly improved hydrophilicity compared to those of pure PCL and PCL/SF fibers. An initial cell attachment test demonstrated that the interactions between PC‐12 nerve cells and the PCL/SF/SIS composites were more favorable than those between PC‐12 cells and a PCL/SF composite.
Although carbon-based nanomaterials, such as carbon nanotubes, graphene, and carbon dots, have attracted much attention for bone tissue regeneration and engineering due to the advantages of being lightweight, mechanical stability, and remarkable ability for bone repair, their toxicity and dispersity are the most concern and greatly limiting their clinical uses. In this article, the surface modification of carbon black particles based on core–shell structure design as a promising candidate material for bone tissue engineering applications is presented. TiC/TiO2/SrCO3-coated carbon black particles were prepared via molten salt synthesis and hydrothermal process at various temperatures to study the effects of temperature on crystal structure, morphologies, surface wettability, and biological functions. Phase composition, morphologies, and elemental distributions were studied by X-ray diffraction, field-emission scanning electron microscope, and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, respectively. Cell proliferation, cell viability, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, and calcium deposition were also investigated. The investigation showed that the reaction temperature played an important role in the crystallinity, phase formation, nanotopography, and biological functions of the particles. The particles treated at 250°C offered favored surface properties of roughness, composition, crystallite size, and wettability for cell adhesion, proliferation, ALP activity, and calcium deposition. As a result, these bioactive core–shell particles would be a promising filler material for bone tissue engineering applications. 相似文献
The aim of this study was to compare the anti-adhesion efficacy of a bi-layer electrospun fibrous membrane consisting of hyaluronic acid-loaded poly(ɛ-caprolactone) (PCL) fibrous membrane as the inner layer and PCL fibrous membrane as the outer layer with a single-layer PCL electrospun fibrous membrane in a rat cecum abrasion model. The rat model utilized a cecal abrasion and abdominal wall insult surgical protocol. The bi-layer and PCL membranes were applied between the cecum and the abdominal wall, respectively. Control animals did not receive any treatment. After postoperative day 14, a visual semiquantitative grading scale was used to grade the extent of adhesion. Histological analysis was performed to reveal the features of adhesion tissues. Bi-layer membrane treated animals showed significantly lower adhesion scores than control animals (p < 0.05) and a lower adhesion score compared with the PCL membrane. Histological analysis of the bi-layer membrane treated rat rarely demonstrated tissue adhesion while that of the PCL membrane treated rat and control rat showed loose and dense adhesion tissues, respectively. Bi-layer membrane can efficiently prevent adhesion formation in abdominal cavity and showed a significantly decreased adhesion tissue formation compared with the control. 相似文献
Optimal implants for bone tissue engineering require sufficient mechanical strength as well as apt bioactivity and biodegradability. Calcium silicate (CaSiO3 ‐ CS) ceramics have been studied for tissue engineering and implantation for their good bioactivity properties. Elastomer poly (1.8‐octanediol citrate) (POC), one of the most biocompatible polymer, is used for biomedical application. The objective of this study is to fabricate a novel composite of calcium silicate with different ratios of POC to enhance the mechanical properties. The results showed that the compressive and the bending strengths of calcium silicate/POC biocomposite were improved remarkably at 40 wt% POC. 相似文献
Quaternized Polysulfone (QPSU) is a widely investigated material in the industry because of its unique properties such as
resistance to corrosion and high mechanical properties. The ionic nature of the compound can be exploited for medical applications
such as in haemodialysis, drug delivery and tissue engineering. In this study, composite membranes of QPSU with varying concentrations
of Titanium oxide (TiO2) were prepared and characterized using FT-IR, 1H-NMR, XRD, TGA and SEM. The bioactivity of the membranes was studied by immersing them in simulated body fluid (SBF) for
7 days and subsequently observing under SEM for the formation of calcium-phosphate (Ca–PO4) layer on the surface of the membranes. The formation of Ca–PO4 on the samples was confirmed using FT-IR and EDAX. The results were compared with those obtained for QPSU membranes and the
effect of TiO2 concentration on the membrane properties was analyzed. It was observed that the percentage crystallinity of the composites
increased upto a filler concentration of 5 wt% beyond which it decreased. TGA studies revealed an increase in the thermal
stability of the composites with increasing filler concentrations. While optimum bioactivity was observed in the samples containing
5 wt% of TiO2, higher filler content resulted in the formation of denser calcium—phosphate layer on the surface of the composites. The
study shows that quaternized polysulphone/TiO2 composites are promising bio composites having great potential for application in health care. 相似文献
In this study, porous scaffolds made of polycaprolactone (PCL)/β-tricalcium phosphate (BTCP) biocomposite were fabricated for bone tissue engineering (BTE) applications. The microsphere-aggregated scaffolds were prepared with various BTCP concentrations (10wt%, 20wt%, 50wt%) by the freeze-drying method. The porosity of obtained microsphere-aggregated scaffolds with various pore sizes was 80–85%, where this value was about 70% for the PCL/BTCP (50) sample with no microsphere formation. The results indicated that adding BTCP has enhanced mechanical strength, and the mineralization of PCL/BTCP composite scaffolds has been increased compared to the pure PCL scaffolds in simulated body fluid (SBF). The adhesion and proliferation of mouse bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (mMSCs) seeded onto PCL/BTCP scaffolds were enhanced compared to the PCL. In addition, in terms of differentiation, the incorporation of BTCP led to increasing the mineral deposition and alkaline phosphatase activity of mMSCs. The synergistic effect of using microsphere-aggregated scaffolds along with BTCP as a reinforcing agent in PCL biocomposite showed that these porous biocomposite scaffolds have the potential application in BTE. 相似文献
In the present study, we investigated the use of thiamine chloride hydrochloride (vitamin B1)-modified ZnO nanoparticles (ZnO-VB1 NPs) to reinforce polycaprolactone matrix. The stable and bioactive PCL/ZnO-VB1 nanocomposites were fabricated with the combination of ultrasonication and solution casting methods. Transmission electron microscope results indicated that the ZnO-VB1 NPs were uniformly dispersed in the matrix. The nanocomposites showed high hydroxyapatite formation (high bioactivity) in the simulated body fluid. The nanocomposites with 2?wt% of the modified nanoparticles were found to have highest mechanical strength. The nanocomposites with more nanofiller concentrations exhibited high wettability. 相似文献