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1.
The structure, crystallization, and phase behavior of nylon6‐b‐polytetrahydrofuran‐b‐nylon6 triblock copolymers synthesized via activated anionic polymerization have been studied. The composition, molecular weight of polytetrahydrofuran (PTHF) soft block, and type of polymeric activators (PACs) have been varied. Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC), Wide‐Angle X‐ray Diffraction (WAXD), Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), and Polarized Light Microscopy (PLM) experiments have revealed that in triblock copolymers only the nylon‐6 component crystallizes while PTHF segments are amorphous. The soft blocks do not alter the spherulitic crystalline structure of nylon‐6 and hard blocks crystallize in the α‐modification. The degree of crystallinity decreases with increasing PTHF concentration. The phase behavior has been investigated by Dynamic Mechanical Thermal Analysis (DMTA). Two different glass transition temperatures (Tg) for all samples have been observed. This indicates that nylon‐6 and PTHF segments are not molecularly miscible and the copolymers are microphase separated. The mechanical properties of the copolymers synthesized have been evaluated. Nylon‐6 copolymers with soft block concentrations up to 10 w/w %, exhibit improved notched impact strength in comparison to the nylon‐6 homopolymer, retaining relatively high hardness and tensile strength. All copolymers possess low water absorption and good thermal stability. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 84: 1448–1456, 2002; DOI 10.1002/app.10448  相似文献   

2.
BACKGROUND: Until recently, hyperbranched polymers were thought to be ill‐defined materials that were not useful as building blocks for well‐defined complex polymer architectures. It is a current challenge to develop strategies that offer rapid access to well‐defined hyperbranched block copolymers. RESULTS: A convenient three‐step protocol for the synthesis of double‐hydrophilic hyperbranched–linear–hyperbranched ABA‐type triblock copolymers based on poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) and hyperbranched polyglycerol (hbPG) is presented. The Bola‐type polymers exhibiting an aliphatic polyether structure were prepared from a linear (lin) linPG‐b‐PEO‐b‐linPG precursor triblock. The materials exhibit low polydispersities (Mw/Mn) in the range 1.19–1.45. The molecular weights of the block copolymers range from 6300 to 26 200 g mol?1, varying in the length of both the linear PEO chain as well as the hbPG segments. Detailed characterization of the thermal properties using differential scanning calorimetry demonstrates nanophase segregation of the blocks. CONCLUSION: The first example of well‐defined ABA hyperbranched–linear–hyperbranched triblock copolymers with PEO middle block and hbPG A‐blocks is presented. The biocompatible nature of the aliphatic polyether blocks renders these materials interesting for biomedical purposes. These new materials are also intriguing with respect to their supramolecular order and biomineralization properties. Copyright © 2009 Society of Chemical Industry  相似文献   

3.
A series of poly(lactide) (PLA)-based supramolecular polymers based on linear PLLA-b-PCL-b-PLLA triblock copolymers (PLLA, poly(l -lactide); PCL, poly(ε-caprolactone)) or/and three-arm star (PCL-b-PDLA)3 block copolymers (PDLA, poly(d -lactide)) were synthesized. The effects of the structure and composition on crystal structure, crystallization behavior, spherulite morphology and mechanical properties of the synthesized supramolecular polymers were investigated. The results of DSC and polarized optical microscopy indicated that the supramolecular polymer exhibited poor crystallization ability with respect to PCL/PLA block copolymer, and the crystallinity of the supramolecular polymer with alternating PCL/PLA multiblock structure was stronger than that with similar crosslinked network structure. The presence of molten PCL blocks disturbed the orientation of lamellae, forming spherulites with feather-like dendrites, and ring-banded spherulites were observed as the molecular weight of the PLA blocks increased. The results of tensile tests demonstrated that supramolecular polymers with larger molecular weight of PLA blocks showed the pronounced ductile fracture. On this basis, stereocomplexed supramolecular polymers were also synthesized, and it was found that the stereocomplex crystals had a significant impact on the crystallization and mechanical properties of the supramolecular polymers. Therefore, in this work a novel technique for manufacturing toughened PLA-based material and tuning its performances is proposed, which may promote the application of PLA-based materials in more fields. © 2022 Society of Industrial Chemistry.  相似文献   

4.
A procedure was developed for benzoylating the polystyrene segments in polystyrene‐b‐poly(ethylene‐co‐butene)‐b‐polystyrene (SEBS) triblock copolymers. The products were characterized by NMR spectroscopy, gel permeation chromatography, dynamic mechanical thermal analysis, and membrane osmometry. The mechanical properties of the parent and benzoylated copolymers, measured from 25 to 150°C, indicated that benzoylation increases the utility of the polymers at elevated temperatures. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 86: 1203–1210, 2002  相似文献   

5.
A series of symmetrical triblock copolymers containing crystallizable high-trans-1,4-polybutadiene (HTPB) were synthesized by sequential anionic polymerization of 1,3-butadiene (Bd) with isoprene (Ip) (or styrene (St)) using barium salt of di(ethylene glycol) ethyl ether/triisobutylaluminium/dilithium (BaDEGEE/TIBA/DLi) as initiation system. The microstructures of the symmetrical triblock copolymers were determined by IR, 1H NMR, and 13C NMR. The results indicated that polyisoprene-block-high-trans-1,4-polybutadiene-block-polyisoprene (IBI) contained HTPB segments and medium 3,4-polyisoprene (PI) segments, and polystyrene-block-HTPB-block-polystrene (SBS) contained HTPB and atatic-polystyrene (PS) segments. The DSC analysis revealed that SBS tended to phase separate but IBI did not. The cold crystallization was observed in IBI but not in SBS.  相似文献   

6.
Starting from MPEG-NH2, a series of amphiphilic triblock copolymers MPEG-b-PLL-b-PLA were synthesized through PEG-NH2-initiated ring-open polymerization of N ε-benzyloxycarbonyl-L-lysine, followed by acylation coupling between the amino-terminated MPEG-b-PZLL-NH2 and carboxyl-terminal PLA and the deprotection of amines. The block copolymers were characterized by FT-IR, 1H NMR, GPC, DSC and TEM. The copolymer functional groups, molecular and block structures were verified by FT-IR, 1H NMR and DSC, respectively. The GPC results indicate that the chain lengths of each block can be controlled by varying the feed ratios of the monomer and initiator, providing the polymer samples with a narrow molecular weight distribution (M w /M n = 1.10 ~ 1.25). The TEM analysis shows that the triblock polymers can self-assemble into polymeric micelles in aqueous solution with spherical morphology. The cell-cytotoxicity assay indicates that the triblock polymers show no obvious cytotoxicity against Bel7402 human hepatoma cells.  相似文献   

7.
Well‐defined poly(dimethylsiloxane)‐block‐poly(methyl methacrylate)‐block‐poly(2,2,3,3,4,4,4‐heptafluorobutyl methacrylate) (PDMS‐b‐PMMA‐b‐PHFBMA) triblock copolymers were synthesized via atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP). Surface microphase separation in the PDMS‐b‐PMMA‐b‐PHFBMA triblock copolymer films was investigated. The microstructure of the block copolymers was investigated by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM). Surface composition was studied by X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The chemical composition at the surface was determined by the surface microphase separation in the PDMS‐b‐PMMA‐b‐PHFBMA triblock copolymer films. The increase of the PHFBMA content could strengthen the microphase separation behavior in the PDMS‐b‐PMMA‐b‐PHFBMA triblock copolymer films and reduce their surface tension. Comparison between the PDMS‐b‐PMMA‐b‐PHFBMA triblock copolymers and the PDMS‐b‐PHFBMA diblock copolymers showed that the introduction of the PMMA segments promote the fluorine segregation onto the surface and decrease the fluorine content in the copolymers with low surface energy. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011  相似文献   

8.
Select rheological (dynamic viscoelastic) and mechanical properties of novel block cationomers and anionomers and their blends have been investigated. The block ionomers were linear di‐ and triblocks, and symmetric three‐arm stars comprising hydrophobic polyisobutylene (PIB) blocks attached to ionized poly(methacrylic acid) (PMAA?X+, where X+ = Na+, Zn2+) and poly[2‐(dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate] (PDMAEMA+I?) blocks. The specific structures investigated were the well‐defined diblocks PIB‐b‐PMAA? and PIB‐b‐PDMAEMA+ and their blends, the triblocks PMAA?b‐PIB‐b‐PMAA? and PDMAEMA+b‐PIB‐b‐PDMAEMA+ and their blends, and the three‐arm star anionomer Φ(PIB‐b‐PMAA?)3. For comparison, the properties of the precursor PIBs and unionized blocks have also been studied. Hydrogen bonding between the carboxyl groups of the PMAA blocks in PIB‐b‐PMAA diblocks leads to inverse micelles. Neutralization of the PMAA by Zn(AcO)2 and quaternization of the PDMAEMA segments by CH3I in the triblock copolymers and star copolymers yielded ionic domains, which self‐assemble and produce physical networks held together by coulumbic interaction. The physical/chemical characteristics of the domains control the viscoelastic behavior and mechanical properties of these block ionomers. The mechanical properties of the various block ionomers were significantly enhanced relative to the precursors, and they were thermally stable below the transition temperature. Further, the thermomechanical properties of these novel materials were satisfactory even above 200°C. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 88: 1516–1525, 2003  相似文献   

9.
The melt rheological behavior of segmented block copolymers with high melting diamide (A) hard segments (HS) and polyether (B) soft segments was studied. The block copolymers can be classified as B (monoblock), AB (diblock), ABA (triblock, diamide end segment), BAB (triblock, diamide mid‐segment) and ? (AB)n? (multiblock) block copolymers. Varied were the number of HS in the chain, the HS concentration, the position of the HS (in the chain or at the end of the chain) and the molecular weight of the copolymers. The melt rheological behavior of the copolymers was studied with a plate–plate method. The materials B (monoblock), BAB (triblock, diamide mid‐segment), and ? (AB)n? (multiblock) block copolymers had a rheological behavior of a linear polymer and the complex viscosity increased with molecular weight. Surprisingly, the diblock copolymers AB and the triblock copolymers ABA at low frequencies and near the melting temperature of the copolymers had the behavior of a gelled melt. The diamide segments at the chain end seemed to form aggregates, whereas the diamide mid‐segments did not. Also, time‐dependent rheology of diblock copolymer confirmed the network structure built up in the melt. The block copolymers with H‐bonding diamide end segments had a thixotropic behavior. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 2010. © 2009 Society of Plastics Engineers  相似文献   

10.
This work presents the first part of our study on the modification of poly(2,6-dimethyl-1,4-phenylene oxide) (PPO) with styrenic thermoplastic rubbers. Polystyrene-b-polyisobutylene-b-polystyrene (SIBS), polystyrene-b-polybutadiene-b-polystyrene (SBS) and polystyrene-b-poly(ethylene/butylene)-b-polystyrene (SEBS) triblock copolymers were melt blended with PPO and the blends were characterized. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), dynamic mechanical thermal analysis (DMTA) and transmission electron microscopic (TEM) studies revealed that PPO/SEBS blends displayed the most pronounced phase-separated morphology with largest rubbery domains. SBS showed the most miscibility, and the least detrimental effect on dynamic mechanical properties and tensile strength. The results of this comparative study guided us to develop optimum conditions for the impact modification of PPO by SIBS thermoplastic rubbers.  相似文献   

11.
Experimental procedures used at the preparation and characterization stages of nanoporous materials (NPM) from 1,2-polybutadiene-b-polydimethylsiloxane (1,2-PB-b-PDMS) block copolymers are presented. The NPM were obtained from self-assembled block copolymers after firstly cross-linking 1,2-PB (the matrix component) and secondly degrading PDMS (the expendable component). Depending on the temperature of the cross-linking reaction different morphologies can be ‘frozen’ from the same block copolymer. Starting with a block copolymer precursor of lamellar morphology at room temperature, the gyroid structure or a metastable structure showing hexagonal symmetry (probably HPL) were permanently captured by cross-linking the precursor at 140 °C or at 85 °C, respectively. PDMS was degraded by reaction with tetrabutylamonium fluoride; considerations on the mechanism of cleaving reaction are presented. The characterization of the materials at different stages of preparation includes gravimetry, infrared spectroscopy, small angle x-ray scattering, electron microscopy and isothermal nitrogen adsorption experiments.  相似文献   

12.
The AB type diblock PS‐b‐PEO and ABA type triblock PS‐b‐PEO‐b‐PS copolymers containing the same proportions of polystyrene (PS) and poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) but different connection sequence were synthesized and investigated. Using the sequential living anionic polymerization and ring‐opening polymerization mechanisms, diblock PS‐b‐PEO copolymers with one hydroxyl group at the PEO end were obtained. Then, using the classic and efficient Williamson reaction (realized in a ‘click’ style), triblock PS‐b‐PEO‐b‐PS copolymers were achieved by a coupling reaction between hydroxyl groups at the PEO end of PS‐b‐PEO. The PS‐b‐PEO and PS‐b‐PEO‐b‐PS copolymers were well characterized by 1H NMR spectra and SEC measurements. The critical micelle concentration (CMC) and thermal behaviors were also investigated by steady‐state fluorescence spectra and DSC, respectively. The results showed that, because the PEO segment in triblock PS‐b‐PEO‐b‐PS was more restricted than that in diblock PS‐b‐PEO copolymer, the former PS‐b‐PEO‐b‐PS copolymer always gave higher CMC values and lower crystallization temperature (Tc), melting temperature (Tm) and degree of crystallinity (Xc) parameters. © 2015 Society of Chemical Industry  相似文献   

13.
Tensile properties of poly(butadiene-g-α-methyl styrene) copolymers have been investigated on molded samples. These graft copolymers show thermoplastic elastomer behavior because of their graft copolymer structure. Both modulus and strength increase with increasing α-methyl styrene content and tensile strength is highest at the 45–50% by weight α-methyl styrene level. Tensile strength at elevated test temperatures is considerably higher for these poly(butadiene-g-α-methyl styrene) copolymers than for styrene-butadiene-styrene triblock polymers. This is attributed to the higher glass transition temperature for poly(α-methyl styrene) segments compared to polystyrene segments. The oil acceptance of these graft copolymers appears to depend on the number of loose polybutadiene chain ends. Thus, the tensile strength of oil-extended poly(butadiene-g-α-methyl styrene) copolymers was considerably lower than oil-extended poly(styrene-b-butadiene-g-α-methyl styrene) copolymers even though both copolymers contained equal hard segment contents.  相似文献   

14.
This paper describes the synthesis of a series of ABA‐type triblock copolymers of trimethylene carbonate and ?‐caprolactone with various molar ratios and analyses the thermal and mechanical properties of the resulting copolymers. The structures of the triblock copolymers were characterized by 1H and 13C nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, FT‐IR spectroscopy and gel permeation chromatography. Results obtained from the various characterization methods proves the successful synthesis of block copolymers of trimethylene carbonate and ?‐caprolactone. The thermal properties of the block copolymers were investigated by differential scanning calorimetry. The Tm and ΔHm values of the copolymers decrease with increasing content of trimethylene carbonate units. Two Tgs were found in the copolymers. Furthermore, both of the Tg values increased with increasing content of trimethylene carbonate units. The mechanical properties of the resulting copolymers were studied by using a tensile tester. The results indicated that the mechanical properties of the block copolymers are related to the molar ratio of trimethylene carbonate and ?‐caprolactone in the copolymers, as well as the molecular weights of the resulting copolymers. The block copolymer with a molar composition of 50/50 possessed the highest tensile stress at maximum and modulus of elasticity. Block copolymers possessing different properties could be obtained by adjusting the copolymer compositions. Copyright © 2004 Society of Chemical Industry  相似文献   

15.
The aim of this study was to evaluate the role of different poly(ethylene glycol):poly(propylene glycol) (PEG:PPG) molar ratios in a triblock copolymer in the cure kinetics, miscibility and thermal and mechanical properties in an epoxy matrix. The poly(propylene glycol)‐block‐poly(ethylene glycol)‐block‐poly(propylene glycol) (PPG‐b‐PEG‐b‐PPG) triblock copolymers used had two different molecular masses: 3300 and 2000 g mol?1. The mass concentration of PEG in the copolymer structure played a key role in the miscibility and cure kinetics of the blend as well as in the thermal–mechanical properties. Phase separation was observed only for blends formed with the 3300 g mol?1 triblock copolymer at 20 wt%. Concerning thermal properties, the miscibility of the copolymer in the epoxy matrix reduced the Tg value by 13 °C, although a 62% increase in fracture toughness (KIC) was observed. After the addition of PPG‐b‐PEG‐b‐PPG with 3300 g mol?1 there was a reduction in the modulus of elasticity by 8% compared to the neat matrix; no significant changes were observed in Tg values for the immiscible system. The use of PPG‐b‐PEG‐b‐PPG with 2000 g mol?1 reduced the modulus of elasticity by approximately 47% and increased toughness (KIC) up to 43%. Finally, for the curing kinetics of all materials, the incorporation of the triblock copolymer PPG‐b‐PEG‐b‐PPG delayed the cure reaction of the DGEBA/DDM (DGEBA, diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A; DDM, Q3‐4,4′‐Diaminodiphenylmethane) system when there is miscibility and accelerated the cure reaction when it is immiscible. All experimental curing reactions could be fitted to the Kamal autocatalytic model presenting an excellent agreement with experimental data. This model was able to capture some interesting features of the addition of triblock copolymers in an epoxy resin. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry  相似文献   

16.
A series of well‐defined and property‐controlled polystyrene (PS)‐b‐poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO)‐b‐polystyrene (PS) triblock copolymers were synthesized by atom‐transfer radical polymerization, using 2‐bromo‐propionate‐end‐group PEO 2000 as macroinitiatators. The structure of triblock copolymers was confirmed by 1H‐NMR and GPC. The relationship between some properties and molecular weight of copolymers was studied. It was found that glass‐transition temperature (Tg) of copolymers gradually rose and crystallinity of copolymers regularly dropped when molecular weight of copolymers increased. The copolymers showed to be amphiphilic. Stable emulsions could form in water layer of copolymer–toluene–water system and the emulsifying abilities of copolymers slightly decreased when molecular weight of copolymers increased. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 101: 727–730, 2006  相似文献   

17.
A series of thermoresponsive triblock copolymers, methoxy poly(ethylene oxide)‐b‐poly(ε‐caprolactone)‐b‐poly(N‐isopropylacrylamide) (mPEO‐b‐PCL‐b‐PNIPAM), with different PCL and PNIPAM block lengths, were synthesized by a combination of ring opening polymerization and reversible addition‐fragmentation chain transfer polymerization techniques. The triblock copolymers undergo self‐assembly in aqueous solutions forming stable nanovesicles of various sizes with a lipid membrane structure similar to body cells as revealed by transmission electron microscopy. The nanovesicle is thermoresponsive, that is, its size is tunable using the temperature as a switch: shrinks at a temperature above the lower critical solution temperature (LCST) and expands at a temperature below the LCST. The corresponding LCST of the triblock copolymers is adjustable by varying the PNIAM segment length as well as the PCL segment length and covers a range from 33.9 to 41.0°C in water. The diameter of nanovesicles for mPEO3kb‐PCL5kb‐PNIPAM13.2k is about 177.7 nm below the LCST and 138.9 nm above the LCST, as determined by dynamic light scattering. It was demonstrated using indomethacin, a popular anti‐inflammation medicine, that the triblock copolymers can effectively act as a drug release carrier under the right human physiological conditions, that is, store the drug at a lower temperature and release it at a higher temperature, possibly targeting at the lesion sites of human body. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2015 , 132, 41361.  相似文献   

18.
Summary The triblock copolymers of poly(p-dioxanone)-b-poly(tetrahydrofuran)-b-poly(p-dioxanone) were synthesized by ring-opening polymerization of p-dioxanone in the presence of dihydroxyl poly(tetrahydrofuran)(PTHF) using stannous octoate (SnOct2) as a catalyst. The effects of feed ratio, reaction time and reaction temperature on the copolymerization were investigated. It was found that the optimal reaction temperature and time were 80 °C and 42 hours, respectively, and the molar ratio of p-dioxanone/SnOct2 (PDO/cat.) had little influence on the inherent viscosity of the copolymers. The triblock copolymers were characterized by various analytical techniques such as 1H-NMR and DSC.  相似文献   

19.
Summary Poly(isobutylene-b-ɛ-caprolactone) diblock and poly(ɛ-caprolactone-b-isobutylene-b-ɛ-caprolactone) triblock copolymers have been prepared and characterized. The synthesis involved the living cationic polymerization of IB, followed by capping with 1,1-diphenylethylene or 1,1-p-ditolylethylene and end-quenching with 1-methoxy-1-trimethylsiloxy-2-methyl-propene to yield methoxycarbonyl functional PIB. Hydroxyl end-functional PIB polymers were quantitatively obtained by the subsequent reduction of methoxycarbonyl end-functional PIB with LiAlH4. The structure of hydroxyl end-functional PIBs was confirmed by 1H NMR and IR spectroscopy. Poly(ɛ-caprolactone-b-isobutylene) diblock copolymers and poly(ɛ-caprolactone-b-isobutylene-b-ɛ-caprolactone) triblock copolymers were synthesized by the living cationic ring-opening polymerization of ɛ-caprolactone with hydroxyl end-functional PIB as macroinitiator in the presence of HCl•Et2O via the “activated monomer mechanism”. The block copolymers exhibited close to theoretical Mns and narrow molecular weight distributions. Received: 30 January 2002/Revised version: 19 February 2002/ Accepted: 19 February 2002  相似文献   

20.
A series of ABA type triblock copolymers [Poly(lactide)-block-poly(hexamethylene 2,3-O-isopropylidene tartarate)-block-poly(lactide)] PLA-b-PHIT-b-PLA based on renewable monomers l-tartaric acid and l-lactide have been synthesized and the effect of the PLA chain length on the properties of the triblock copolymers has been systematically investigated. The block nature of the copolymers was established by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) which showed two glass transition temperatures (Tg) corresponding to PHIT and PLA blocks. Solution cast films of these triblock copolymers turned out to be brittle in nature and to overcome this, ε-caprolactone was copolymerized with l-lactide to generate a separate series of triblock copolymers [PLA-ran-PCL]-b-PHIT-b-[PLA-ran-PCL]. Our study systematically demonstrates that the PLA-to-PCL ratio in the outer block composition influences the mechanical properties via a delayed post-yield stress drop phenomenon. The study further elaborates the time-synchronized strain-field analysis of the novel triblocks to be a convincing approach for the characterization of micro-deformation modes.  相似文献   

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