旧报纸漆酶/介体脱墨过程中木素结构的研究

利用元素分析、功能基分析和傅里叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)对旧报纸漆酶/介体脱墨过程中木素结构的变化进行分析,并利用凝胶渗透色谱(GPC)测定木素的分子质量及其分布。元素分析及功能基分析结果表明,漆酶/介体处理后,木素C9单元分子质量降低,木素的酚羟基和甲氧基含量降低,羰基和羧基含量升高。红外光谱分析结果显示,漆酶/介体处理过程中存在木素结构的部分破坏与溶出。GPC测定结果表明,漆酶/介体处理后浆料中木素的数均分子质量、重均分子质量及多分散性均下降,说明木素受到了一定程度的降解。     

13C-NMR分析漆酶处理木素的结构特征

利用13C-NMR技术对漆酶、漆酶/介体体系处理前后枫香木酶解木素进行结构分析.结果表明,经漆酶/介体体系(LMS)处理后,木素的部分β-O-4结构发生醚键断裂,脱甲基或脱甲氧基反应发生,根据结构变化推断反应过程中紫丁香基型结构优先反应;经漆酶处理后,木素单位苯环的羰基含量和甲氧基含量增加.     

漆酶介体系统对高木素含量的硫酸盐浆的生物漂白化学

分别在1-羟基苯并二唑（HBT）、N-羟基乙酰苯胺（NHA）、紫尿酸（VA）介体中，用漆酶处理高木素含量的针叶木硫酸盐浆。发现在紫尿酸（VA）介体中漆酶降解木素的能力优于其它两种介体。在生物漂白处理前后分别对分离出的残留木素作核磁共振（NMR）分析，结果表明在漆酶-VA系统中，经生物漂白处理后，木素被极大地氧化并且结构多数发生了变化。在这三种漆酶介体系统中，增加羧基含量，甲氧基相应减少。对三种系统来说，生物氧化漂白都直接作用于不缩合的C5酚型木素结构。漆酶-VA系统还和缩合的C5酚型木素结构发生反应。     

富里埃变换红外光谱法分析生物漂白过程木素结构变化

利用富里埃变换红外光谱技术分析了尾叶桉硫酸盐浆原浆的残余木素,经漆酶/介体(Lccase/mediator)处理后浆的残余术素及生物处理后纸浆经氢氧化钠抽出的木素.结果证实,在漆酶/介体处理纸浆的过程中碳水化合物不发生氧化,而木素的Cα羟基发生氧化产生α-基;酶作用后纸浆进一步碱处理导致木素溶出.通过分析溶出木素的结构,推断纸浆中具有紫丁香基结构的残余木素优先发生降解.     

蔗渣浆漆酶/天然介体体系脱木素机理的研究

采用红外光谱和核磁共振波谱等手段分析了蔗渣硫酸盐浆及其漆酶处理、漆酶/天然介体体系处理浆的残余木素的结构,揭示漆酶/天然介体体系处理过程中木素的脱除机理。分析结果表明,与未添加介体相比,添加天然介体后漆酶预处理纸浆经过氧化氢漂白后,其白度为75.2%ISO,增加了6.4个ISO白度单位。在漆酶/天然介体体系处理过程中,与未处理蔗渣浆中木素结构相比,木素结构中的游离羟基结构没有明显的变化,木素中的β-O-4结构在处理过程中容易脱除,导致Ar-CH=CH结构增加,并且还使得木素木素侧链Cα位羟基被氧化,生成了α-羰基。     

漆酶处理对杨木APMP木素分子质量的影响

研究了漆酶和漆酶/介体体系处理对三倍体毛白杨APMP性能的影响.采取酶解-弱酸解两段法分别从APMP原浆和生物处理后的纸浆中分离木素.为了使木素在凝胶渗透色谱流动相四氢呋喃中能完全溶解,对所有试样进行了卞基化处理.利用凝胶渗透色谱分析仪获得了木素的分子质量分布曲线,并计算出数均分子质量和质均分子质量,进而比较了漆酶和漆酶/介体体系处理的效果和差异.     

漆酶／助剂体系降解苇浆残余木素的研究

用溶剂抽提法制取苇浆残余木素,用漆酶／助剂和氧气开展工作 反应,通过甲氧基的测定,元素分析、^13C-NMR,^1H-NMR、IR分析苇浆残余木素与漆酶／助剂反应前后其结构的变化,研究发现苇浆残余木素在反应后其甲氧基、酚羟基减少,醇羟基增多,木素结构中羰基增多,木素的苯环结构发生了开环反应。     

漆酶/介体体系改性磨石磨木浆纤维表面性能分析

利用漆酶价体体系改性未漂马尾松磨石磨木浆，测定改性前后浆张的物理和光学性能，利用纤维长度、粗度分析仪、傅里叶变换红外光谱（FT-IR）和化学分析光电子能谱（ESCA）对漆酶价体体系改性前后纸浆纤维变化及表面性能进行分析，并测定了纸浆表面接触角（CA）。结果表明，漆酶价体体系改性纸浆仅在纤维的表面起作用，不会引起纤维的大幅度降解；纸浆改性过程中发生了氧化反应，羰基含量增加；改性后木素发生了一定程度的降解，纸浆表面木素含量降低；改性后的纸浆表面润湿性能提高。     

旧报纸漆酶/介体脱墨浆表面性能分析

利用化学分析电子能谱(ESCA)、衰减全反射傅立叶变换红外光谱(ATR-IR)以及环境扫描电镜(ESEM)对漆酶脱墨浆的表面形态进行分析,并利用KAJAANI纤维长度粗度分析仪测定浆料纤维的长度、粗度,利用Pulmac渗透测定仪(Pumac Permeability Tester)测定了纤维的比容和比表面积.研究结果表明,漆酶/介体脱墨过程中可以使浆料中的木素溶出,表面木素含量降低,同时纤维表面出现微细纤维.与对照浆相比,漆酶处理后,纤维的长度、粗度变化不大,说明漆酶处理过程中,并未发生纤维的断裂,漆酶主要作用于纤维的表面,并未触及到纤维的内部.比表面积和比容均增加.     

漆树漆酶对马尾松化机浆的生物改性研究

利用日本漆树漆酶与介体ABTS构成的体系（LMS）对马尾松化学热磨机械浆（CTMP）进行生物处理及后续H2O2漂白，分析了酶用量、介体用量、pH值、酶处理温度和酶处理时间对纸浆白度和强度性能的影响，探索LMS生物改性的最佳工艺条件。并利用傅里叶变换红外光谱技术分析用LMS处理前后的纸浆，结果表明，经LMS处理，纸浆中的发色基团减少，并伴随着木素的降解溶出，从而提高了纸浆的白度和可漂性。     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

An internet compendium of analytical methods and spectroscopic information for monomers and additives used in food packaging plastics

An internet website (http://cpf.jrc.it/smt/) has been produced as a means of dissemination of methods of analysis and supporting spectroscopic information on monomers and additives used for food contact materials (principally packaging). The site which is aimed primarily at assisting food control laboratories in the European Union contains analytical information on monomers, starting substances and additives used in the manufacture of plastics materials. A searchable index is provided giving PM and CAS numbers for each of 255 substances. For each substance a data sheet gives regulatory information, chemical structures, physico-chemical information and background information on the use of the substance in particular plastics, and the food packaging applications. For monomers and starting substances (155 compounds) the infra-red and mass spectra are provided, and for additives (100 compounds); additionally proton NMR are available for about 50% of the entries. Where analytical methods have been developed for determining these substances as residual amounts in plastics or as trace amounts in food simulants these methods are also on the website. All information is provided in portable document file (PDF) format which means that high quality copies can be readily printed, using freely available Adobe Acrobat Reader software. The website will in future be maintained and up-dated by the European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC) as new substances are authorized for use by the European Commission (DG-ENTR formerly DGIII). Where analytical laboratories (food control or other) require reference substances these can be obtained free-ofcharge from a reference collection housed at the JRC and maintained in conjunction with this website compendium.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Chlorohydrins of bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (BADGE) and of bisphenol F diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in canned foods and ready-to-drink coffees from the Japanese market

BADGE.2HCl and BFDGE.2HCl were determined in 28 samples of ready-to-drink canned coffee and 18 samples of canned vegetables (10 corn, 5 tomatoes and 3 others), all from the Japanese market. HPLC was used as the principal analytical method and GCMS for confirmation of relevant LC fractions. BADGE.2HCl was found to be present in one canned coffee and five samples of corn, BFDGE.2HCl in four samples of canned tomatoes and in one canned corn. No sample was found which exceeded the 1mg/kg limit of the EU for the BADGE chlorohydrins. However the highest concentration was found for the sum of BFDGE.2HCl and BFDGE.HCl.H₂O at a level of 1.5mg/kg. A Beilstein test confirmed that all cans containing foods contaminated with BADGE.2HCl or BFDGE.2HCl had at lest one part coated with a PVC organosol.     

European priorities for research to support legislation in the area of food contact materials and articles

A strong science base is required to underpin the planning and decision-making process involved in determining future European community legislation on materials and articles in contact with food. Significant progress has been made in the past 5 years in European funded work in this area, with many developments contributing to a much better understanding of the migration process, and better and simpler approaches to food control. In this paper this progress is reviewed against previously identified work-areas (identified in 1994) and conclusions are reached about future requirements for R&D to support legislation on food contact materials and articles over the next 5 or so years.     

Analysis of benzo[a]pyrene in spiked fatty foods by second derivative synchronous spectrofluorimetry after microwave-assisted treatment of samples

A simple, rapid and inexpensive method has been developed for the determination of benzo[a     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. II: Certification study

This paper describes the second part of a project undertaken to develop certified mussel reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins. In the first part two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the certification exercise. Fifteen laboratories participated in this certification study and were asked to measure saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The participants were allowed to use a method of their choice but with an extraction procedure to be strictly followed. The study included extra experiments to verify the detection limits for both saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin. Most participants (13 of 15) were able to meet all the criteria set for the certification study. Results for saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of <0.07 mg/kg in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels. Results obtained for decarbamoyl-saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of 1.59+/-0.20 mg/kg. The results for saxitoxin.2HCl in enriched blank mussel yielded a certified mass fraction of 0.48 +/- 0.06 mg/kg. These certified reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel material are the first available for laboratories to test their method for accuracy and performance.     

Announcing a new international peer-reviewed journal:Food Science and Human Wellness now accepting manuscript submission in English

<正>We are pleased to announce the launch of a new international peer-reviewed journal-Food Science and Human Wellness,ISSN 2213-4530,which is an open access journal,produced and hosted by Elsevier B.V.on behalf of Beijing Academy of Food Sciences.Food Science and Human Wellness is an international peer-reviewed English journal that provides a forum for the dissemination of the