近红外光谱法预测面条中马铃薯泥含量模型的建立和应用

制作了已知含量的马铃薯泥面条170份,采集马铃薯泥面条的近红外吸收光谱,采用偏最小二乘法(PLS)建立并优化马铃薯泥含量预测模型。结果表明:吸收谱图扫描范围为9 403.6～5 446.2cm-1时,选择矢量归一化法预处理光谱,获得的含量预测模型预测能力好,模型的外部验证决定系数为0.956 4、预测均方根误差为3.73%,斜率为1.029,模型的相对分析误差为2.04。采用近红外光谱法建立的预测模型可以较好的预测未知面条样品中马铃薯泥的含量。     

近红外光谱结合化学计量学技术快速测定面条中马铃薯全粉的含量

马铃薯干物质的主要成分为淀粉,将其与面粉混合后采用传统工艺制作成的马铃薯面条,使用化学检测方法很难测定马铃薯面条中马铃薯全粉的含量和面粉的含量。本研究旨在建立一种快速检测面条中马铃薯全粉含量的方法,为市场监督部门提供技术支撑。以不同马铃薯全粉含量的面条样品236份为实验材料,采集样品近红外漫反射光谱,结合化学计量学软件建立并优化预测模型。结果表明:近红外光谱图范围为9403.6～5446.2 cm-1时,采用最小-最大归一化预处理光谱,建立的预测模型稳定性强预测精度高,预测模型的外部验证决定系数(R2val)为0.9775、预测均方根误差(RMSEP)为1.28%,斜率为0.95,模型的相对分析误差(relative prediction deviation,RPD)为4.74。采用近红外漫反射光谱技术可以快速预测面条中马铃薯全粉的含量,可以为市场监督部门提供技术支持。     

基于DMA和DSC分析技术研究马铃薯泥面条特性

为深入探讨马铃薯泥、水和食盐添加量对马铃薯泥面条形成机理的影响,采用动态力学分析法和差式量热扫描法进行单因素实验并分析。结果表明,添加马铃薯泥可降低面条刚性、导致马铃薯泥面条吸热焓变的增加和非冻结水含量的下降,从而降低马铃薯泥面条的品质;水的添加量,增加非冻结水的含量,使马铃薯泥面条更加筋道,提高了面条的整体品质;面条中适当地添加食盐,有助于提高面条的弹性和粘性。     

马铃薯泥面条质构特性的研究

为推进马铃薯的主食化,以马铃薯泥为原料,利用响应面优化法对马铃薯泥面条的工艺进行探讨。选取马铃薯泥添加量、盐添加量和水添加量三个因素进行中心点组合试验,以胶着性、咀嚼性、剪切力和拉伸力为响应值,建立回归方程预测模型,确定马铃薯泥面条制作的最佳工艺条件。结果表明:以小麦粉质量为100%计,马铃薯泥添加量35.13%,食盐添加量为0.49%,加水量为13.40%,制作出的面条最筋道,口感较好。     

最小二乘支持向量回归与偏最小二乘回归建立烟草总糖NIR预测模型比较

采用最小二乘支持向量回归(LSSVR)法和偏最小二乘回归(PLSR)法及192个烟叶样品的近红外(NIR)光谱与总糖含量的测定数据,分别建立了烟叶总糖含量的NIR预测模型,并利用这两种模型对95个烟叶样品进行了预测。结果表明:LSSVR法模型的预测误差范围为-3.08%~3.71%,预测回收率范围为90.0%~112.2%。LSSVR法模型的预测准确度比PLSR法的高。     

响应面法优化马铃薯泥面条工艺配方

为加快马铃薯主食化进程,降低马铃薯全粉面条的成本,有效利用马铃薯中的营养成分,以马铃薯泥为原料,对马铃薯泥面条的工艺配方进行研究。在单因素试验的基础上,利用响应面法优化马铃薯泥面条工艺配方,研究面条中马铃薯泥添加量、盐添加量、水添加量对感官得分和断条率的影响,得出回归方程预测模型。结果表明:马铃薯泥、盐和水的添加量分别为40.65%、0.40%、17.13%时,感官得分最高为98.13,面条的断条率最低为6.15%。该研究为马铃薯泥面条的进一步研究提供理论依据。     

基于近红外光谱的散养土鸡与笼养肉鸡的 营养成分预测

目的建立土鸡与肉鸡的蛋白质、脂肪含量快速预测模型。方法收集土鸡与肉鸡新鲜样本各30份,取其中各20份样品,应用近红外光谱分析技术和区间最小二乘法建立蛋白质、脂肪的定量分析模型;然后对剩余样品进行预测,并进行误差分析。结果土鸡与肉鸡的蛋白质模型相关系数分别是0.978和0.963,内部交叉验证均方差(RMSECV)分别为0.197和0.201;脂肪模型的相关系数分别为0.946和0.952,RMSECV值分别为0.318和0.149。预测中,蛋白质预测结果与实测结果误差平均为0.193和0.214,标准差为0.098和0.065;脂肪预测结果与实测结果的误差平均值分别为0.318和0.149,标准差分别为0.072和0.103。结论通过预测结果与实测结果比较,发现差异并不显著,标准方差在10%及以下,并且预测模型的相关系数越大,预测结果越准确,说明了近红外光谱技术与区间最小二乘法预测模型的可行性、准确性、快速便捷性,能够为市场土鸡肉与肉鸡肉的鉴别提供快捷有效的方法。同时,为提高预测结果的准确性,需采用尽量多的样品建立预测模型。     

基于近红外光谱的黄山毛峰茶鲜叶品质分析及等级快速评价

为科学分析茶鲜叶品质,快速直观评价鲜叶等级,采用偏最小二乘(PLS)法建立茶鲜叶中含水率、全氮量和粗纤维含量的近红外定量模型,通过分析近红外光谱-鲜叶内含成分-鲜叶等级间相关性,得到鲜叶等级近红外预测模型。结果表明,茶鲜叶中含水率、全氮量、粗纤维预测模型相关系数(RP)分别为0.9109,0.8989,0.8895,预测均方根误差(RMSEP)为0.361,0.103,0.195,鲜叶等级NIR模型的判别率为93.10%,模型有较高的预测性能。在此基础上自主研发的SNIR-2101茶叶品质分析仪适用性良好,这为茶鲜叶品质分析和等级快速评价提供新思路。     

基于近红外光谱仪分析中式爆炒猪肉的水分含量

应用傅里叶变换近红外光谱技术建立中式传统爆炒猪肉片水分含量预测模型,达到快速无损检测的目的。通过直接干燥法测定100 组爆炒猪肉片样品的水分含量,并扫描得到其近红外光谱图。采用偏最小二乘法并通过二阶微分结合卷积平滑算法对光谱进行预处理,通过拐点法、马氏距离法、杠杆值、学生残差法与内部交互验证均方根法进一步剔除异常样本,优化光谱模型。结果表明：所构建的中式爆炒肉片水分含量近红外光谱预测模型的校正均方差值为0.089 1,相关系数为0.972 1;且将预测值与真实值进行比较发现,预测结果正确率大于98.7%（P＜0.05）,表明本研究建立的用于检测中式爆炒肉片水分含量的近红外光谱预测模型效果良好,能够快速检测并准确预测中式爆炒肉片的水分含量,具有一定的应用价值。     

近红外光谱技术快速检测小龙虾新鲜度

应用近红外光谱技术实现对小龙虾新鲜度的快速检测。利用化学计量学方法,通过对近红外品质分析仪采集的虾肉绞碎前后光谱（850～1 050 nm）调整不同预处理方法、偏最小二乘法和组合算法,建立一种基于总挥发性盐基氮（total volatile basic nitrogen,TVB-N）含量的小龙虾新鲜度定量预测模型。结果表明：采用标准正态变量变换与一阶导数结合的预处理方法模型预测效果最好,且绞碎后的虾肉光谱比绞碎前建模效果更好;为满足实际应用需要,对绞碎前的虾肉TVB-N含量预测模型进行分析,其交叉验证误差为3.123,交叉验证相关系数为0.947,用此模型对预测集24 个样品进行预测,预测值与实测值的交叉验证相关系数为0.951 4,在TVB-N含量超过20 mg/100 g（不新鲜）的检测准确率为100%。近红外光谱技术可应用于快速检测小龙虾新鲜度,所建模型具有较好的预测能力。     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

An internet compendium of analytical methods and spectroscopic information for monomers and additives used in food packaging plastics

An internet website (http://cpf.jrc.it/smt/) has been produced as a means of dissemination of methods of analysis and supporting spectroscopic information on monomers and additives used for food contact materials (principally packaging). The site which is aimed primarily at assisting food control laboratories in the European Union contains analytical information on monomers, starting substances and additives used in the manufacture of plastics materials. A searchable index is provided giving PM and CAS numbers for each of 255 substances. For each substance a data sheet gives regulatory information, chemical structures, physico-chemical information and background information on the use of the substance in particular plastics, and the food packaging applications. For monomers and starting substances (155 compounds) the infra-red and mass spectra are provided, and for additives (100 compounds); additionally proton NMR are available for about 50% of the entries. Where analytical methods have been developed for determining these substances as residual amounts in plastics or as trace amounts in food simulants these methods are also on the website. All information is provided in portable document file (PDF) format which means that high quality copies can be readily printed, using freely available Adobe Acrobat Reader software. The website will in future be maintained and up-dated by the European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC) as new substances are authorized for use by the European Commission (DG-ENTR formerly DGIII). Where analytical laboratories (food control or other) require reference substances these can be obtained free-ofcharge from a reference collection housed at the JRC and maintained in conjunction with this website compendium.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Analysis of benzo[a]pyrene in spiked fatty foods by second derivative synchronous spectrofluorimetry after microwave-assisted treatment of samples

A simple, rapid and inexpensive method has been developed for the determination of benzo[a     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. II: Certification study

This paper describes the second part of a project undertaken to develop certified mussel reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins. In the first part two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the certification exercise. Fifteen laboratories participated in this certification study and were asked to measure saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The participants were allowed to use a method of their choice but with an extraction procedure to be strictly followed. The study included extra experiments to verify the detection limits for both saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin. Most participants (13 of 15) were able to meet all the criteria set for the certification study. Results for saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of <0.07 mg/kg in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels. Results obtained for decarbamoyl-saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of 1.59+/-0.20 mg/kg. The results for saxitoxin.2HCl in enriched blank mussel yielded a certified mass fraction of 0.48 +/- 0.06 mg/kg. These certified reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel material are the first available for laboratories to test their method for accuracy and performance.     

Announcing a new international peer-reviewed journal:Food Science and Human Wellness now accepting manuscript submission in English

<正>We are pleased to announce the launch of a new international peer-reviewed journal-Food Science and Human Wellness,ISSN 2213-4530,which is an open access journal,produced and hosted by Elsevier B.V.on behalf of Beijing Academy of Food Sciences.Food Science and Human Wellness is an international peer-reviewed English journal that provides a forum for the dissemination of the     

Chinese CTP Market

According to Printing and Printing Equipment Industries Association of China（PEIAC）＇s statistics to the plate manufucturer in China, in 2013, the actual offset plate production has reached 346 million square meters in China. Among them, the CTP production volume was 245 million square meters, up by 11% than that of last year; the total sales of the CTP plate was 239 million square meters, up by 13%.     

Preparatory Work of Print China 2015 is Going Smoothly

正Held at Guangdong Modern International Exhibition Center,Print China 2015 will cover 7exhibition halls,besides the original Hall No.3,4,5,6,7,the newly built F zone of Hall 3 will be used too.The total area will be140,000 square meters.Hall 3:Offset and large printing equipment,package printing equipment,post press