Effects of size and surface modification of multi-walled carbon nanotubes on mechanical properties of polyurethane-based nanocomposites

Polyurethanes/multi-walled carbon nanotube (PU/CNT) composites were prepared with a help of ultrasonically dispersing CNT in the traditional procedure of synthesizing polyurethane. In this case, the various loading levels, sizes and surface-modified groups were considered to regulate the mechanical performances of the PU/CNT nanocomposites. Moreover, the structure and mechanical properties of all the PU/CNT nanocomposites were investigated by attenuated total reflection-Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, dynamic mechanical analysis, scanning electron microscope, transmission electron microscope, and tensile testing. The experimental results showed that a moderate loading-level of 0.1wt% and a diameter of 10-15 nm for CNT could produce the maximum tensile strength and elongation while it was worth noting that the surface carboxylation of CNT could further enhance the tensile strength and elongation of the PU/CNT nanocomposites.     

纳米碳管增强复合材料力学特性的数值分析

用Abaqus建立纳米碳管增强复合材料的平面应变模型,分析了材料的宏观力学特性,研究了在不同碳管添加量、碳管分散性、碳管分布角度以及不同基体情况下,材料力学特性的变化规律,评价了碳管增强效果的影响因素及影响程度。将此方法得到的材料力学性能数据与细观力学模型的理论预测和实验结果进行了比较,验证了该方法的可靠性。     

环氧树脂/碳纤维导热复合材料研究进展

为提高碳纤维复合材料的导热、老化以及其他力学性能,本文探讨了以环氧树脂为基体,以具有优良的力学性能的碳纤维为导热载体,制备具有良好性能的导热复合材料的制备工艺。同时,研究了碳纤维增强环氧树脂基体的热传导机制,以及近些年来环氧树脂基导热复合材料的科研现状。     

聚醚砜/热膨胀石墨导电纳米复合材料的制备与性能研究

为改善PES的力学性能、热性能和电性能,采用熔融插层法制备了聚醚砜(PES)/热膨胀石墨(EG)导电纳米复合材料(PES/EG),并利用透射电子显微镜(TEM)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、热重分析(TGA)、X射线衍射(XRD)、密度测试、吸水率测试以及拉伸试验分别对PES/EG导电纳米复合材料的微观形貌、热性能、结晶性能、密度、吸水性及力学性能进行了分析测试。结果表明,当EG的质量分数为6%时,PES/EG导电纳米复合材料的综合力学性能较好。热性能测试表明,加入质量分数为6%的EG使基体PES的T-5%提高了4.8 oC。TEM和SEM分析表明,EG的表面处理改善了与基体PES的界面相互作用,EG经熔融插层后以10～30 nm的薄片均匀分散于PES基体中。电性能测试表明,当加入质量分数为2%的EG时,复合材料的电导率提高了12个数量级,其导电逾渗阀值小于2%。综合考虑复合材料的力学和电性能,添加的EG的质量分数应低于6%。     

多壁碳纳米管负载ZnO纳米复合材料的制备及其光催化性能研究

采用溶胶法,以醋酸锌和硝酸处理过的多壁碳纳米管（MWCNTs）为主要原料,制备了MWCNTs-ZnO光催化复合材料。通过X射线衍射（XRD）、透射电子显微镜（TEM）、扫描电子显微镜（SEM）等手段研究了制得样品的形态结构;通过紫外-可见分光光度计（UV-vis）,在紫外光照射下,分析比较了MWCNTs-ZnO复合材料、MWCNTs和ZnO的混合物以及纯ZnO对甲基橙光催化降解的性能。结果表明：在相同条件下MWCNTs-ZnO复合催化剂对甲基橙光降解有着最高的光催化活性。讨论了复合催化剂用量、重复使用等因素对甲基橙光催化降解效果的影响,并就复合催化剂的抗光腐蚀机制进行了初步的探讨。     

新型三维（3,3）碳纳米管聚合体

本文研究了单壁（3,3）碳纳米管束在高压下的结构演变过程。在静水压40 GPa下,（3,3）碳纳米管束会直接聚合形成一种新型六方三维碳纳米管聚合体（命名为六方3D-（3,3）碳）。卸除压力后,它能保持其结构不变,成为一种新型半导体性的超硬碳。该研究为压缩碳纳米管合成新型碳提供了理论依据。     

Mechanical,electrical, and thermal expansion properties of carbon nanotube-based silver and silver-palladium alloy composites

The mechanical, electrical, and thermal expansion properties of carbon nanotube（CNT）-based silver and silver–palladium（10：1, w/w） alloy nanocomposites are reported. To tailor the properties of silver, CNTs were incorporated into a silver matrix by a modified molecular level-mixing process. CNTs interact weakly with silver because of their non-reactive nature and lack of mutual solubility. Therefore, palladium was utilized as an alloying element to improve interfacial adhesion. Comparative microstructural characterizations and property evaluations of the nanocomposites were performed. The structural characterizations revealed that decorated type-CNTs were dispersed, embedded, and anchored into the silver matrix. The experimental results indicated that the modification of the silver and silver–palladium nanocomposite with CNT resulted in increases in the hardness and Young＇s modulus along with concomitant decreases in the electrical conductivity and the coefficient of thermal expansion（CTE）. The hardness and Young＇s modulus of the nanocomposites were increased by 30%？40% whereas the CTE was decreased to 50%-60% of the CTE of silver. The significantly improved CTE and the mechanical properties of the CNT-reinforced silver and silver–palladium nanocomposites are correlated with the intriguing properties of CNTs and with good interfacial adhesion between the CNTs and silver as a result of the fabrication process and the contact action of palladium as an alloying element.     

Preparation and Performance of Corona-proof Conductive Composite Coatings

Because of its merits,acrylic resin was chosen to improve the mechanical,conductive and hydrophobic properties.Carbon fiber powders (CF),carbon nanotubes (MWCNT),and nano-TiO_2 were incorporated into the acrylic resin to prepare the corona-proof conductive composite coatings.The incorporation of CF and MWCNT may improve the conductivity and mechanical strength of the coatings.However,the addition of nano-TiO_2 may increase the hydrophobicity of the coatings.Thus,the effects of different additives on the mechanical properties,conductivity,hydrophobicity and heat resistance of the conductive film were studied.The experimental results show that the incorporation of carbon fiber powders and multi walled carbon nanotubes can significantly improve both the conductivity and mechanical properties of the conductive coatings,and the addition of nano titanium dioxide can improve the hydrophobicity of the conductive film.     

Theoretical prediction of half-metallicity of the encapsulated zigzag single walled carbon nanotube by NO,O2 and NO2 molecules

Finding half-metallic behavior in one-dimensional structure is a challenge for technological applications at the nanometer scale.In the present work,the investigation was performed on the structural,electronic,and magnetic properties of encapsulated zigzag carbon nanotube (CNT) with various sizes by the NO,NO2,and O2 molecules using spin-polarized density functional theory (DFT).It was found that the encapsulations of the three molecules inside the CNT are energetically favorable.The calculated adsorption energies are strongly dependent on the tube diameter and the orientation between the encapsulated molecules and tube axis,while the structures of both CNTs and encapsulated molecules are nearly unchanged.Interestingly,the encapsulated CNTs by the three molecules exhibit half-metallicty in terms of the opposite local gating effect of the spin states.     

Investigation on the thermal conductivity of HDPE/MWCNT composites by laser pulse method

Thermal conductivity (TC) of high density polyethylene/multiwall carbon nanotube (HDPE/MWCNT) composite films was measured by laser pulse method. It is found that the TC increased quickly with the increase of MWCNT fraction when the volume fraction of MWCNT was below 3.35%. However, as the volume fraction of MWCNT was over 3.35%, the increasing rate became slow. A new percolation model was proposed based on the effect of MWCNT network to simulate the TC of HDPE/MWCNT composite films. The simulation result was in good agreement the experimental data well. In addition, the relationship of TC with the increase of temperature was also discussed. Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 90606008 and 50706057)     

二氧化锰/碳纳米管/聚吡咯复合材料的制备及性能

为了进一步实现其他材料与聚吡咯的性能互补与优化,先以甲基橙为掺杂剂,过硫酸铵为氧化剂,采用软模板法制备具有一维纳米结构的聚吡咯,再利用水热法制备二氧化锰/碳纳米管复合材料,最后将二氧化锰/碳纳米管复合材料与聚吡咯进行混合处理,改变复合材料中二氧化锰/碳纳米管复合材料和聚吡咯微米管的含量,得到了3种不同比例的二氧化锰/碳纳米管/聚吡咯复合材料. 采用扫描电子显微镜测试观察所得产物的微观形貌,通过X-射线粉末衍射仪测试其结构与组成,最后通过电化学工作站测试分析复合物的电化学性能与循环稳定性. 结果表明,二氧化锰/碳纳米管/聚吡咯复合材料在微观上复合均匀,电容性能比单独的聚吡咯或二氧化锰/碳纳米管复合材料量有显著改善.     

Synthesis and characterization of multi-walled carbon nanotube doped silica aerogels

Multi-walled carbon nanotube doped silica aerogels(MWCNT-SAs) were synthesized from a wet gel of well-dispersed MWCNT by one-step solvent exchange/surface modification and ambient pressure drying(APD). Waterglass was employed as a precursor to prepare wet gel. The content of MWCNT varied from 0 to 15% volume by wet gel. The surface group, thermal stability and microstructure of pure silica aerogel and MWCNT-SAs were investigated by FTIR, DTA, and TEM. Experimental results show that MWCNT-SAs are hydrophobic when the temperature is below 400 ℃, MWCNT-SAs exhibit a mesoporous network structure, and they achieve the largest scale with least shrinkage and lowest density when doped with 5 vol% MWCNT.     

Aluminum matrix composites reinforced by molybdenum-coated carbon nanotubes

To extend the application of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and explore novel aluminum matrix composites,CNTs were coated by molybdenum layers using metal organic chemical vapor deposition,and then Mo-coated CNT (Mo-CNT)/Al composites were prepared by the combination processes of powder mixing and spark plasma sintering.The influences of powder mixing and Mo-CNT content on the mechanical properties and electrical conductivity of the composites were investigated.The results show that magnetic stirring is better tha...     

聚吡咯/磺化石墨烯/磺化碳纳米管复合材料的界面合成

对氧化石墨烯（GO）和碳纳米管（CNT）进行磺化处理,得到的磺化石墨烯（SG）和磺化碳纳米管（SCNT）在溶液中有良好的分散性。将SG、SCNT和氧化剂溶于水中形成水相,聚吡咯（PPy）单体溶于有机溶剂中形成有机相。有机相与水相之间发生界面反应,得到PPy/SG/SCNT复合材料。采用扫描电子显微镜、X射线衍射、电化学工作站对复合材料进行表征与测试。结果表明:PPy/SG/SCNT复合材料组分复合均匀,是无定形材料,其电化学性能较单独的PPy、SG或SCNT更优越,而且当正己烷作为有机溶剂时,所得到的三组分复合材料更适合作为超级电容器电极材料。     

碳纳米管复合相变微胶囊的过冷性

采用原位聚合法合成了以溴代十六烷为囊芯、三聚氰胺-甲醛树脂为囊壁、掺杂多壁碳纳米管(CNT)的复合相变微胶囊;采用扫描电镜表征微胶囊的形貌,用差示扫描量热法( DSC)分析微胶囊的热性能,并对不同CNT的用量、不同甲醛/三聚氰胺摩尔比对包裹率、过冷度的影响进行了研究.结果表明:碳纳米管复合相变微胶囊的外观呈圆球形,其平均粒径为2.47～5.44 μm;加入CNT后,微胶囊的包裹率略有降低,从75%降低到62%,但随着CNT用量的提高可显著调节微胶囊的结晶温度,并使过冷度从9.77℃降低到6.84℃.     

高导热BNNS/ANF复合绝缘纸的结构设计及性能分析

随着电力设备逐渐向高电压、大容量、高集成化方向发展，对其绝缘材料的导热性能提出了更高的要求。本文借鉴天然珍珠母的仿生结构，以耐高温的1维芳纶纳米纤维（ANF）组成骨架网络，以高导热的2维氮化硼纳米片（BNNS）为功能基元，构筑复合绝缘纸。首先，利用柠檬酸锂充当表面活性剂，将六方氮化硼（h-BN）通过超声与水热反应相结合的方法剥离成BNNS，并对其微观形貌及分散特性进行研究；然后，采用浓碱去质子化法剥离Kevlar 纤维（AF）制得（ANF）；分别以ANF、BNNS为纳米基元，通过真空辅助抽滤技术制备出BNNS/ANF复合绝缘纸，并对其微观形貌结构、导热性能、力学性能、击穿性能进行了分析。结果表明：所剥离制备的薄层BNNS具有高长径比，BNNS与ANF之间均匀堆积形成致密的砖泥结构，这种砖泥结构有助于改善复合绝缘纸的击穿性能和力学性能；当 BNNS 填充质量分数为20%时，BNNS/ANF 复合绝缘纸的标准击穿场强达到313.04 kV/mm，抗拉强度达到216.64 MPa，分别是纯 ANF绝缘纸的166.47%和126.38%；此外，BNNS在ANF网络中定向分布形成连续导热的桥联，显著提高了复合绝缘纸的导热性能，当BNNS填充质量分数为30%时，复合绝缘纸的热导率达到5.31 W/(m·K)，是纯ANF绝缘纸的211.55%。该复合绝缘纸具有高导热性、良好的力学性能以及优异的电绝缘性，能有效解决设备绝缘散热问题，有望在电气设备中推广应用。     

Effect of radial heat conduction on effective thermal conductivity of carbon nanotube bundles

The effect of the radial heat conduction on the effective thermal conductivity of carbon nanotube (CNT) bundles is studied by the nonequilibrium molecular dynamics (NEMD) method. The hexagonal CNT bundle consists of seven (10, 10) single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs). The radial heat conduction is induced by creating the vacancy defects in some segments of the constituent CNTs. Combined with the temperature differences and the inter-tube thermal resistances at the different segments, the radial heat flow in the CNT bundle is calculated. The maximum percentage of the radial heat flow is less than 7% with the presence of four defective CNTs, while the resultant decrement of the effective thermal conductivity of the bundle is about 18%. The present results indicate that the radial heat flow can significantly diminish the axial heat conduction in the CNT bundles, which probably explains the smaller effective thermal conductivity in the CNT assemblies compared to that of the individual CNTs.     

碳纳米管薄膜阴极的制备及分析

采用催化剂高温分解法,在硅片上成功地制备了碳纳米管薄膜．利用扫描电镜和透射电镜观察表明,所制备的碳纳米管薄膜具有非常良好的定向性、均匀性和定域生长性．详细讨论了制备工艺参数变化对碳纳米管生长的影响．利用碳纳米管薄膜作为阴极材料,给出并分析了碳纳米管薄膜阴极的场致发射特性．     

制备工艺对CNTs/EP复合材料性能的影响

采用溶液共混法制备碳纳米管(CNTs)/环氧树脂(EP)复合材料,主要研究丙酮用量、混合方式、超声时间、CNTs含量等制备工艺对复合材料的热性能和导电性能的影响.通过用SEM、DSC,TGA以及万用表对复合材料进行分析表征,结果表明,丙酮的加入量越多,超声时间越长,CNTs/EP的复合材料的导电性越好,CNTs在复合材料中分散性也好,而随着CNTs含量增加,复合材料的导电性按照逾渗理论的规律提高,且逾渗闶值出现在0.5 0A～1%范围内.利用超声处理伴随着搅拌这种混合方式所得复合材料的导电性最好,加入碳纳米管的复合材料玻璃转化温度Tg和热稳定性能较纯EP有显著提高.     

Photocatalytic degradation of rhodamine B dye with MWCNT/TiO<Subscript>2</Subscript>/C<Subscript>60</Subscript> composites by a hydrothermal method

Multi-walled carbon nanotube (MWCNT)/TiO2/C60 composite catalysts were prepared by hydrothermal method. TiO2 was deposited on the MWCNT surface. Their photocatalytic activities for degradation of Rhodamine B dye were studied. X-ray diffraction, field emission transmission electron microscopy, ultraviolet-visible light absorption spectrum and photoluminescence spectrum were carried out to characterize the composite catalysts. The results indicated that MWCNTs and C60 could greatly enhance the photocatalytic activity of TiO2.