基于小波包分析及神经网络的汽轮机转子振动故障诊断

根据Bently实验台所采集的碰摩、松动、不对中、不平衡4种典型汽轮机转子振动故障信号,运用小波包分析方法对其进行能量分析并提取故障特征.分析结果表明:小波包分析与信号能量分解的故障特征提取方法,可以获得汽轮机转子振动的故障状态,有较好的故障区分度;另外由于经过小波包分解再重构后所提取的故障特征参数浓缩了汽轮机转子振动故障的全部信息,而BP神经网络具有优良的非线性映射能力,对提取的故障特征参数应用BP神经网络映射,可对汽轮机转子振动故障进行进一步的诊断.诊断结果表明:基于小波包分析及神经网络的故障诊断方法,具有较高的故障识别能力.     

基于小波包分析的滚动轴承故障特征提取

简述了小波包分析的基本原理及其用于特征提取的机理,利用小波包对滚动轴承振动加速度信号进行分解,求出各频率段的能量,并以此作为滚动轴承所发生故障的特征向量进行提取,从而识别出滚动轴承的故障,通过对于实测信号的分析证明了该方法的有效性,体现了小波包分析的优良性。     

基于小波包与分形组合技术在变压力下液压管路振动信号分析研究

提出基于小波包与分形组合技术对压力突变情况下航空发动机液压管路振动信号进行分析。首先,采用小波包对压力突变下液压管路振动信号进行分解,压力突变下液压管路振动信号的分形特征通过小波包的重构系数得到反映与验证;其次,通过对比分析小波包的关联维数值,得到压力突变下液压管路振动信号不同频带与关联维数的变化规律;最后结果表明,基于小波包与分形组合技术可以反映压力突变下液压管路振动信号特征。     

基于小波包和EMD的HHT时频分析方法在航空试验器轴承故障诊断中的应用

为适应高转速要求,航空试验器轴承通常选用陶瓷的球体和复合材料的保持架。这种轴承发热量小,同时保持架材料具有轻且脆的结构特点。轴承振动经过试验器传递到振动传感器后,常规的振动采集与温度监控都很难识别出有效的轴承故障信息,无法对轴承故障进行准确预判。针对这一问题,提出一种基于小波包、经验模态分解（EMD）和Hilbert-Huang变换（HHT）组合的轴承振动信号分析方法。首先,通过小波包对振动噪声的抑制作用,经由EMD方法,对非平稳信号进行平稳化处理;之后,通过HHT时频分析提取出轴承的故障频率。通过将仿真信号和航空试验器的高速工装轴承的故障试验信号进行对比分析,验证了该技术对提取该类轴承故障特征的有效性,可为轴承故障早期诊断方法的研究提供参考。     

小波降噪与BSS在航空发动机故障诊断中的应用

在航空发动机的故障诊断中,传感器测得的信号通常是非平稳的振动信号;受发动机工作环境影响,这些振动信号含有大量噪声且多路源信号相互混叠;传统的信号处理方法很难从此类信号中快速有效地提取出故障特征;运用小波阈值降噪结合盲源分离的方法对发动机振动信号进行了分析,并对某型航空涡扇发动机发生空中停车故障时的振动信号进行了分析,验证了该方法在航空发动机故障诊断中的有效性.     

基于小波分析的高速列车车体运行状态估计

基于监测数据评估高速列车空气弹簧和横向减振器等关键部件的运行状态, 针对车体垂向加速度振动信号, 提出了小波包能量矩的列车状态估计方法。首先分析车体垂向振动特征, 对不同工况和不同速度下的信号进行小波包分解, 并重构能量较大的频带信号, 再计算各频带的小波包能量矩特征, 不同频带信号的小波包能量矩变化反映了列车运行状态的改变。将不同频带的小波包能量矩组成特征向量, 最后用支持向量机进行故障识别。实验数据仿真分析表明, 列车空簧失气故障和横向减振器失效故障识别率为100%, 说明该方法能很好地估计出高速列车的故障状态。     

优化预测模型在航空发动机故障预测中的应用

在灰色预测模型的基础上,提出了改进背景值和初始值两种优化形式,对灰色系统进行优化,并应用小波包分解技术提取发动机转子振动信号的故障特征作为灰色预测系统的输入值,实现了对发动机转子的故障预测;通过实验仿真证明,这个优化灰色预测模型预测精度高,误差小,应用于航空发动机转子故障预测是完全可行和有效的.     

基于奇异值分解和小波包分析的液压泵振动信号特征提取方法

针对液压泵故障特征提取问题,提出了一种基于奇异值分解和小波包变换的液压泵振动信号特征提取方法.通过奇异值分解将噪声非均匀分布的液压泵振动信号正交分解为噪声分布相对均匀的分量,对各分量进行小波包阈值去噪,重构去噪后分量,对去噪后信号进行小波包分解,提取各频带能量特征.以齿轮泵为例,将该方法对齿轮泵的气穴故障、齿轮磨损和侧板磨损3种常见故障和正常状态的振动信号进行特征提取分析,结果表明,该方法可有效提取齿轮泵故障特征.     

基于小波包能量谱的往复式隔膜泵故障诊断研究

针对往复式隔膜泵故障的多元性、不确定性和并发性的特点,提出了基于小波包能量谱的往复式隔膜泵故障诊断方法。小波包能将振动信号分解到不同子频带,通过各子频带信号的能量变化反映设备运行状况。通过采集往复式隔膜泵振动信号,进行小波包分解为多个子频带,求出各频带的能量和能量比例,然后对比故障振动信号和正常振动信号的频带能量谱比例图,找出发生故障的频带,进而找出往复式隔膜泵的故障特征频率,诊断出故障。实验表明:通过小波包能量谱对往复式隔膜泵进行故障诊断是有效可行的。     

基于ART2神经网络的发动机故障诊断方法

发动机的故障诊断是一个动态的故障分类过程,许多故障诊断方法在对动态故障模式进行识别和分类时,存在对未知故障模式无法识别的问题。针对这一问题,引入ART2神经网络,利用db6小波包对发动机气缸盖的振动信号提取的特征向量作为网络的输入,应用实例证明,ART2神经网络不仅能正确识别学习过的故障模式,对突发、未知的故障模式也能很好地识别。     

基于HHT的液压管路裂纹故障诊断方法研究

将HHT方法应用于液压管路裂纹的故障诊断,提出基于HHT的液压管路裂纹故障诊断方法,并以正常液压管路和有裂纹液压管路为例进行实验验证。首先进行EMD（经验模态分解法）振动信号分解。将EMD和HHT方法引入航空发动机液压管路裂纹的振动信号分析,某发动机液压管路的裂纹振动信号的分析结果表明,该方法能够克服傅里叶谱无法同时获得时域和频域信息的缺陷。同时边际谱能够比较真实客观地反映有裂纹液压管路的频率和幅值分布情况。此外由边际频谱图中可知,无裂纹液压管路、有裂纹液压管路振动信号的频率能量分别集中于25 Hz,有裂纹的整体系统刚度大于无裂纹的。据此,有裂纹的管路,其振动加大的现象得以由HHT方法明显呈现。     

基于信息融合与CNN的齿轮箱故障诊断方法

齿轮箱在实际生产中面临复杂多变的工况,其部件的故障特征随工况发生改变,常规方法在变工况下难以有效识别故障。针对该问题,提出一种基于信息融合和卷积神经网络(IFCNN)的故障诊断方法。IFCNN使用多传感器信息融合和多域特征融合改进卷积神经网络(CNN),首先将不同位置的加速度传感器采集到的振动信号转换成频域、时频域信息,将来自不同传感器的信息融合,然后用CNN对故障信号的频域、时频域信息分别进行特征提取和多域特征融合,结合注意力机制选择重要特征进行故障分类。多组实验结果表明,IFCNN在变工况场景下,可有效提取齿轮箱振动信号的故障特征,12组变工况实验平均识别准确率为98.38%,明显高于所提出的对比方法。     

Intelligent diagnosis method for rolling element bearing faults using possibility theory and neural network

This paper presents an intelligent diagnosis method for a rolling element bearing; the method is constructed on the basis of possibility theory and a fuzzy neural network with frequency-domain features of vibration signals. A sequential diagnosis technique is also proposed through which the fuzzy neural network realized by the partially-linearized neural network (PNN) can sequentially identify fault types. Possibility theory and the Mycin certainty factor are used to process the ambiguous relationship between symptoms and fault types. Non-dimensional symptom parameters are also defined in the frequency domain, which can reflect the characteristics of vibration signals. The PNN can sequentially and automatically distinguish fault types for a rolling bearing with high accuracy, on the basis of the possibilities of the symptom parameters. Practical examples of diagnosis for a bearing used in a centrifugal blower are given to show that bearing faults can be precisely identified by the proposed method.     

A Hybrid Genetic Algorithm and Back-Propagation Classifier for Gearbox Fault Diagnosis

An Artificial Neural Network (ANN) classifier trained by a hybrid GA-BP method for diagnosis of gear faults is presented here that can be incorporated in an online fault diagnostic system of vital gearboxes. The distinctive features obtained from vibration signals of a running gearbox; that was operated in normal and with faults induced conditions were used to feed the GA-BP hybrid classifier. Time domain vibration signals were divided in 40segments. From each segment features such as magnitude of peaks in time domain and spectrum along with statistical features such as central moments and standard deviations were extracted to feed the classifier. Based on the experimental results it was shown that the GA-BP hybrid classifier can successfully identify gear condition. It was also shown that the network trained by GA-BP hybrid method performs much better than ANN that is trained by standard BP or GA individually. Further, it was also shown that if prior to extraction of features; the vibration signals are pre-processed by Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT) then efficacy of the GA-BP hybrid is significantly enhanced.     

航空发动机振动信号分析

借助计算机技术运用信号处理的方法对航空发动机飞行试验中所获得的振动数据进行分析处理，提取其振动特征量，能使我们更充分的了解发动机的工作特性，为进一步更好地设计、改进、制造和使用发动机提供必要的依据。本文研究了发动机振动信号的预处理和对信号的时域、幅域分析。为发动机振动信号的处理提供了理论依据。     

基于非线性输出频率响应函数的液压管路故障诊断研究

航空液压管路系统受到多源激励的影响,在工程应用中经常发生管路系统振动故障。针对长跨距管路系统振动故障定位困难的问题,采用光纤布拉格光栅（Fiber Bragg Grating,FBG）测试技术开展了长跨距管路系统振动信号分布式测量,并提出结合非线性输出频率响应函数（Nonlinear Output Frequency Response Function,NOFRF）分析方法实现液压管路系统卡箍松动和管体碰撞故障的准确定位。采用FBG传感器对长跨距管路系统振动信号进行分布式测量,克服了传统加速度测试过程中的电磁干扰和复杂布线问题;采用NOFRF指标提取卡箍松动和管体碰撞的故障特征,实现了对微弱故障的早期监测和准确定位。试验结果表明,所提方法可有效定位卡箍松动和管体碰撞故障。     

An SVM—ANN Hybrid Classifier for Diagnosis of Gear Fault

A hybrid classifier obtained by hybridizing Support Vector Machines (SVM) and Artificial Neural Network (ANN) classifiers is presented here for diagnosis of gear faults. The distinctive features obtained from vibration signals of a running gearbox, which was operated in normal and fault-induced conditions, were used to feed the SVM-ANN hybrid classifier. Time-domain vibration signals were divided in segments. Features such as peaks in time domain and in spectrum, central moments, and standard deviations were obtained from signal segments. Based on the experimental results, it was shown that SVM-ANN hybrid classifier can successfully identify gear condition and that the hybrid SVM-ANN classifier performs much better than standard versions of ANNs and SVM. The effectiveness of the hybrid classifier under noise was also investigated. It was shown that if vibration signals are preprocessed by Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT), efficacy of the SVM-ANN hybrid is significantly enhanced.     

Fault diagnosis and prognosis using wavelet packet decomposition, Fourier transform and artificial neural network

This paper proposes a method for classification of fault and prediction of degradation of components and machines in manufacturing system. The analysis is focused on the vibration signals collected from the sensors mounted on the machines for critical components monitoring. The pre-processed signals were decomposed into several signals containing one approximation and some details using Wavelet Packet Decomposition and, then these signals are transformed to frequency domain using Fast Fourier Transform. The features extracted from frequency domain could be used to train Artificial Neural Network (ANN). Trained ANN could predict the degradation (Remaining Useful Life) and identify the fault of the components and machines. A case study is used to illustrate the proposed method and the result indicates its higher efficiency and effectiveness comparing to traditional methods.