偏振模色散仿真器特性研究

光纤通信线路的偏振模色散已成为高速、长距离光纤通信系统发展的主要障碍之一 ,其特性、测量以及补偿方法的研究成为目前光纤通信研究热点之一。偏振模色散仿真器 ,用于仿真传输链路的偏振模色散特性 ,不仅可用于偏振模色散补偿器 ,也可用于高速长距离光纤通信系统的规划设计等。本文分析了光纤偏振模色散仿真器的研究现状 ,归纳总结了现有偏振模色散仿真器的设计原理和结构特征 ,并用蒙特卡罗法对常用的偏振模色散仿真器的特性进行了数值模拟     

Large PMD Compensated by Four Free Degrees in OTDM System

By introducing a two-stage polarization mode dispersion (PMD) compensator after a optical fiber link with a large PMD,over 270 ps first-order and 2 000 ps2 high-order PMD was compensated. The results show that the two-stage compensator can be used to PMD compensation in the 20 Gb/s optical time division multiplexing system with 60 km high PMD fiber. After compensating, the 270 ps DGD is changed into max. 7 ps. Moreover,the tunable FBG has a function of dispersion compensation.     

A one-input two-output channel representation of single-mode fibers with PMD

Polarization mode dispersion (PMD) in single-mode fibers is one of the biggest challenges in the design of future high-speed optical communication networks. To mitigate the PMD-induced intersymbol interference (ISI), it has been shown that linear equalization is one of the appropriate approaches . The design of equalizers requires knowledge of the channel. In this paper, we describe a single-mode fiber with PMD as an equivalent baseband single-input two-output channel, which not only conveys an alternative view of the PMD effects on transmitted signals, but also provides explicit information for the design of a PMD compensator based on the technique of linear equalization. Furthermore, we for the first time relate the polarization dispersion vector up to second order to the PMD channel response. This is useful for the theoretical analysis and simulation study aiming at clarifying the system impacts of lower order PMD, such as the effects of depolarization and polarization-dependent chromatic dispersion.     

偏振模色散补偿对脉冲展宽的影响

在高速光纤通信系统中,偏振模色散(PMD)已被认为是限制光纤通信系统性能的一个主要因素,而脉冲的均方根展宽是表征信号传输性能的一个重要的物理量.研究了偏振模色散对脉冲展宽的影响,推导出含有一阶偏振模色散补偿的光纤链路中偏振模色散矢量的自相关函数的分析表达式.在此表达式的基础上,推出了以高斯脉冲为例的一阶偏振模色散补偿系统中的均方根脉宽解析表达式.     

2.5 Gb/s偏振模色散自动补偿对偏振模色散容限值的影响

在我国现有的光纤通信骨干网中,绝大部分速率为2.5 Gb/s。今后如在我国现有的2.5 Gb/s网络系统上进行密集波分复用(DWDM)升级,亦需要考虑偏振模色散(PMD)对系统容量升级的影响。采用十段高双折射光纤级联而成的偏振模色散模拟器模拟实际光纤,从信号中提取基带频率分量作为反馈信号,对2.5 Gb/s系统进行了偏振模色散自动补偿实验,并对反馈前后的系统进行了系统代价的测量和比较。实验结果表明,偏振模色散自动补偿能较大幅度地提高系统的偏振模色散容限值。     

偏振模色散的抑制技术

当光纤通信系统单信道速率升级到40 Gbit/s以上时,偏振模色散(PMD)已经成为严重影响系统性能的主要因素.PMD是由于光纤结构的不完美性以及外界应力作用而产生的,是一个服从Maxwell分布的随机量.文中对现有的PMD抑制技术进行了分析评价,并针对波分复用系统中PMD的补偿提出了可行性的方案.     

System performance evaluation of the FSA submarine opticalamplifier system

The FSA submarine optical amplifier system developed for commercial use is designed to transmit 2.5 and 10 Gb/s signals flexibly; its repeater spacing is 90 km. It contains six line pairs to yield a maximum transmission capacity of 60 Gb/s. Its system configuration, and the characteristics of its fibers and optical amplifiers, which realize effective dispersion and optical passband management, are introduced. We discuss its performance with regard to the parameters significant in optically amplified transmission: evolution of zero dispersion wavelength (ZDW), polarization mode dispersion (PMD), and fiber nonlinearity induced impairments. Signal-to-noise ratios (SNR's) for 2.5 and 10 Gb/s signal transmission are measured and the improvements offered by polarization scrambling are also discussed. Finally, ZDW, PMD, and SNR characteristics of the system after installation are reported     

PMD-induced transmission penalties in polarization-multiplexed transmission

In this paper, we investigate for the first time chromatic dispersion and nonlinearity tolerances in the presence of polarization-mode dispersion (PMD) for polarization-multiplexed (POLMUX) 2 /spl times/ 10-Gb/s nonreturn-to-zero (NRZ) transmission. In polarization-multiplexing, the interaction between fiber nonlinearity and PMD can lower the nonlinear tolerance beyond the tolerances evident when considering both transmission penalties separately; the combined penalties are significantly worse than in the case for non-POLMUX transmission. In this paper, we show, through simulations comparing POLMUX with non-POMUX transmission in the presence of nonlinearity, a reduction of about a factor of three in PMD tolerance. In addition, we show that the dispersion tolerance of POLMUX transmission is severely limited in the presence of PMD. For example, a 40-ps differential group delay (DGD) with worst case coupling of the polarization channels into the fiber lowers the dispersion tolerance, resulting in a 1-dB eye-opening penalty (EOP), from 1200 to 450 ps/nm. We conclude that the interaction between PMD, chromatic dispersion, and nonlinearity leads to the worst signal impairments in POLMUX transmission and increases the effort of using polarization-multiplexing as a modulation format.     

Impairments Due to Polarization-Mode Dispersion in Chaos-Encrypted Communication Systems

In this letter, we present a numerical investigation of impairments due to polarization-mode dispersion (PMD) in chaos-encrypted communication systems. We show that PMD could affect master-slave synchronization, hence degrading system performance at typical PMD values of deployed fiber plants. We also analyze the effectiveness of a first-order compensation.     

色散管理传输系统中克尔效应对偏振模色散的补偿研究

光纤的随机双折射效应可导致脉冲无规展宽即偏振模色散(PMD)。在零路径色散管理孤子传输系统中，二阶色散和三阶色散效应均被完全补偿，克尔效应成为一种有害因素会使脉冲变窄，但是当光纤的随机双折射被考虑时，克尔效应正好与PMD相互抵消，使光脉冲准稳定传输，不同的光纤偏振模色散参数分别对应不同的最佳系统功率。此外，如果考虑不同偏振方向的损耗差异，则即使在最佳匹配条件下，微小的偏振损耗差异也可产生很大的脉宽波动。因此，偏振相关损耗是影响脉冲传输质量的相当重要的因素，不论在理论计算还是在工程设计中都应当认真考虑。     

温度对单模光纤偏振模色散的影响研究

随着光纤通信系统传输容量的不断发展 ,光纤中的偏振模色散 PMD成为限制高速光纤通信系统传输容量的极限因素。偏振模色散是由于光纤结构的不完善性或者受到外界应力的作用而产生的 ,因此偏振模色散受外界环境因素的影响较大。许多研究表明偏振模色散对温度具有较强的敏感性 ,是温度的函数。采用波长扫描法就温度对单模光纤偏振模色散的影响展开研究 ,研究结果表明 ,单模光纤偏振模色散将随着温度的升高而呈现减小的趋势     

Analysis of signal degree of polarization degradation used ascontrol signal for optical polarization mode dispersioncompensation

The basic property of degree of polarization (DOP) degradation of optical signal induced by polarization mode dispersion (PMD) in high-speed optical fiber transmission is investigated in detail. The DOP of the optical signal reflects the degree of waveform degradation caused by PMD, therefore, it is proposed to be used as the control signal judging the best compensation point for the optical adaptive PMD compensation techniques. However, the signal DOP is not only affected by PMD, but also by various factors, such as the modulation format, modulator chirp, fiber nonlinearity, amplified spontaneous emission (ASE), and so on. We use numerical simulations and experiments to explore the basic DOP property to detect PMD with these factors. We also show that using the signal DOP as control signal is especially useful for the optical duo-binary modulation because of its high sensitivity and wide PMD detection range     

高速光通信系统中的色散问题及其补偿研究

当光纤通信系统单信道速度升级到40Gbit/s及以上时，色度色散（CD）和偏振模色散（PMD）已经成为严重影响系统性能的主要因素。本文主要从补偿的必要性、关键技术、主要方法和解决方案等方面分别对CD和PMD及其补偿进行了较详细的研究。     

Statistical correlation between first and second-order PMD

We investigate the statistical correlation between first- and second-order polarization mode dispersion (PMD) effects, which is important for PMD mitigation. The theoretical results are compared to numerical simulations and experimental data from a real high-PMD fiber. A new dependence between first- and second-order PMD is found. We show that the root mean square (RMS) value of the second-order PMD component, perpendicular to the PMD vector, increases with the length of the PMD vector     

PMD-Supported Coherent Optical OFDM Systems

Although polarization-mode dispersion (PMD) greatly impairs conventional high-speed single-carrier systems, it is shown that for multicarrier systems such as coherent optical orthogonal frequency-division-multiplexed systems (CO-OFDM), not only does PMD not cause any impairment, but it also provides a benefit of polarization diversity against polarization-dependent-loss-induced fading and consequently improves the system margin. The PMD benefit to fiber nonlinearity reduction in CO-OFDM systems is also predicted     

光纤光栅偏振模色散的研究

分析了光纤光栅 (FBG)偏振模色散 (PMD)产生的原因 :写入光栅用的光敏光纤对紫外光吸收是不均匀的 ,呈指数型吸收。建立了光栅偏振模色散的模型 ,利用建立的模型计算了不同折射率调制的偏振模色散 ,计算的结果与用偏振模色散分析仪测得的结果符合得很好。理论和实验说明了光栅色散对偏振模色散的影响 :光纤光栅的色散增大 ,光栅的偏振模色散也增大。     

The effects of PMD and PDL on the performance of OOK and DPSK systems

Using multiple importance sampling （MIS） technique, the optical communication system performance affected by polarization-mode dispersion （PMD） and polarization-dependent loss （PDL） is simulated numerically. The power penalties and system outage probabilities are obtained for optical communication systems with on-off keying （OOK） or differential phase shift keying （DPSK） modulation. The simulation results show that DPSK always performs better than OOK. When the system has moderate PDL （about 1.5 dB）, it is necessary to compensate effectively the fiber PMD in order to enhance the system tolerance to the PMD and PDL. However, the efficiency of PMD compensation will degrade rapidly when the PMD of the whole optical link drops into the low value.     

单模光纤中椭圆双折射下偏振模色散特性研究

为了分析椭圆双折射对偏振模色散的影响,将模型中的偏振模色散(PMD)矢量及极化相关损耗(PDL)矢量设定为椭圆偏振矢量,应用保偏光纤(PMF)级联模型和蒙特卡罗仿真方法,研究在PDL影响下的PMD统计特性。研究表明,PMD和PDL矢量的椭圆偏振程度对PMD的统计分布和均值大小均会有影响;在椭圆偏振和PDL的联合影响下,PMD的统计分布为Maxwell和Gaussian分布的合分布。研究结果对偏振模色散的测试、补偿和系统设计均具有参考价值。     

Trans-oceanic 160-Gb/s single-channel transmission usingshort-period dispersion management

We demonstrate, by numerical simulation, the possibility of 160-Gb/s single channel transmission over distances >8000 km with no active control using a short-period dispersion managed fiber, in the absence of polarization-mode dispersion (PMD). The performance of this system is limited by the growth of continuous-wave background instabilities, resulting from strong filtering, and the accumulation of jitter. However, when introduced, the effects of PMD become the dominant limiting factor     

偏振模色散对光纤数字通信系统影响的讨论

详细介绍了光纤偏振模色散产生的原因及描述模型 ,重点分析了光纤偏振模色散对光纤数字通信系统的影响 ,并指出了它是对未来高码率光纤数字传输系统的主要限制。最后讨论了光纤偏振模色散的补偿方法。