基于实体模型的产品形状特征识别

依据实体造型的特点,从模型空间的特征层入手,搜寻模型空间中的简单形状特征,并根据造型特点获取单个特征在零件模型上的几何拓扑关系,从而实现形状特征的自动识别.通过分析特征实体造型,提出一种基于实体模型的产品形状特征识别方法,并结合微波器件产品开发特征参数提取模块,实现复杂零件模型形状特征的自动识别与提取.该方法为快速建立企业零件库提供途径,也为网络环境下的协同设计和数据共享奠定基础.     

零件语义关系几何模型及其基因编码

为完整描述零件信息,通过分析零件的静态特征构成,定义拉伸和旋转等6种特征操作算子;研究特征间的动态语义关系,得出“和约束特征”和“并约束特征”两种合理性约束特征;将两者有机结合,实现静态特征间的动态语义连接,建立基于特征造型技术的零件语义关系几何模型（Part Semantic Relationship Geometry Model,PSRGM）．根据模型树的动态生成过程以及特征编码结构,完成特征基因编码,实现零件特征序列的DNA编码．以曲轴为例,说明该方法的应用．     

特征的自动识别规则与提取

在对箱体类零件的加工特征及特征参数进行了分析,归纳和总结,在特征实体造型进行了研究的基础上,制定了各类特征的合理的识别规则和 识别算法,及提取的信息模型,实现了对复杂箱体类零件的加要特征信息自动提取,及CAD／CAPP系统的信息自动传递。     

An integrated form-feature-based design system for manufacturing

Much of the knowledge that is applied in or communicated between design and manufacturing activities is primarily shape based or shape indexed. Previous attempts to acquire and organize shape knowledge have been mostly concentrated on feature recognition from solid models, group technology (GT) coding schemes, and feature-based modeling. This paper presents the development of an efficient form-feature-based modeling system, and addresses the important issue of utilizing feature information for manufacturing, which has not been extensively discussed by previous work. In this paper we first present a Euler operator-based approach for efficient and effective form-feature encoding and manipulation in a feature-based design environment. Subsequently, a hybrid representation scheme called enhanced CSG tree of feature (ECTOF), which integrates feature model with solid model in a tree structure, is discussed. A feature interference resolution methodology to maintain the correct and consistent feature information in an ECTOF is also deliberated. Finally, we present a machinability-checking module, which employs global accessibility criteria to analyze a feature's machinability on a three-axis machining center. By developing feature interference resolving and machinability testing techniques and integrating with an efficient feature-based design system, this research makes the development of an integrated feature-based design and manufacturing system possible.     

Feature Setup Determination in Integrated CAD/CAM System For Concurrent Engineering

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一种预测流程剩余时间的可解释特征分层方法

流程剩余时间预测对于业务异常的预防和干预有着重要的价值和意义.现有的剩余时间预测方法通过深度学习技术达到了更高的准确率,然而大多数深度模型结构复杂难以解释预测结果,即不可解释问题.此外,剩余时间预测除了活动这一关键属性还会根据领域知识选择若干其他属性作为预测模型的输入特征,缺少通用的特征选择方法,对于预测的准确率和模型的可解释性存在一定的影响.针对上述问题,提出基于可解释特征分层模型(explainable feature-based hierarchical model,EFH model)的流程剩余时间预测框架.具体而言,首先提出特征自选择策略,通过基于优先级的后向特征删除和基于特征重要性值的前向特征选择,得到对预测任务具有积极影响的属性作为模型输入.然后提出可解释特征分层模型架构,通过逐层加入不同特征得到每层的预测结果,解释特征值与预测结果的内在联系.采用LightGBM (light gradient boosting machine)和LSTM (long short-term memory)算法实例化所提方法,框架是通用的,不限于选用算法.最后在8个真实事件日志上与最新方法进行比较.实验结果表明所提方法能够选取出有效特征,提高预测的准确率,并解释预测结果.     

面向概念设计的实体草绘建模

提出了一种简单、快速、高效的基于草绘设计的概念模型创建方法.该方法模仿传统的纸笔草绘设计方式,允许用户自由地在笔式用户界面上勾画特征笔划,然后根据笔划的形状和位置关系采用基于特征的实体建模方法构造不同的扫描特征体素.在此基础上,采用了基于意图捕捉的特征添加及切削机制创建复杂的实体模型,给出了一些关键算法的实现过程.实验结果表明:该方法能够较好地应用到联机三维概念模型快速创建过程中.     

基于特征的反求工程建模系统RE-SOFT

RE-SOFT作为一个专业化的反求工程建模软件在业界拥有较高的知名度，其许多核心技术独具特色．介绍了该软件的整体架构、主要功能和若干关键技术．通过对数据预处理、特征提取、特征重建和编辑中的一些核心技术的介绍，展示了反求工程领域的最新研究成果．叶片反求建模的应用分析表明，应用该系统进行反求建模可以获得完整特征表达的理想CAD模型．最后总结了RE-SOFT的主要特色，并给出了今后反求工程领域的主要研究方向．     

From form features to semantic features in existing MCAD: An ontological approach

Today’s product development processes rely on Mechanical Computer-Aided Design (MCAD) systems that implement a geometric-centered perspective in design. The development of long discussed feature-based MCAD has not yet led to systems that truly support semantic and functional representation of features, which hampers also the use of these models for functional reasoning. This paper investigates the present feature-based MCAD limitations. It illustrates, through simple examples, how to use ontological analysis and feature re-classification to introduce software extensions in existing MCAD that achieve a newer level of semantic representation of features, and enhance the cognitive understanding of the final model. The proposal also shows how to automatically validate these features from the functional viewpoint.     

基于级联Adaboost的目标检测融合算法

单一特征的模型对于颜色纹理变化较大的目标的检测往往存在检测率不高或检测速度慢的缺点. 本文提出了一种基于级联Adaboost的``级联--加和'融合算法. 融合模型由两个独立训练得到的级联Adaboost分类器组成, 分别利用边界片段特征和矩形类Haar小波特征描述整个目标以及目标的一个稳定部件. 级联--加和的融合决策以样本在两个分类器中被拒绝或通过的级数信息为依据. 在多个数据库上的实验证明这种融合检测算法不仅综合了Haar小波特征检测速度快和边界片段特征鲁棒性好的优点, 而且与单一特征的分类器相比, 检测性能也有所提高.     

A feature-based method of rapidly detecting global exact symmetries in CAD models

Detecting global exact symmetries in CAD models is of great importance in the research of CAD/CAE integration. Therefore, a method is proposed in this paper to rapidly detect the global exact rotational and reflectional symmetries in feature-based CAD models. The theories of determining the symmetries of the Boolean combinations of the features are framed. Based on these theories, our approach is processed as follows. First, the features of the CAD models are classified into congruent feature sets. Next, through the study on the relationship between feature information and the symmetries of features, by using only feature information, as many symmetries of the feature sets as possible are detected. Then these feature sets are sorted into an ordered sequence. Finally, symmetries of the entire model can be derived by successively merging and verifying the symmetries of feature sets in the ordered sequence. Experimental results show that the global exact symmetries can be robustly and rapidly detected.     

基于特征点的合成孔径雷达复图像自动配准算法

提出了一种干涉合成孔径雷达复图像对的自动配准算法,利用Harris特征点检测算子,完成了特征点检测;根据匹配点对之间最大相关和距离相近的结论设计了匹配算法,进行了特征点对的匹配;首先通过Harris特征点检测算子提取特征点;其次根据提出的匹配算法建立点的对应关系;最后利用两步法完成复图像的亚像元级配准;实验结果表明,该算法具有较高的配准精度。     

STEP特征模型及其在集成环境中的应用研究

从STEP特征模型、CAD／CAPP特征建模、STEP工具集的构造、模型映射等角度,论述了STEP技术在CIM领域的应用,在此基础上,阐述了“即插即用”的特征映射及信息集成技术,并讨论了一种在STEP工具集的支持下,以独立于具体系统的方式实现CAD／CAPP特征信息集成的方法。     

基于特征的设计过程模型

产品造型和设计过程的应用与研究表明特征是设计中的信息组织单元，设计是一个特征变换的过程，记录设计过程比存贮设计结果更重要。本文建立了基于特征的设计过程模型，并讨论其应用，研究与实践。     

Local parameterization of freeform shapes using freeform feature recognition

Form feature modeling is a much used shape modeling technique that offers high-level control over a shape. When a feature-based interpretation of shape data is not available, e.g. when a shape is obtained by a laser range scanner or from a database of shapes, then the features must be reconstructed through feature recognition. Many methods for the recognition of machining features exist, but these methods cannot be used for freeform feature recognition, of which the complexity is much larger. In this paper, a new freeform feature recognition method is presented that is based on a new definition of the freeform feature concept. The method uses a three-step approach to feature recognition, in which first the global shape of a feature is matched to the target shape model. In a second step, this global shape is locally adapted to the target shape by adapting the definition of the feature. Finally, if the desired configuration of the feature has been determined, it can be used to reconstruct the target’s shape. In the first two steps, an evolutionary approach is taken to maximizing the similarity between the feature and the target shape. Finally, the target shape is reconstructed to incorporate the recognized feature. An extensive application example is given and the method is validated by applying it to a large number of artificially created test cases.     

Robust localized image watermarking based on invariant regions

The robustness of the localized watermarking methods mainly depends on the robustness of the feature locating the watermark. Based on the mean luminance of the disk, a rotation and scale invariant feature extraction algorithm is proposed. A theoretical verification of the rotation and scale invariance of extracted feature points in the continuous image is further performed. The extracted feature points are used to construct rotation and scale invariant circular regions, where the watermark is embedded after affine normalization. Experimental results show that the constructed regions fit the watermarking applications much better than those in previous feature-based watermarking schemes from the aspect of robustness against common attacks including filtering, JPEG compression, cropping, rotation and scaling, and the proposed localized image watermarking scheme has better robustness than previous feature-based watermarking schemes against common signal process and geometrical attacks while maintaining imperceptibility.     

结合变步长的两阶段视频镜头边界检测方法

直方图法检测视频镜头边界存在误检和漏检问题,单独采用边缘特征的方法存在高计算复杂度问题。综合两种方法的优点对视频进行两阶段检测。即先采用直方图法,在此基础上,利用边缘特征和变步长进行再次检测。实验结果表明,新的检测方法能有效地避免上述两个问题,在兼顾检测效率的同时提高了检测的查全率和查准率。     

A graphical model based solution to the facial feature point tracking problem

In this paper a facial feature point tracker that is motivated by applications such as human-computer interfaces and facial expression analysis systems is proposed. The proposed tracker is based on a graphical model framework. The facial features are tracked through video streams by incorporating statistical relations in time as well as spatial relations between feature points. By exploiting the spatial relationships between feature points, the proposed method provides robustness in real-world conditions such as arbitrary head movements and occlusions. A Gabor feature-based occlusion detector is developed and used to handle occlusions. The performance of the proposed tracker has been evaluated on real video data under various conditions including occluded facial gestures and head movements. It is also compared to two popular methods, one based on Kalman filtering exploiting temporal relations, and the other based on active appearance models (AAM). Improvements provided by the proposed approach are demonstrated through both visual displays and quantitative analysis.     

Feature-based and Clique-based User Models for Movie Selection: A Comparative Study

The huge amount of information available in the currently evolving world wide information infrastructure at any one time can easily overwhelm end-users. One way to address the information explosion is to use an ‘information filtering agent’ which can select information according to the interest and/or need of an end-user. However, at present few information filtering agents exist for the evolving world wide multimedia information infrastructure. In this study, we evaluate the use of feature-based approaches to user modeling with the purpose of creating a filtering agent for the video-on-demand application. We evaluate several feature and clique-based models for 10 voluntary subjects who provided ratings for the movies. Our preliminary results suggest that feature-based selection can be a useful tool to recommend movies according to the taste of the user and can be as effective as a movie rating expert. We compare our feature-based approach with a clique-based approach, which has advantages where information from other users is available. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

A flexible and effective NC machining process reuse approach for similar subparts

NC machining process reuse is widely accepted as an effective strategy for engineers to generate the process plan with less time and lower cost. However, there has been very little research on how to reuse the NC machining process of similar subparts. As a result, most reusable NC machining process still has to remain in the repository as tacit knowledge, which can easily get lost due to oblivion. This paper proposes a novel NC machining process reuse approach for similar subparts in which existing NC machining process cases are described in association with machining features. First, a feature-based parameter-driven model is established to formalize the links between information imbedded in the machining feature and the parameters of cutting tools, drive geometries, and machining strategies. Then, the NC process parameter-driven characteristic of similar feature is revealed from the perspective of machining geometry, machining precision of the feature, and cutter geometry. Moreover, an NC process reusability assessment approach of similar pocket/subpart is presented using the pocket’s medial axis transform. Finally, the NC machining process inheritance mechanisms are explored to implement the NC machining process reuse automatically and efficiently. A prototype system based on CATIA has been developed to verify the effectiveness of the proposed approach.