一种基于双向互匹配的视差图算法

提出一种视差图生成算法,利用左图像和右图像双向互匹配的的方法,从图像中获取左-右和右-左的视差图和梯度场,接着采用Winner-Take-All策略,对两幅视差图像进行匹配,得到初始视差图。最后,对视差图上存在的误匹配点进行优化。通过实验验证,该算法能够有效地提高匹配视差图的准确度。     

基于控制点的分层双向动态规划立体匹配算法

提出一种基于控制点的分层双向动态规划立体匹配算法．首先，利用改进Volumetric迭代算法获取具有高可靠度的控制点，将其作为具有正确视差的匹配点．其次，在高可靠度控制点的指导下，利用分层双向动态规划算法在DSI（disparity-space image）视差空间图中进行初匹配，进而在Delta DSI（delta disparity-space image）视差变化空间图中进行精匹配，从而获取高密度视差图．实验结果表明，该算法不仅可以改善传统直接动态规划立体匹配算法产生的带状条纹瑕疵，而且计算速度较快，匹配结果也优于传统动态规划的匹配结果．     

基于线性滤波的树结构动态规划立体匹配算法

传统的动态规划立体匹配算法能有效保证匹配精度的同时提高运行速度, 但得到的视差深度图会出现明显的条纹现象,同时在图像弱纹理区域以及边缘存在较高的误匹配. 针对该问题,提出了一种新的基于线性滤波的树形结构动态规划立体匹配算法. 算法首先运用改进的结合颜色和梯度信息参数可调的自适应测度函数构建左右图像的匹配代价, 然后以左图像为引导图对构建的匹配代价进行滤波; 再运用行列双向树形结构的动态规划算法进行视差全局优化, 最后进行视差求精得到最终的视差图.理论分析和实验结果都表明, 本文的算法能有效地改善动态规划算法的条纹现象以及弱纹理区域和边缘存在的误匹配.     

快速视差范围估计算法及其应用

视差范围估计在立体匹配中非常重要,准确的视差范围能提高立体匹配的精度和速度.为此提出一种基于匹配代价搜索和图像细分的快速视差范围估计算法.该算法将输入图像均匀分成多个图像块,采用匹配代价搜索计算每一图像块的视差,找到视差最大(最小)的图像块,并利用迭代细分规则将该图像块继续分成更小的子块,直至得到稳定的最大(最小)视差;利用匹配代价图对图像块进行可靠性检测,以解决弱纹理块容易误匹配的问题.实验结果表明,文中算法在保持97.3%的平均命中率的同时将立体匹配的平均搜索空间降低了27.7%,比采用传统算法可以得到更准确的视差范围;将该算法应用于立体匹配算法中降低了其平均误匹配率,并将计算时间缩短了20%~45%.     

基于立体匹配的低纹理图像重构算法

针对立体匹配中低纹理区域容易产生误匹配及传统动态规划固有的条纹问题,提出一种改进的基于双目立体视觉的低纹理图像三维重构算法。该算法首先基于像素间相似度和像素自身特异性计算匹配代价并引入一种自适应多边形支撑区域聚集匹配度。然后采用一种全局意义的简单树形动态规划进行逐点匹配。最后基于左右一致性准则运用一种简单有效的视差校正方法消除误匹配得到最终视差图。实验证明将算法运用于实拍低纹理灰度图像的匹配,得到轮廓光滑清晰的三维点云,说明该方法的适用性。     

提取轮廓图背景控制点的立体匹配算法

针对动态规划匹配算法的误匹配与狭窄遮挡物问题,提出一种在轮廓图中提取背景控制点的立体匹配算法,在立体图像对的轮廓图中选择背景控制点,利用动态规划在视差空间图像中搜索最优路径,根据视差约束以及狭窄遮挡物的判定公式完善视差图。仿真实验结果表明,该算法能够降低在视差不连续区域匹配上的误匹配率。     

一种用于立体图像匹配的改进稀疏匹配算法

立体匹配有着广泛的应用前景,是计算机视觉领域的研究热点。立体匹配是立体视觉中最为关键和困难的一步,它的目标是计算标识匹配像素位置的视差图。文中提出的立体匹配算法基于置信传播（Belief Propagation,BP）。左图像首先经过非均匀采样,得到一个内容自适应的网格近似表示。算法的关键是使用基于置信传播的立体匹配算法,匹配稀疏的左图像和右图像得到稀疏视差图。通过左图像得到网格,稀疏视差图可以经过简单的插值得到稠密视差图。实验结果表明,该方法与现有稀疏立体匹配技术相比在视差图质量上平均有40％的提高。     

一种沿区域边界的动态规划立体匹配算法

提出一种基于图像区域分割的立体匹配算法.与通常的沿扫描行进行动态规划的立体匹配算法不同,该算法以图像"区域"为基元计算视差.首先使用相关法得到初始视差,然后利用一种区域边界上的多种子动态规划算法对视差进行精细计算,最终通过插值得到整个图像的稠密视差.实验结果表明,此算法速度较快、可靠性较高.     

一种改进的区域双目立体匹配方法

双目立体匹配是机器视觉中的热点、难点问题。分析了区域立体匹配方法的优缺点,提出了改进的区域立体匹配方法。首先,采集双目视觉图像对对图像对进行校正、去噪等处理,利用颜色特征进行图像分割,再用一种快速有效的块立体匹配算法对图像进行立体匹配。然后,在匹配过程中使用绝对误差累积(SAD)的小窗口来寻找左右两幅图像之间的匹配点。最后,通过滤波得到最终的视差图。实验表明:该方法能够有效地解决重复区域、低纹理区域、纹理相似区域、遮挡区域等带来的误匹配问题,能得到准确清晰的稠密视差图。     

一种应用于双目移动机器人目标跟踪的新型立体匹配算法

针对移动机器人目标跟踪对立体匹配准确性和实时性的要求,提出了一种基于平行配置系统的改进WTA算法;首先提取图像的边缘点和两幅视图间存在较大差异的点作为特征点;然后对特征点采用WTA算法进行立体匹配,而对非特征点仅进行简单的验证,其视差值为邻近像素的视差值;最后得到致密的视差图;该算法提取的特征点集中于视差不连续区域,实验结果表明该算法匹配精度与现有其它算法相当,但计算速度很好地满足了实时性的要求,并且边缘特性较好,是一种匹配准确、实时性好的立体匹配算法。     

Dense Features for Semi-Dense Stereo Correspondence

We present a new feature based algorithm for stereo correspondence. Most of the previous feature based methods match sparse features like edge pixels, producing only sparse disparity maps. Our algorithm detects and matches dense features between the left and right images of a stereo pair, producing a semi-dense disparity map. Our dense feature is defined with respect to both images of a stereo pair, and it is computed during the stereo matching process, not a preprocessing step. In essence, a dense feature is a connected set of pixels in the left image and a corresponding set of pixels in the right image such that the intensity edges on the boundary of these sets are stronger than their matching error (which is the difference in intensities between corresponding boundary pixels). Our algorithm produces accurate semi-dense disparity maps, leaving featureless regions in the scene unmatched. It is robust, requires little parameter tuning, can handle brightnessdifferences between images, nonlinear errors, and is fast (linear complexity).     

Trinocular Stereo Using Shortest Paths and the Ordering Constraint

This paper describes a new algorithm for disparity estimation using trinocular stereo. The three cameras are placed in a right angled configuration. A graph is then constructed whose nodes represent the individual pixels and whose edges are along the epipolar lines. Using the well known uniqueness and ordering constraint for pair by pair matches simultaneously, a path with the least matching cost is found using dynamic programming and the disparity filled along the path. This process is repeated iteratively until the disparity at all the pixels are filled up. To demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach, we present results from real world images and compare it with the traditional line by line stereo using dynamic programming.     

基于分割导向滤波的亚像素精度立体匹配视差优化算法*

针对局部立体匹配中存在的弱纹理区域匹配精度较低、斜面等区域容易产生视差阶梯效应等问题,文中提出基于分割导向滤波的视差优化算法,以获得亚像素级高精度匹配视差.首先依据左右一致性准则对立体匹配的初始视差进行误匹配检验及均值滤波修正.然后在修正视差图上确定区域分割导向图,对修正视差进行区域导向滤波优化,获得亚像素级高精度的视差结果.实验表明,文中算法能有效改善斜面等区域的视差不平滑现象,降低初始视差的误匹配率,获得较高精度的稠密视差结果.     

Stereo by intra- and inter-scanline search using dynamic programming

This paper presents a stereo matching algorithm using the dynamic programming technique. The stereo matching problem, that is, obtaining a correspondence between right and left images, can be cast as a search problem. When a pair of stereo images is rectified, pairs of corresponding points can be searched for within the same scanlines. We call this search intra-scanline search. This intra-scanline search can be treated as the problem of finding a matching path on a two-dimensional (2D) search plane whose axes are the right and left scanlines. Vertically connected edges in the images provide consistency constraints across the 2D search planes. Inter-scanline search in a three-dimensional (3D) search space, which is a stack of the 2D search planes, is needed to utilize this constraint. Our stereo matching algorithm uses edge-delimited intervals as elements to be matched, and employs the above mentioned two searches: one is inter-scanline search for possible correspondences of connected edges in right and left images and the other is intra-scanline search for correspondences of edge-delimited intervals on each scanline pair. Dynamic programming is used for both searches which proceed simultaneously: the former supplies the consistency constraint to the latter while the latter supplies the matching score to the former. An interval-based similarity metric is used to compute the score. The algorithm has been tested with different types of images including urban aerial images, synthesized images, and block scenes, and its computational requirement has been discussed.     

融合边缘保持与改进代价聚合的立体匹配算法

目的 立体匹配是计算机双目视觉的重要研究方向,主要分为全局匹配算法与局部匹配算法两类。传统的局部立体匹配算法计算复杂度低,可以满足实时性的需要,但是未能充分利用图像的边缘纹理信息,因此在非遮挡、视差不连续区域的匹配精度欠佳。为此,提出了融合边缘保持与改进代价聚合的立体匹配。方法 首先利用图像的边缘空间信息构建权重矩阵,与灰度差绝对值和梯度代价进行加权融合,形成新的代价计算方式,同时将边缘区域像素点的权重信息与引导滤波的正则化项相结合,并在多分辨率尺度的框架下进行代价聚合。所得结果经过视差计算,得到初始视差图,再通过左右一致性检测、加权中值滤波等视差优化步骤获得最终的视差图。结果 在Middlebury立体匹配平台上进行实验,结果表明,融合边缘权重信息对边缘处像素点的代价量进行了更加有效地区分,能够提升算法在各区域的匹配精度。其中,未加入视差优化步骤的21组扩展图像对的平均误匹配率较改进前减少3.48%,峰值信噪比提升3.57 dB,在标准4幅图中venus上经过视差优化后非遮挡区域的误匹配率仅为0.18%。结论 融合边缘保持的多尺度立体匹配算法有效提升了图像在边缘纹理处的匹配精度,进一步降低了非遮挡区域与视差不连续区域的误匹配率。     

基于自适应权重的遮挡信息立体匹配算法

针对传统局部立体匹配算法在深度不连续区域误匹配率高的问题,提出一种基于自适应权重的遮挡信息立体匹配算法。首先,采用左右一致性检测算法检测参考图像与目标图像的遮挡区域;然后利用遮挡信息,在代价聚合阶段降低遮挡区域像素点所占权重,在视差优化阶段采用扫描线传播方式选择水平方向最近点填充遮挡区域的视差;最后,根据Middlebury数据集提供的标准视差图为视差结果计算误匹配率。实验结果表明,基于自适应权重的遮挡信息匹配算法相对于自适应权重算法误匹配率降低了16%,并解决了局部立体匹配算法在深度不连续区域误匹配率高的问题,提高了算法的匹配精确性。     

Stereo-camera-based object detection using fuzzy color histograms and a fuzzy classifier with depth and shape estimations

This paper proposes a new method of detecting an object containing multiple colors with non-homogeneous distributions in complex backgrounds and subsequently estimating the depth and shape of the object using a stereo camera. To extract features for object detection, this paper proposes fuzzy color histograms (FCHs) based on the self-splitting clustering (SSC) of the hue-saturation (HS) color space. For each scanning window in a pyramid of scaled images, the FCH is obtained by accumulating the fuzzy degrees of all of the pixels belonging to each cluster. The FCH is fed to a fuzzy classifier to detect an object in the left image captured by the stereo camera. To find the matched object region in the right image, the left and right images are first segmented using the SSC-partitioned HS space. The depth of the object is then found by performing stereo matching on the segmented images. To find the shape of the object, a disparity map is built using the estimated object depth to automatically determine the stereo matching window size and disparity search range. Finally, the shape of the object is segmented from the disparity map. The experimental results of the detection of different objects with depth and shape estimations are used to verify the performance of the proposed method. Comparisons with different detection and disparity map construction methods are performed to demonstrate the advantage of the proposed method.