从铋碲精矿分离回收铋碲的新工艺

对铋碲精矿的处理 ,传统的方法是火法冶炼。采用湿法冶金工艺 ,直接分离并回收铋碲 ,在国内尚未见报道。试验以某地浮选产出的铋碲精矿为原料 ,采用氧化浸出—还原—置换的湿法分离回收工艺 ,获得铋碲产品总回收率分别为 96.93%和 81.70 % ,达到了分离提取的目的 ,为铋碲精矿的分离回收利用提供了新的途径     

铜铋分离研究现状

介绍了黄铜矿和辉铋矿的性质,论述了目前铜铋浮选分离和铜铋湿法分离两个方面的研究进展。     

氯氧铋湿法还原制备海绵铋的研究

研究了氯氧铋湿法还原制备海绵铋的方法。将氯氧铋置于盐酸溶液中搅拌溶解,溶解过程中加入铁粉还原铋离子,最后得到铋含量80%左右的海绵铋。研究了盐酸浓度、液固比、铁粉加入前反应时间、铁粉用量、铁粉加入后反应时间、反应温度对铋还原效果的影响,得出反应最佳条件为:盐酸浓度2.5 mol/L、液固比5∶1、铁粉加入前反应时间0.5 h、铁粉用量为理论量1.25倍、铁粉加入后反应时间3 h、反应温度常温,此时海绵铋中铋含量为84.93%。     

从盐酸BiCl_3溶液中隔膜电积回收铋的研究

介绍了一种回收铋的清洁湿法冶金新工艺,运用隔膜电积法从盐酸BiCl3溶液中回收铋,并考察了电流密度、温度、HCl、Bi3+和NaOH的浓度对电积的影响。结果表明:在电流密度150 A/m2、温度45~55℃、3.5 mol/L HCl、110 g/L Bi3+、15 g/L NaOH的最佳条件下,阳极NaOH反应生成NaClO3,Bi3+在阴极上沉积得到致密金属铋,电流效率最高可达到98.82%,阴极铋纯度为99.80%。电积后将阳极和阴极电积液返回循环利用,实现了物料的闭路循环。     

湖南某企业铋冶炼工艺设计

从炼铋原料、工艺流程、主要设备、技术经济指标、节能环保及主要创新等方面介绍湖南某企业铋冶炼工艺设计。该系统是目前世界上最大的铋冶炼系统,采用了先进的熔炼和电解技术,资源综合利用和节能减排方面也较为完善。     

火法-湿法联合工艺处理铅铋银硫化矿综合回收有价金属

研究采用火法-湿法联合工艺处理铅铋银硫化矿，综合回收有价金属。铅铋银硫化矿直接碱法熔炼，分别处理产出的铅铋合金、浮渣和冰铜，回收铅、铋、银、铜、钼、锌等。“火法-湿法联合流程”适宜于铅、铋、贵金属及稀散金属的混合硫化矿，有价金属的综合回收效果良好。该方法对环境无污染，能耗和原材料消耗少，金属综合回收率高，是清洁生产工艺。     

某企业铋冶炼工艺设计

设计了一套目前世界最大的铋冶炼工艺,并从炼铋原料、工艺流程、主要设备、技术经济指标、节能环保及主要创新等方面进行了介绍。     

中国铋供需形势分析及对策建议

铋(Bismuth)是全球公认的一种可安全使用的"绿色金属"。目前,铋广泛应用于氧化铋行业、医药行业、铋合金及焊料和冶金添加剂等领域。中国是全球最大的铋资源国、生产国、消费国和出口国,但不是铋产业强国,因此及时认清当前中国铋的供需形势,是国家和企业制定发展战略的基础。本文在全球视野下,首先对中国铋的资源状况、生产供应、需求现状、贸易等进行综合分析,然后结合中国铋未来发展趋势,作出了2030年左右中国铋的需求量将达到峰值18000t的判断。文章最后针对中国铋产业面临的突出问题,分别从资源开发、资源回收、技术提高和降低国际市场风险等方面提出了中国铋产业健康发展的对策建议。     

矿浆电解法处理铋精矿的研究

本文采用独特的湿法冶金技术──矿浆电解法，在盐酸－三氯化铁一氯盐体系中，就湖南柿竹园铋精矿的处理进行了系统的理论探讨和条件试验研究，提出了相应的浸出机理。浸出过程发现，溶液中适量的铁离子的存在，可以提高浸出速率，提高阳极电流效率。石墨阳极反应主要是铁高子的转换反应，浸出过程主要是辉铋矿与盐酸的分解反应及三价铁和Ｈ２Ｓ的氧化还原反应，阳极浸出过程机理如下：Ｂｉ２Ｓ３＋６ＨＣｌ＋（２ｎ一６）Ｃｌ－＝２ＢｉＣｌｎ（３－ｎ）＋３Ｈ２Ｓ（ｎ＝１￣６）２Ｆｅ３＋＋Ｈ２Ｓ＝２Ｆｅ２＋＋Ｓｏ＋２Ｈ＋Ｆｅ２＋－ｅ＝Ｆｅ３＋阴极发生铋的沉积：Ｂｉｃｌｎ（３－ｎ）－３ｅ＝Ｂｉ＋ｎＣｌ－（ｎ＝１～６）Ｆｅ３＋＋ｅ＝Ｆｅ２＋     

从尾矿中回收铋的试验研究与生产实践

介绍了用浮选法强化回收尾矿中铋的试验研究 ,提出在生产过程中掌握的几个技术问题。分析了大量的试验和生产数据 ,证明该项目的研究与应用是成功的 ,仅此可提高全厂铋综合回收率 12 %以上 ,从而使该矿铋选矿总回收率达到 5 6 %～ 5 8%,每年为企业创利 2 0万元以上 ,效果显著。     

湿法炼铅研究进展

通过湿法冶金途径从硫化铅精矿中提取铅,是颇具吸引力的方法。本文介绍了处理铅精矿的湿法炼铅研究工作进展并对各种方法进行评述;重点放在铅的氯化湿法冶金,包括铅精矿直接电解、铅精矿的三氯化铁浸出、从中间产物氯化铅中回收铅及复杂硫化矿处理的研究。     

A review on hydrometallurgical extraction and recovery of cadmium from various resources

Cadmium is a toxic metal, which is primarily produced as a by-product from mining, smelting and refining of sulphide ore concentrates of zinc. Secondary cadmium is recovered from spent Ni–Cd batteries. Some cadmium is also recovered from zinc sinter plant fume, EAF dust, cadmium containing alloys, cadmium containing fluorescent materials, etc. In all cases cadmium is associated with some other impurities depending on the source. The hydrometallurgical processing is very effective for treating such materials because it can control the different levels of impurities. The most common lixiviant used to dissolve the desired metals is sulphuric acid. In the present paper, the hydrometallurgical processes have been described for the recovery of cadmium from various resources using sulphuric acid as the main lixiviant. The leach solution obtained has been purified using cementation or solvent extraction methods. The metal is then produced from the purified solution by electrowinning or precipitation with zinc dust and melting.     

镍精矿除铜的单纯形优化

本文简要叙述了单纯形优化的基本思想与寻优步骤。应用单纯形法对镍精矿—阳极泥—镍电解阳极液反应体系的深度除铜条件进行了寻优试验,其结果与前人的试验及工业实践基本相同,表明单纯形优化方法是确定多变量湿法冶金体系中某些重要因素的一种快速而简单的方法。     

Determination of oxygen solubility in aqueous sulphuric acid media

Oxygen is an essential element in numerous hydrometallurgical leaching processes where it acts as a primary or a secondary oxidant in the dissolution of sulphic concentrates. A common acidic leaching medium is sulphuric acid. It was found crucial to define experimentally the solubility and the rate of mass transfer of oxygen in various sulphuric acid environments prior to direct leaching experiments of sulphuric zinc concentrates, and a laboratory scale equipment was developed for the analysis of oxygen concentrations in aqueous acid media. This paper discusses the solubility and dissolution of oxygen as a function of temperature and concentration of sulphuric acid. Also, the effect of temperature (25–55 °C), gas flow rate (0.75–2.25 l/min) and acid concentration (up to 2 M) on the mass transfer coefficient k_La between gas and liquid is evaluated.     

The application of the GeoBiotics GEOCOAT® biooxidation technology for the treatment of sphalerite at Kumba resources’ Rosh Pinah mine

Confronted by failing metal prices and rising costs, progressive resource companies are examining novel methods for metal recovery. Conventional pyrometallurgical methods are subject to increasingly strict environmental regulations, high smelting charges and regional limitations resulting in potentially high transport charges. Pressure hydrometallurgical methods have several advantages including the ability to produce metal directly at the mine site thus reducing transport costs, closed circuit effluent treatment and reduced impurity penalties. Unfortunately, these processes are capital and maintenance intensive. Certainly other novel processes exist but many suffer from high reagent costs and unproven metal recovery methods. Fortunately low cost treatment alternatives exist in the form of heap biooxidation.GeoBiotics, LLC, together with Kumba Resources Limited, is adapting the GEOCOAT^® heap biooxidation technology to treat sphalerite concentrates. GeoBiotics originally developed the GEOCOAT^® system for the treatment of refractory gold deposits and has since expanded the technology for the treatment of copper, nickel and cobalt. Now, with the industrial support of Kumba, GEOCOAT^® is being successfully applied for the treatment of sphalerite concentrates. Testing indicates that zinc extractions in excess of 95% can be achieved from the Rosh Pinah concentrate.     

Innovative Processing and Hydrometallurgical Treatment Methods for Complex Antimony Ores and Concentrates. Part II: Hydrometallurgy of Complex Antimony Ores

The article presents results of hydrometallurgical and bio-treatment of antimony ores and recommend new dissolvents for antimony sulfides. The authors introduce a processing plant which is a single operating processor of antimonic gold-bearing alloys with the successful electrolytic refining of anodes and production of cathode antimony and noble metal slurry in Russian Federation.     

湿法冶金建设项目安全风险模糊综合评价

将模糊综合评价法应用到湿法冶金建设项目安全评价研究中,建立了湿法冶金建设项目安全风险模糊综合评价模型,并以某镍、钴湿法冶炼建设项目安全评价为例进行了研究,得到了评价对象安全风险等级和影响因素权重值分布,实现了对评价对象整体性量化评估,也为评价湿法冶金建设项目安全状况和风险程度提供了新的研究方法和思路。     

Hydrometallurgical processing of Platreef flotation concentrate

Platinum producers are evaluating hydrometallurgical process routes to extract platinum group metals (PGM) and base metals (BM) from flotation concentrate that are alternative to conventional pyrometallurgical matte smelting treatment of flotation concentrates. This approach would attract several potential benefits to the cost-effective processing of lower-grade and high-chromium concentrates. Ivanhoe Nickel and Platinum Ltd. wished to investigate this option on samples arising from their Platreef project in the northern limb of the Bushveld Complex in South Africa, from concentrate containing 1.5 g/t Pt, 2.5 g/t Pd and 0.5 g/t Au, as well as 1.5% Ni and 1.2% Cu. Other PGMs assayed rather low grades in the concentrate (Rh 128 ppb; Ru 153 ppb; Os 18 ppb; Ir 31 ppb) so the focus was on Pt, Pd and Au in this study. Some twenty-two hydrometallurgical process flowsheet variants were considered for evaluation in a testwork programme combining several conventional and proprietary unit process technologies.The testwork outcomes suggested that a hydrometallurgical flowsheet alternative to smelting (the patented Kell Process) is potentially a practical, environmentally benign and energy-efficient approach for treating low-grade Platreef concentrate with relatively low risk. This process broadly comprises selective leaching of base metals by pressure oxidation, followed by leaching of PGMs after a roasting pretreatment step shown to render PGMs and particularly Pt amenable to leaching. The process embodies separation of the value metals (PGM and base metals) into separate chloride and sulfate solution streams, respectively, and impurity elements (Fe, Al and gangue) into a tailings product. Key elemental deportments from the un-optimized process were Ni 96%, Co 94%, Cu 94%, Pt 96%, Pd 94% and Au 87%.Preliminary work indicated that further improvements in value metal recoveries, impurity separations and reagent consumptions may be gained from further optimization of the individual unit processes. Moreover, the recycle of key reagents uses existing proven technologies, rendering the process more economically and environmentally favourable. Initial assessment suggests that the Kell Process should offer both economic and environmental benefits over conventional pyrometallurgical matte smelting treatment of Platreef flotation concentrate.     

Aqueous metal recovery techniques from e-scrap: Hydrometallurgy in recycling

Waste of electric-electronic equipment (WEEE) with an annual growth rate of about 3-5% is the fastest growing waste stream in municipal wastes. Notwithstanding their environmental pollution potential, waste of electrical and electronic equipment (WEEE) with their high content of base and precious metals, in particular, are regarded as a potential secondary resource when compared with ores. For the recovery of metals from WEEE, various treatment options based on conventional physical, hydrometallurgical and pyrometallurgical processes are available. These process options with particular reference to hydrometallurgical processes were reviewed in this study. With their relatively low capital cost, reduced environmental impact (e.g. no hazardous gases/dusts), potential for high metal recoveries and suitability for small scale applications, hydrometallurgical processes are promising options for the treatment of WEEE. Since the metals are present in native form and/or as alloys, an oxidative leaching process is required for the effective extraction of base and precious metals of interest. A two-stage process based on oxidative acid leaching of base metals (Cu in particular) followed by leaching of precious metals using cyanide, thiosulfate, thiourea or halide as lixiviant(s) can be suitably developed for the hydrometallurgical treatment of WEEE. However, further research is required to develop new, cost effective and environmentally friendly processes and/or refine existing ones for leaching and, in particular, downstream processes.