太阳能光伏玻璃及其薄膜的开发与应用(三)

3光伏TCO镀膜玻璃3.1 TCO镀膜玻璃的特性及种类3.1.1特性与种类TCO(Transparent conducting oxide)玻璃是一种镀有导电膜的光伏玻璃,即透明导电氧化物镀膜玻璃,它是在平板玻璃表面通过物理或者化学的方法均匀镀上一层透明的导电氧化物薄膜,主要包括In、Sn、Zn和Cd的氧化物及其复合多元氧化物薄膜材料。TCO导电薄膜的导电原理是在原本导电能力很弱的本征半导体中掺入微量的其他元素,使半导体的导电性能发生显著变化。这些微量元素被称为杂质,掺杂后的半导体     

南玻集团自主研发的TCO二线成功量产

南玻集团自主研发的薄膜太阳能电池用离线TCO镀膜玻璃第二条生产线于2011年6月底成功量产，并成功向客户批量供货，其产品性能优于国内同类产品，已达国际先进指标。这标志着南玻集团已成功掌握了TCO生产设备和工艺的核心技术，也使集团在TCO镀膜玻璃产能扩大方面取得了重大突破，     

减反射玻璃透光性能对光伏组件输出功率的影响

根据太阳光谱曲线和电池的光谱响应特性分析了减反射玻璃的透光性能对光伏组件输出功率的影响,引入不同透过率曲线形态下的理论短路电流值来比较功率增益。将三组不同透过率曲线形态的减反射玻璃以及未镀膜玻璃和晶硅电池进行了组件封装并测试输出功率。从测试结果看,与未镀膜玻璃相比,功率增益随着透过率曲线峰值的后移增大,这主要是因为太阳能电池功率测试仪使用的脉冲式氙灯光谱和太阳能光谱曲线的偏差造成的。     

光伏镀膜玻璃安全性能评价方法

光伏镀膜玻璃作为晶体硅光伏组件的重要支撑部件之一,其产品质量和安全性能直接关系组件产品的整体安全性能。从不同安全性能指标、不同标准及要求等方面阐述了各安全性能指标对光伏镀膜玻璃安全性能的影响、评价方法及标准要求,结果可为不同类型光伏组件产品在原辅材料光伏镀膜玻璃的选型提供参考和便利。     

光伏镀膜玻璃研究进展及发展趋势

光伏镀膜玻璃是指在玻璃原片上制备一层或多层膜以减反增透,提升光学性能和耐环境老化性能,从而提高光伏组件发电效率。文中介绍了光伏镀膜玻璃的基本原理,通过典型产品的膜层结构、膜层厚度、孔隙率等参数分析不同产品的光学性能和微观结构差异。结合市场需求和前沿技术,从多功能化、薄片化、定制化、环保化等角度探讨了光伏镀膜玻璃的发展趋势。海洋环境等极端环境条件下的应用也对光伏镀膜玻璃提出了新的挑战。相关结果可为光伏镀膜玻璃的生产和研究提供参考和依据,也可为产品开发和市场拓展提供思路。     

光伏玻璃镀膜常见问题及分析

光伏面板玻璃通过辊涂法镀膜后能有效提高玻璃透光率.介绍了光伏玻璃辊涂法镀膜过程中常见的缺陷,从镀膜设备、镀膜工艺、镀膜原料和外界环境几个方面分析了玻璃产生镀膜缺陷的原因,并提出了相应的解决方法.     

南玻TCO导电玻璃最新产品亮相

2010年5月5-8日举行的SNEC第四届（2010）国际太阳能光伏大会暨（上海）展览会上,南玻集团首条太阳能薄膜电池用TCO导电玻璃生产线生产的TCO导电玻璃最新产品首次公开亮相,引起了业内热烈反响。     

陕西神木瑞诚玻璃扩建800t/d浮法线工程项目签约

南玻集团首条年产46万平米太阳能薄膜电池用TCO导电玻璃生产线已于2010年1季度正式量产，这使南玻集团率先成为国内唯一具备薄膜光伏电池用TCO导电玻璃量产能力的企业，并成功打破了少数日美生产厂商在该领域的长期垄断。南玻集团已于2010年5月在上海举行的SNEC第四届国际太阳能光伏展览会上首次公开展示1100mm1×400mmTCO导电玻璃最新产品，     

光伏玻璃的分类与产品适用范围

本文按照光伏系统组件中对玻璃的不同性能要求和所起的作用，将光伏玻璃分为了封装盖板玻璃、透明导电玻璃和聚光组件玻璃三大类。进而系统阐述了不同种类的光伏玻璃所适用的电池类型及其应用特性。     

我国镀膜玻璃发展新动向

镀膜玻璃是玻璃表面的改性产品,其生产技术工艺日臻成熟,产品品种和功能日渐增加,应用范围日益扩大.特别是在用于建筑节能、新能源开发以及电子信息行业的Low-E玻璃、TCO玻璃和ITO玻璃等功能性镀膜玻璃将成为市场的主流和研究重点.     

Thin‐film polyimide/indium tin oxide composites for photovoltaic applications

Soluble polyimides were prepared from suitable monomers and were evaluated for their thermal and mechanical properties. The polymers were processed into films for use as supports for transparent, conductive indium tin oxide (ITO) layers. After deposition, annealing in vacuo at temperatures up to 400°C was performed to test the ability of the materials to endure typical device fabrication temperatures without damage to the ITO‐coated polymeric substrate. The evolution of the structural, optical, and electrical characteristics with the annealing temperature was analyzed and compared with that of polymeric and conventional glass substrates as references. Polyimide 6F6F, synthesized from hexafluoroisopropylidene diphthalic dianhydride and hexafluoroisopropylidene dianiline, had optimal characteristics for photovoltaic applications, permitting the achievement of conductive, ITO‐coated samples with optical transmission greater than 75% in the visible and near‐infrared wavelength ranges, without significant deterioration of their properties after vacuum annealing at temperatures up to 350°C. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 103: 3491–3497, 2007     

Improved photocurrent of a poly (3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)-ClO₄⁻/TiO₂ thin film-modified counter electrode for dye-sensitized solar cells

We prepared a poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT)-ClO??-supported TiO? thin-film electrode as a counter electrode on a transparent conductive oxide glass electrode for a dye-sensitized solar cell (DSSC) using a combination of sol-gel and electropolymerization methods. The photocurrent-voltage characteristics indicate that DSSCs with PEDOT-ClO??/TiO? thin-film counter electrodes had a high photovoltaic conversion efficiency similar to that of PEDOT-ClO??/TiO? particle composite-film electrodes. Furthermore, it was found that the photocurrent was increased by attaching a reflector to the opposite side of the transparent counter electrode.     

溶胶-凝胶方法在玻璃表面制备ATO薄膜过程中Na+离子扩散的研究

利用金属醇盐以溶胶-凝胶方法制备了Sb掺杂SnO2(ATO)薄膜,研究了玻璃基板中Na+离子扩散对薄膜性能的影响及其机理,并进行了在玻璃表面预镀SiO2底膜以防止这种扩散的研究工作,发现预镀SiO2底膜后可以有效地阻止Na+离子的扩散从而改善了ATO薄膜的导电性能.     

不同衬底上ZnO:Al透明导电薄膜的性能

室温下,采用射频磁控溅射法在玻璃和聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯（polyethylene terephthalate,PET）上沉积了掺铝的氧化锌（ZnO：Al,AZO）透明导电薄膜。通过X射线衍射仪分析不同衬底上AZO薄膜的结构,采用四探针测试仪及紫外可见光分光光度计测试薄膜的光电性能。结果表明：沉积在两种衬底上的AZO薄膜都具有六方纤锌矿结构,最佳取向均为[002]方向;玻璃衬底和PET衬底上制备的AZO薄膜的方阻分别为19/sq和45/sq,薄膜透光率均高于90%。实验表明,柔性衬底透明导电氧化物薄膜可以代替硬质衬底透明导电薄膜使电子器件向小型化、轻便化方向发展。     

Polymer photovoltaic devices with transparent graphene electrodes produced by spin-casting

Large-area, smooth, transparent and conductive graphene films were produced by a spin-coating method using graphene solutions. Bulk heterojunction polymer organic photovoltaic devices using these pure graphene films as a transparent anode were fabricated and studied. A direct pure graphene film electrode ensured that the device fabrication cost remained low and the processing was simple. The photovoltaic device displayed a power-conversion efficiency of 0.13%.     

Comparative study of sol–gel derived tin-doped indium- and aluminum-doped zinc-oxide coatings for electrical conducting and low-emitting surfaces

Cost-efficient transparent conductive oxide (TCO) compounds based on doped zinc oxide (e.g. aluminum zinc oxide – AZO) have been investigated in addition to the well-established functional coatings of doped indium oxide (e.g. indium tin oxide – ITO). The electrical, morphological and optical properties of both types of coatings are compared. For the deposition of transparent conductive oxides, such as tin-doped indium oxide and aluminum-doped zinc oxide on soda-lime glass, enhanced sol–gel processes have been used. Colloidal solutions consisting of inorganic precursors were applied via dip-coating technique, crystallized on the substrate and subsequently annealed in a reducing atmosphere in order to enrich the number of free charge carriers and the electrical conductivity, respectively. In addition to the conventional layer properties like high transparency in the visible spectral region, this work mainly focuses on the comparison of the infrared-optical characteristics in the mid and far infrared spectral range. The directional-hemispherical reflectance and transmittance of functional ITO and AZO multilayer structures with thicknesses of 50–500 nm were measured in the wavelength range between 0.25 and 35 μm and the thermal emission at ambient temperature was calculated and correlated with the electrical layer properties and the doping level of the coatings. To gain further insights, important characteristics of the coatings, such as layer thickness, surface smoothness, electrical conductivity, doping level, band gap energy as well as the position of the plasma wavelength were analyzed using UV–VIS- and IR-spectroscopy, SEM-, EDX-, XRD- and 4-point conductivity measurements. Both types of the functional coatings are highly transparent in the visible spectral region with over 80% and their specific resistivity reaches values up to 3 × 10⁻⁴ Ω cm. By applying multilayered coatings on soda-lime glass, the surface emittance was reduced from 89% to less than 20% in the infrared spectral range.     

Effect of post annealing treatment on electrochromic properties of spray deposited niobium oxide thin films

Niobium oxide thin films were deposited on the glass and fluorine doped tin oxide (FTO) coated glass substrates using simple and inexpensive spray pyrolysis technique. During deposition of the films various process parameters like nozzle to substrate distance, spray rate, concentration of sprayed solution were optimized to obtain well adherent and transparent films. The films prepared were further annealed and effect of post annealing on the structural, morphological, optical and electrochromic properties was studied. Structural and morphological characterizations of the films were carried out using scanning electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy and X-ray diffraction techniques. Electrochemical properties of the niobium oxide thin films were studied by using cyclic-voltammetry, chronoamperometry and chronocoulometry.     

Textured dense zinc oxide layers for active noise canceling windows

Dense ZnO films with a strong c-axis texture have been deposited on transparent conductive oxide glass, glass, and Si wafers, respectively, with a two-step pressureless wet chemical method using zinc acetate dihydrate as Zn-precursor. The crystallographic structure of the films has been studied with XRD and scanning electron microscopy. Optical measurements reveal a high transparency of the ZnO films with a thickness of up to 10 μm. This new cost-effective route for ZnO film deposition does not require expensive sophisticated equipment and is easily upscaled.     

柔性透明导电膜的研究进展

随着电子器件,特别是平板显示器朝轻薄化方向的快速发展,柔性透明导电膜因其具有重量轻、柔软性好等优点而相应成为研究的热点。本文结合近年来柔性透明导电膜领域的最新研究成果,综合介绍其特性、种类、主要制备工艺技术及市场应用情况,最后展望了柔性透明导电薄膜研究发展的趋势,即正朝着高品质、高效率、低成本、环保的方向发展,虽然现在工业应用仍以氧化物透明导电薄膜为主,但银盐法和印刷法导电网格膜、导电高分子膜、金属纳米导电涂层材料、碳纳米管等新型柔性透明导电膜的制备技术、工艺不断完善,透明导电薄膜材料市场必将呈现多元化。     

Zinc oxide films deposited by radio frequency plasma magnetron sputtering technique

Zinc oxide (ZnO) is a wide band gap transparent conductive oxide (TCO) material with a lot of potential applications including transparent thin-film sensors, transistors (TFTs), solar cells, and window insulation systems. In this work, ZnO films were deposited on glass substrates by the radio frequency (RF) plasma magnetron sputtering deposition technique. The effects of the RF power on the properties of the ZnO films were elucidated. The influences of the RF power on the surface morphology, structural, and optical properties of the ZnO films were investigated by Mahr surface profilometer, Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM), X-ray diffractometer (XRD), and ultraviolet–visible (UV–VIS) spectrophotometer. To allow for accurate comparison of the power effects, ZnO films with similar thickness deposited at different RF powers were examined. The RF power effects on the properties of the ZnO films are revealed and discussed in this paper.