蔗汁酒精发酵中酵母菌株筛选及发酵工艺优化

以甘蔗汁为培养基比较CICC1308、As2．1190、广西贵糖4608、As2．109（GIM2．34）和R12（GIM2．84）五株酿酒酵母的酒精发酵特性。通过酒精耐受性及发酵能力测试,选出适合蔗汁酒精发酵的菌株为CICC1308。通过CICC1308菌株发酵工艺的单因素试验对发酵液原始pH值、发酵温度、接种量及发酵时间进行优化。结果表明：发酵液原始pH值5．0、发酵温度30~C、接种量15％（v／v）和发酵时间60h为最优条件试验,酒精产率可达92．15％。     

西瓜皮葛根果酒加工工艺

以西瓜皮、葛根和白砂糖为主要原料,经酵母菌发酵后制成西瓜皮葛根保健果酒。通过预试验确定选用葡萄酒安琪酵母进行发酵。采用单因素试验确定了酒精发酵过程中较适宜的糖度为21%~23%,最佳酒精发酵时间为8 d,酵母用量为3%,p H值为3.0~5.0。正交试验确定酒精发酵的最佳工艺组合为:葛根粉与西瓜皮质量比为1∶40,糖度为24%,酵母菌添加量为3%,p H值为5。     

西瓜皮汁乳酸发酵饮料的研究

研究了以西瓜皮为原料,生产具有西瓜风味的乳酸菌发酵饮料的工艺过程。通过正交实验确定最佳发酵条件为:西瓜皮汁90%,牛乳10%,白砂糖6%,发酵剂5%,发酵液pH6.5,在42℃的温度下发酵36h。     

西瓜皮法乳酸发酵饮料的研究

研究了以西瓜皮为原料,生产具有西瓜风味的乳酸菌发酵饮料的工艺过程.通过正交实验确定最佳发酵条件为西瓜皮汁90%,牛乳10%,白砂糖6%,发酵剂5%,发酵液pH6.5,在42℃的温度下发酵36h.     

软枣猕猴桃酒精发酵饮料的研制

以软枣猕猴桃和啤酒花为主要原料,经发酵研制低度酒精发酵饮料。主要研究了软枣猕猴桃酒精发酵饮料的配方和工艺。通过L9（3^4）正交试验确定了该饮料的最佳配方为：软枣汁15％、啤酒花0．8％、白砂糖12％、柠檬酸0．10％;最佳发酵工艺条件为：酵母菌接种量0．10％、发酵温度20℃、发酵时间12h。     

西瓜皮汁乳酸发酵饮料的研究

研究了以西瓜皮为原料,生产具有西瓜风味的乳酸菌发酵饮料的工艺过程。通过正交实验确定最佳发酵条件为:西瓜皮汁90%,牛乳10%,白砂糖6%,发酵剂5%,发酵液pH6.5,在42℃的温度下发酵36h。      

桑果醋发酵工艺研究

以桑果、糯米为原料，采用液态发酵法，酿制风味独特、营养丰富的桑果醋。通过对桑果汁压榨、浸提、澄清和酒精发酵、醋酸发酵等工艺的研究，确定桑果汁酶解澄清的最佳方案是：果胶酶添加量为0．035％、淀粉酶0．014%、明胶0．018％、硅溶胶0．018％；确定主要工艺参数为：酒精发酵阶段桑果清汁：糯米糖化醪=2：1，接种量5％，25℃发酵72h，酒精浓度6．0％，醋酸发酵阶段温度为33℃-35℃，接种量6．0％，起始pH6．0，500mL三角瓶装液量100mL，在转速140r／min条件下振荡培养72h左右，得到的成品醋酸度适宜，口感、风味良好。     

西瓜皮果酒的研制

以西瓜皮和白砂糖为主要原料,经酵母菌发酵后制成西瓜皮果酒。通过单因素实验确定了酒精发酵过程中较适宜的糖度为18%～22%,最佳酒精发酵时间为6 h,酵母用量为3%,pH值为3.0～5.0。正交实验确定酒精发酵的最佳工艺组合为:糖度为22%,酵母菌用量为3%,pH值为4。     

桑果保健醋发酵工艺研究

以桑果、糯米为原料,采用液态发酵法,经过酒精发酵和醋酸发酵,研制出风味独特、营养丰富的桑果保健醋。通过对桑果汁压榨、浸提和澄清、酒精发酵、醋酸发酵等主要工艺的研究,确定了主要工艺参数：桑果汁酶解澄清的最佳添加量是果胶酶0.035％、淀粉酶0．014％、明胶0．018％和硅溶胶0．018％;适宜的醋酸发酵条件为温度33—36℃,酒精浓度6．0％,接种量6．0％,起始pH值6．0,在转速140r／min条件下振荡培养72h左右桑果保健醋酸度适宜,口感、风味良好。为指导中试提供了重要的依据。     

蔗汁茶酒发酵工艺研究

以甘蔗汁和广西特产西山绿茶为原料,研究了蔗汁茶酒的发酵工艺。以原料比、pH值、糖度、接种量和温度对发酵过程的影响进行单因素试验,通过正交优化得到蔗汁茶酒的最佳主发酵工艺为：蔗汁：茶汁为1：2、初始pH值3．7、糖度20°Bx、接种量4％、温度19℃。产品达到国家食品要求,风格独特,营养成分高,具有一定保健作用。     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

An internet compendium of analytical methods and spectroscopic information for monomers and additives used in food packaging plastics

An internet website (http://cpf.jrc.it/smt/) has been produced as a means of dissemination of methods of analysis and supporting spectroscopic information on monomers and additives used for food contact materials (principally packaging). The site which is aimed primarily at assisting food control laboratories in the European Union contains analytical information on monomers, starting substances and additives used in the manufacture of plastics materials. A searchable index is provided giving PM and CAS numbers for each of 255 substances. For each substance a data sheet gives regulatory information, chemical structures, physico-chemical information and background information on the use of the substance in particular plastics, and the food packaging applications. For monomers and starting substances (155 compounds) the infra-red and mass spectra are provided, and for additives (100 compounds); additionally proton NMR are available for about 50% of the entries. Where analytical methods have been developed for determining these substances as residual amounts in plastics or as trace amounts in food simulants these methods are also on the website. All information is provided in portable document file (PDF) format which means that high quality copies can be readily printed, using freely available Adobe Acrobat Reader software. The website will in future be maintained and up-dated by the European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC) as new substances are authorized for use by the European Commission (DG-ENTR formerly DGIII). Where analytical laboratories (food control or other) require reference substances these can be obtained free-ofcharge from a reference collection housed at the JRC and maintained in conjunction with this website compendium.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Chlorohydrins of bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (BADGE) and of bisphenol F diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in canned foods and ready-to-drink coffees from the Japanese market

BADGE.2HCl and BFDGE.2HCl were determined in 28 samples of ready-to-drink canned coffee and 18 samples of canned vegetables (10 corn, 5 tomatoes and 3 others), all from the Japanese market. HPLC was used as the principal analytical method and GCMS for confirmation of relevant LC fractions. BADGE.2HCl was found to be present in one canned coffee and five samples of corn, BFDGE.2HCl in four samples of canned tomatoes and in one canned corn. No sample was found which exceeded the 1mg/kg limit of the EU for the BADGE chlorohydrins. However the highest concentration was found for the sum of BFDGE.2HCl and BFDGE.HCl.H₂O at a level of 1.5mg/kg. A Beilstein test confirmed that all cans containing foods contaminated with BADGE.2HCl or BFDGE.2HCl had at lest one part coated with a PVC organosol.     

Analysis of benzo[a]pyrene in spiked fatty foods by second derivative synchronous spectrofluorimetry after microwave-assisted treatment of samples

A simple, rapid and inexpensive method has been developed for the determination of benzo[a     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. II: Certification study

This paper describes the second part of a project undertaken to develop certified mussel reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins. In the first part two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the certification exercise. Fifteen laboratories participated in this certification study and were asked to measure saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The participants were allowed to use a method of their choice but with an extraction procedure to be strictly followed. The study included extra experiments to verify the detection limits for both saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin. Most participants (13 of 15) were able to meet all the criteria set for the certification study. Results for saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of <0.07 mg/kg in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels. Results obtained for decarbamoyl-saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of 1.59+/-0.20 mg/kg. The results for saxitoxin.2HCl in enriched blank mussel yielded a certified mass fraction of 0.48 +/- 0.06 mg/kg. These certified reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel material are the first available for laboratories to test their method for accuracy and performance.     

European priorities for research to support legislation in the area of food contact materials and articles

A strong science base is required to underpin the planning and decision-making process involved in determining future European community legislation on materials and articles in contact with food. Significant progress has been made in the past 5 years in European funded work in this area, with many developments contributing to a much better understanding of the migration process, and better and simpler approaches to food control. In this paper this progress is reviewed against previously identified work-areas (identified in 1994) and conclusions are reached about future requirements for R&D to support legislation on food contact materials and articles over the next 5 or so years.     

Announcing a new international peer-reviewed journal:Food Science and Human Wellness now accepting manuscript submission in English

<正>We are pleased to announce the launch of a new international peer-reviewed journal-Food Science and Human Wellness,ISSN 2213-4530,which is an open access journal,produced and hosted by Elsevier B.V.on behalf of Beijing Academy of Food Sciences.Food Science and Human Wellness is an international peer-reviewed English journal that provides a forum for the dissemination of the