一种多群进化规划算法

在分析了导致进化规划算法早熟原因的基础上，提出了一种改进的多群进化规划算法。在该算法中，进化在多个不同的子群闰并行进行，通过使用不同的变异策略，实现种群在解空间具有尽可能分散探索能力的同时，在局部具有尽可能细致的搜索能力。通过子群重组实现子群间的信息交换，基于典型算例的数字仿真证明，该算法具有更好的全局收敛性，更快的收敛速度和更强的鲁棒性。     

基于遗忘策略的双群进化规划算法

在分析导致进化规划算法早熟原因的基础上,提出了一种基于遗忘策略的双群进化规划算法.在该算法中,进化在两个不同的子群间并行进行,其中一个子群使用遗忘策略不断淘汰和更新个体以实现在变量空间中足够分散的探索,另一个子群使用指数递减的高斯变异算子以实现在子群所在的局部尽可能细致搜索.通过种群重组实现子群间的个体与信息交流.基于典型算例的数字仿真证明该算法具有更好的全局收敛性,更快的收敛速度和更强的鲁棒性.     

基于双种群的小生境差分进化算法

将非线性方程组的求解问题转化为函数优化问题,当方程组有多个解时,它的适应值函数就是具有多个最优解的多峰函数.为此,提出了基于双种群的小生境差分进化算法.在该算法中,进化在两个不同的子群间并行进行,通过使用不同的变异策略,实现种群在解空间具有尽可能分散的探索能力的同时在局部具有尽可能细致的搜索能力.通过子群重组实现子群间的信息交换,然后引入小生境淘汰机制.对典型测试函数的优化结果表明,该算法能找到全部解,而且精度好.     

基于双种群的进化策略算法

针对进化策略算法收敛速度较慢、容易早熟的问题,提出一种新的基于双种群的改进进化策略算法。将种群划分为规模较小的精英子群和规模较大的普通子群。精英子群用于存放种群中最优秀的个体,普通子群用于存放种群中的普通个体。对不同的子群采用不同的变异策略,使种群在解空间具有尽可能分散的全局搜索能力的同时在局部具有尽可能精细的局部搜索能力。通过理论分析证明了算法的正确性,对几个典型的函数应用该算法进行模拟进化实验,也取得了良好的效果。     

基于单纯形法的双群人工鱼群算法

针对基本人工鱼群算法中人工鱼漫无目的随机游动或在非全局极值点的大量聚集的不足,提出了一种基于单纯形法的双群人工鱼群算法.在该算法中,两个不同的子群并行游动,通过子群重组进行子群间的信息交换,实现鱼群在解空间的探索和搜索能力,然后通过单纯形法进行局部再搜索.基于典型的函数和实例测试验证,表明该算法收敛速度快、精度高,具有更好的性能.     

动态双子群协同进化果蝇优化算法

针对基本果蝇优化算法(FOA)寻优精度不高和易陷入局部最优的缺点,提出动态双子群协同进化果蝇优化算法(DDSCFOA).该算法在运行过程中根据群体的进化水平,动态地将整个种群划分为先进子群和后进子群;先进子群采用混沌算法在局部最优解邻域内进行精细的局部搜索,后进子群采用基本FOA算法进行全局搜索,较好地平衡局部搜索能力和全局搜索能力;两个子群间的信息通过全局最优个体的更新和种群个体的重组进行交换.DDSCFOA算法能跳出局部极值,避免陷入局部最优.仿真结果表明,动态双子群协同进化的策略有效可行,DDSCFOA算法比基本FOA算法具有更好的优化性能.     

一种基于混沌变异的双群进化规划算法

易早熟收敛是传统进化规划算法的致命缺点。该文在分析了导致进化规划算法早熟原因的基础上,提出了一种基于混沌变异的多群进化规划算法。在该算法中,进化在两个并行的子群间同时进行,一个种群使用混沌变异算子对解空间进行充分的探索,另一个种群使用指数衰减的高斯变异算子对局部进行详尽搜索,种群问的信息交换通过种群的个体交流实现。对典型算例的数值仿真表明,该算法能够改善传统的进化规划算法易早熟收敛的弱点,同时具有良好的快速收敛性和参数鲁棒性。     

基于多尺度并行免疫克隆优化聚类算法

针对无监督分类问题,提出一种多尺度并行免疫克隆优化聚类算法.算法中,进化在多个子群之间并行进行,不同子群的抗体根据子群适应度采用不同变异尺度.进化初期,利用大尺度变异子群实现全局最优解空间的快速定位,同时变异尺度随着适应值的提升逐渐降低;进化后期,利用小尺度变异子群完成局部解空间的精确搜索.将新算法与其他聚类算法进行比较,所得结果表明新算法具有较好的聚类性能和鲁棒性.     

基于单纯形的双群人工鱼群算法

针对基本人工鱼群算法中人工鱼漫无目的随机游动或在非全局极值点的大量聚集的不足,提出了一种基于单纯形法的双群人工鱼群算法。在该算法中,两个不同的子群并行游动,通过子群重组进行子群间的信息交换,实现鱼群在解空间的探索和搜索能力,然后通过单纯形法进行局部再搜索。基于典型的函数和实例测试验证,表明该算法收敛速度快、精度高,具有更好的性能。     

一种协调勘探和开采能力的粒子群算法

提出一种新的协调勘探和开采能力的粒子群优化算法. 该算法将种群分为随机子群和进化子群, 随机子群增加了算法全局解空间的勘探能力, 在运行过程中通过随机子群进化信息生成解优胜区域指导进化粒子向着最优解子空间逼近. 为了提高算法收敛速度, 算法只在进化子群进入收敛阶段时才对其进行指导, 以防止增加种群多样性导致算法开采能力下降的问题. 将此算法与其他改进粒子群算法进行比较, 实验结果表明, 该算法有较好的全局收敛性, 不仅能有效地克服其他算法易陷入局部极小值的缺点, 而且算法收敛速度和稳定性都有显著提高.     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。     

How do children do mathematics with LOGO?

Abstract  This paper considers some results of a study designed to investigate the kinds of mathematical activity undertaken by children (aged between 8 and 11) as they learned to program in LOGO. A model of learning modes is proposed, which attempts to describe the ways in which children used and acquired understanding of the programming/mathematical concepts involved. The remainder of the paper is concerned with discussing the validity and limitations of the model, and its implications for further research and curriculum development.