固定床吸附器透过曲线参数优化方法

开发了一种固定床吸附器透过曲线参数估值的优化方法，用Ｂａｓｉｃ语言编制了运算程序，并在普及型２８６微机上考核了该法的可靠性，相对误差在１％以下，运算机时７．５ｍｉｎ。     

热泵吸附器中传热传质过程的研究

对吸附式热泵循环系统中的传热传质进行了理论分析和实验研究,建立了吸附器中热传导方程.计算求解值与实验结果相一致,说明了吸附器中的传热速率控制了热泵循环速度.据此,对吸附器中强化传热肋片进行了模拟分析,作为吸附器优化设计的理论依据.     

空分装置吸附器出口二氧化碳含量超标的原因及改造

分析分子筛吸附器出口空气中二氧化碳含量超标的原因,通过模拟计算．提出将低温甲醇洗的二氧化碳尾气改至从锅炉烟囱排放的改造方案,对化工装置的布置提出建议。     

边流效应对固定床吸附器穿透曲线的影响

在半工业吸附装置上实验研究了边流效应对固定床吸附器穿透曲线的影响,建立了非定态二维数学模型描述这种影响．实验结果表明,在床径／粒径比为90时,固定床内边流效应对穿透曲线影响仍很大,中心与壁面穿透时间相差可达4h,模型预测结果表明,实验结果与预测结果能很好吻合．     

离子扩散型抗菌陶瓷中银离子的扩散

研究了离子扩散法制造抗菌陶瓷过程中Ag+在釉层中的扩散行为.用扫描电镜和电子探针分析了扩散过程中Ag的分布.用Fick定律分析扩散过程,提出用表层Ag+质量分数和表观扩散系数来描述实际的扩散过程.用余误差函数近似法确定扩散温度下不同成分釉层中Ag+的表观扩散系数.对于所研究的釉层,表观扩散系数为1.6×10-11～1.3×10-10 cm2/s.确定了上述2个参数与釉层成分、熔盐比例、扩散温度及扩散时间的关系.利用这些关系建立了优化制造条件的基础.     

Fixed-Bed adsorber dynamics in binary physisorption-diffusion

Reactions carried out under conditions close to the equilibrium vapour pressure of the participating species involve physisorption on the catalyst surface. Such conditions are encountered for propene metathesis over rhenium oxide/γ-alumina catalyst at room temperature. The sorption-diffusion effects were tested by excluding effects due to reaction. Single-component sorption characteristics were determined by steady-state experiments. The model equations comprising several differential and nonlinear algebraic equations were solved by orthogonal collocation within the method of lines. The model predictions were tested against transient experiments performed in a gradientless, internal recirculation reactor.     

分子吸附对聚乙烯醇在氧化铝粉末压缩体中扩散系数的影响

利用氧化铝粉末压缩球状体和Ｆｉｃｋ第二扩散定律,系统地研究了聚乙烯醇在多孔介质和实验系统ｐＨ值为８．４０±０．２条件下的扩散行为,以及聚乙烯醇在球体外表面吸附对扩散系数的影响．实验结果和相应计算得到的扩散系数表明：发生在氧化铝表面的分子吸附,不仅导致扩散平衡状态时的Ｍｔ（聚乙烯醇在时间ｔ的扩散量）高于理论计算值Ｍ∞,而且使实验初始阶段计算的扩散系数远大于其它过程扩散系数．由分子吸附产生的实验误差和扩散系数计算误差,可通过修正浓度分配系数Ｋ,或者直接从Ｍｔ中去除可能存在的吸附量得到解决．     

穿透曲线法获取固定床吸附器的传质扩散系数

研究了煤质活性炭对不同浓度苯酚溶液的吸附，应用固定床吸附动力学模型、非线性回归固定床吸附流出曲线数据，获得了酚类在活性炭上的扩散传质系数。结果发现，酚类的表面扩散系数ＤＳ强烈地依赖于入口酚的浓度，随着酚浓度的升高，表面扩散系数增大。采用上述扩散系数理论预测了其他操作条件下的流出曲线，结果表明实验曲线与预测曲线相符甚好，穿透曲线法能可靠地获取液固吸附过程的吸附扩散系数，为吸附工程设计提供有益的帮助     

不同熔盐制造离子扩散型抗菌陶瓷中银离子的扩散

本文对以AgNO3:KNO3和AgNO3:NaNO3熔盐制造抗菌陶瓷中的银在釉中的扩散进行了研究。用电子探针对银的分布进行了分析,给出了用误差函数拟合描述扩散过程的方法,实验发现对同一种釉使用AgNO3:KNO3时银的扩散要比 AgNO3:NaNO3快得多,两种情况下银的表现扩散系数分别为1．6×10-11L-1．3×10-10cm2S-1。     

多孔固体表面扩散问题中Fick定律交叉项扩散系数的确定

对多孔固体表面扩散二元系统给出Fick定律交叉项扩散系数矩阵形式的计算式,并将其推广到三元及多元扩散系统,得到Fick定律交叉项扩散系数普遍化的计算式。     

THERMAL DIFFUSION IN A FLAT-PLATE COLUMN WITH TRANSVERSE SAMPLING STREAMS

The optimum angles of inclination for maximum separation, maximum production rate and minimum column length in a fiat-plate thermal diffusion column with transverse sampling streams, have been determined. Considerable improvement in performance is obtainable if the column is tilted at the optimum angle, instead of being placed vertically, so that the convection strength can be properly reduced and controlled, resulting in suppressing the undesirable remixing effect while still preserving the desirable cascading effect.     

溶剂分子透过HDPE/MPA层状共混物的扩散模型

建立了溶剂分子透过聚合物层状共混物的扩散模型 ,给出了溶剂分子相对有效扩散系数D₀ /D与分散相体积分数、不可透薄片形状参数α以及薄片接头缺口参数δ之间的关系式 .经采用不同值及α值共混物得到的实验数据证明 ,该模型与实验结果吻合良好.     

TWO-STAGE MOISTURE DIFFUSION IN WOOD WITH CONSTANT TRANSPORT COEFFICIENTS

ABSTRACT

To determine whether transport coefficients in desorption curves for northern red oak are constant, four sets of desorption data were compared against previously established mathematical conditions for infinite-series solution of the non-steady-state diffusion equation. For each data set, when moisture fraction in wood is above a certain value, designated as the first stage, these conditions are satisfied, with the diffusion and surface emission coefficients being positive and finite; below that value, designated as the second stage, these conditions are still satisfied, with the diffusion coefficient taking a smaller positive value but the surface emission coefficient becoming negative and finite. Mathematically, these two pairs of transport coefficients can be used to predict the whole diffusion curve that describes the variation of moisture fraction with time. However, the negative surface emission coefficient in the second stage of the desorption process implies that the moisture gradient has cut the surface at a point below the equilibrium moisture content, which is physically impossible. Alternatively, the second stage can be considered as a new stage with moisture fraction values normalized with respect to the lowest value in the first stage, which is also the starting point of the second stage. The transport coefficents are obtained in the same manner as in the first stage and are found to be positive and finite. The two pairs of transport coefficients can describe the diffusion curve with high accuracy. However, the assumption used in the second stage is that the initial moisture content in wood is uniform, which again is physically impossible. We therefore conclude that the transport coefficients for northern red oak are not constant. Although the two-stage approaches presented in this study can predict the diffusion curves accurately, their physical interaction is difficult to justify.     

TWO-STAGE MOISTURE DIFFUSION IN WOOD WITH CONSTANT TRANSPORT COEFFICIENTS

To determine whether transport coefficients in desorption curves for northern red oak are constant, four sets of desorption data were compared against previously established mathematical conditions for infinite-series solution of the non-steady-state diffusion equation. For each data set, when moisture fraction in wood is above a certain value, designated as the first stage, these conditions are satisfied, with the diffusion and surface emission coefficients being positive and finite; below that value, designated as the second stage, these conditions are still satisfied, with the diffusion coefficient taking a smaller positive value but the surface emission coefficient becoming negative and finite. Mathematically, these two pairs of transport coefficients can be used to predict the whole diffusion curve that describes the variation of moisture fraction with time. However, the negative surface emission coefficient in the second stage of the desorption process implies that the moisture gradient has cut the surface at a point below the equilibrium moisture content, which is physically impossible. Alternatively, the second stage can be considered as a new stage with moisture fraction values normalized with respect to the lowest value in the first stage, which is also the starting point of the second stage. The transport coefficents are obtained in the same manner as in the first stage and are found to be positive and finite. The two pairs of transport coefficients can describe the diffusion curve with high accuracy. However, the assumption used in the second stage is that the initial moisture content in wood is uniform, which again is physically impossible. We therefore conclude that the transport coefficients for northern red oak are not constant. Although the two-stage approaches presented in this study can predict the diffusion curves accurately, their physical interaction is difficult to justify.     

离子交换膜扩散系数的测定方法评述

本文叙述了电解质通过离子交换的扩散系数，离子的相互扩散系数及自扩散系数的测定方法，原理，推导了有关公式，并对有些方法作了评述和实验上的比较。     

在多孔介质内气体扩散的分形表征

将多孔介质内孔抽象为分形曲线,并以该曲线的维数作为多孔介质的结构参数—谱维数d,藉此建立了气体在介质内的扩散通量计算式,并给出了测量分形结构码尺的计算方程和多孔介质谱维数的测定方法.由双组分气体在Ni/r- Al_2O_3催化剂上的扩散实验数据,计算出该催化剂的谱维数d=1.10.     

混合电解质溶液在多孔颗粒内扩散的数学模型

建立了混合电解质溶液在多孔颗粒内扩散的数学模型,并由此计算了交互扩散效应的大小;讨论了单一扩散系数的菲克定律描述电解质混合物扩散的适用性;用模型处理了HCl-KCl-H_2O体系的实验数据,得出了有效主扩散系数和有效交互扩散系数.     

多孔氧化铝中气体的有效扩散系数

在两种氧化铝中 ,分别采用C₂H₄ 、Ar和CO₂ 进行了两组分和三组分的Wicke -Kallenbach定态扩散实验 .由尘气模型和Stefan -Maxwell方程建立起的扩散通量方程 ,对实验结果加以处理 ,得到了两组分扩散的有效扩散系数及三组分扩散的虚拟两组分有效扩散系数 .同时 ,针对过渡区扩散推出了等温下两组分扩散的有效扩散系数为常数应满足的基本条件 ,所得结论和实验结果相吻合 .而对三组分扩散中的虚拟两组分有效扩散系数不能按照常数处理 .此外 ,无论是两组分或三组分扩散 ,对每一种氧化铝而言 ,有着相近的曲折因子 ,从而证实了曲折因子是与多孔介质结构密切相关的参数     

多孔介质中三组分气体扩散的网络分析

采用有效介质理论和平滑域近似的方法 ,对乙烯、氩气和二氧化碳在γ -Al2 O3 内的三组分扩散进行了网络分析 ,同时又用定态扩散实验加以验证 .研究结果表明 ,在确定了多孔介质孔结构参数 (平均配位数 )和孔尺寸参数 (孔径分布 )的前提下 ,通过网络分析的方法就可以获得有关多孔介质中多组分气体扩散的信息 .从而 ,建立起了用多孔介质微观性质描述宏观扩散过程的基本方法     

CORRELATION AND PREDICTION OF LIQUID DIFFUSION COEFFICIENTS IN BINARY SYSTEMS

A theoretical model to correlate and predict the liquid diffusion coefficients in binary sys-tems has been developed.Based on this mode1 the diffusion coefficient of 73 binary systems have beencorrelated,the overall average deviation of the correlation for diffusion coefficients is 0.009.Forbinary systems the diffusion coefficients have been predicted from vapor liquid phase equilibrium(VLE)and vice versa.