TPMS多孔铝-石蜡复合相变材料蓄热过程数值模拟及实验

传统相变材料受限于自身热导率小,其相变蓄热效率难以提升,通过在相变材料中添加具有高热导率的金属多孔结构是强化传热的重要手段之一。本文建立了三周期极小曲面（triply periodic minimal surface,TPMS）多孔铝-石蜡复合相变材料的三维、瞬态包含自然对流的相变蓄热模型,利用数值仿真结合实验的方法研究了TPMS多孔铝-石蜡复合相变材料在蓄热过程中的固液相界面演变规律、实时温度变化、热传输特性以及蓄热性能。结果表明,在纯石蜡中添加primitive杆状（primitive sheet,PS）、primitive壳状（primitive network,PN）两种TPMS多孔铝结构后,石蜡相变温度范围内出现明显的相变温度平台,PS-石蜡、PN-石蜡复合相变材料的相变起始时间较纯石蜡分别减少了74.1%与91.4%,竖直方向上的最大温度梯度由纯石蜡的1605.7℃/m分别下降至PS-石蜡、PN-石蜡复合相变材料的840℃/m、943.8℃/m,蓄热速率较纯石蜡分别提高3.10倍、4.69倍。最后,通过选区激光熔化（selective laser melting,SLM）技...     

超重条件下泡沫石墨-石蜡相变传热实验研究

基于高热导率多孔材料骨架强化传热的相变蓄冷器具有热容量大、换热效率高、控温稳定、环境适应性强等优点,在航空航天领域具有广泛的应用前景。多孔介质内固-液相变换热过程中,由于相变换热产生的相变工质密度差在加速度的驱动下造成的液相浮升力变化,将引发更为复杂的固-液相变流动与换热不稳定性特征。设计搭建了离心环境条件下的多孔介质内固-液相变换热实验研究装置,实验获得了不同加速度大小和方向下多孔介质内固-液相变换热特性。结果表明,高导热泡沫石墨-石蜡相变蓄冷能够实现界面较低升温速率温控,同时加速度方向对于相变蓄冷装置整体换热效率及换热均温性存在显著影响。当加速度方向与热流方向反向或垂直时,加速度驱动液相储能工质局部自然对流将促进整体换热效率,而加速度方向与热流方向同向时换热效率降低,并且上述差异将随着加速度的提升而进一步扩大。     

The Role of Nonuniformity in Convective Heat and Mass Transfer through Porous Media,Part 1

Through-air drying is commonly used in the drying of high-quality tissue and towel products. A representative elementary volume method was used to model the fluid flow and heat and mass transfer during through drying in heterogeneous porous biobased materials such as tissue and towel products. Results of flow both upstream and downstream of a modeled porous sheet allowed visualization of the effects of mixing at the top and bottom of the porous medium. The effect of initial nonuniformity on fluid flow and convective heat and mass transfer in heterogeneous porous media was studied. The effect of material nonhomogeneity and associated transport properties on moisture content of the porous material as a function of drying time was studied. Modeling results indicate that for the first time it is possible to simulate the effect of nonuniformity on fluid flow and convective heat and mass transfer in porous media during through-air drying of paper. Moisture and structural nonuniformity contributing to nonuniformity in air flow might contribute significantly to drying nonuniformity. Depending on the moisture regimes and degree of saturation of the convective medium, heat and mass transfer coefficients may have varying effects on the overall drying.     

单相流体通过多孔金属换热器换热性能的理论分析

泡沫金属具有非常大的比表面积和良好的导热性能,在强迫对流情况下,具有很强的换热能力.通过建立泡沫金属在强迫对流的情况下的换热模型,得到了泡沫金属高度、孔密度、孔隙率和空气流速的变化对其换热性能的影响.分析结果显示:增大泡沫金属换热器的高度、孔密度、空气流速和减小孔隙率,都能提高换热器的换热性能;当这4个参数各自变化到一...     

多孔铝内体积对流传热系数的测量

引　言多孔铝 (合金 )作为一种高孔隙率 (孔隙率 >0 9)多孔介质 ,具有明显的多功能性[1] .通孔型多孔铝是指多孔铝的内部孔隙互相连通 ,且外部流体可以通过 ,具有比表面积大、质量轻的特点 ,是开发强化换热装置的优选材料 ,有可能在新型紧凑式换热器、回热器、风冷冷凝器 (或冷却塔 )等换热设备研制过程中获得应用 .但流体流经多孔铝的　对流换热特性实验数据比较缺乏 ,对各种影响因素的研究也欠充分 .Hwang等[2 ] 测量了空气流经70 %、 80 %、 95 %三种孔隙率多孔铝的体积对流传热系数 ,但缺乏对孔隙密度、母材性质等影响的研究 .何德坪…     

多孔介质在高温相变蓄热中的强化换热

采用实验方法,验证了金属泡沫、膨胀石墨在高温蓄热系统中强化换热的作用。实验结果表明,在250～290℃之间,金属泡沫多孔材料能够提高纯硝酸钠的换热率2.1倍。由于多孔材料严重抑制了自然对流,在液相加热阶段,硝酸钠与多孔材料混合物的换热率不高于纯硝酸钠的一半。通过比较底部加热和顶部加热两种加热方式下蓄热系统的换热性能,进一步揭示了多孔材料对自然对流的影响。     

Physical model for shock-wave initiation of detonation of plastic-bounded TATB-based explosive

A physical model for the macrokinetics of shock-wave initiation of detonation in plastic-bounded TATB-based explosive is proposed that is based on the assumption of electronic energy transfer from hot spots. Results of numerical modeling of experiments on shock-wave initiation of detonation of LX-17 are presented. __________ Translated from Fizika Goreniya i Vzryva, Vol. 42, No. 5, pp. 117–126, September–October, 2006.     

孔隙分布对分形泡沫金属基相变材料传热特性的影响

基于分形理论,采用Sierpinski分形结构来模拟分形泡沫金属的孔隙结构。以泡沫金属为基体,孔隙中填充相变材料,通过数值计算比较了相同孔隙率和分形维数但不同孔隙结构分布规律的泡沫金属基相变材料在恒热流边界条件下的传热特性差异,得到了在传热过程中相变材料的相变率随时间变化及其相场分布情况云图。结果表明：当泡沫金属存在开口孔且所在位置处于热流边界时,孔隙中相变材料的传热速率明显大于不存在任何孔隙处于热流边界的情况;当泡沫金属不存在孔隙处于热流边界时,随着泡沫金属比表面积的增大,孔隙中相变材料传热速率增大;且分形体的分形级数越高,孔隙分布规律对其传热性能的影响程度越大。     

Study on the effect of micro geometric structure on heat conduction in porous media subjected to pulse laser

Based on fractal theory, different two-dimensional fractal structures were constructed to simulate the practical porous media. Effective thermal conductivity for porous media was calculated by means of the finite volume method. Theoretical analysis of thermal response in the porous media under various heating conditions was performed with a multi-layer hyperbolic heat conduction model with volumetric heat generation. The results obtained in this paper indicate that pore size and micro distribution have a far-reaching impact on the heat conduction in porous media. If we assumed that both the thermal conductivity and the heat capacity of the solid phase is larger than those of liquid phase, decreasing the pore size and porosity is helpful to enhance the heat transfer in porous media and the peak of temperature increases with pore size and porosity. With the same pore size and porosity, the effect of the pore micro-geometric distribution on heat conduction in porous media is obvious. The method presented in this paper may suggest a valuable approach to theoretically evaluate the effect of pore micro-geometric structure on heat conduction in porous media.     

Numerical modeling of TATB shock-wave heating

A model of shock-wave heating of condensed high-explosives (HE) in which a refined dependence of the heat capacity of an HE on temperature is used and the effect of the initial density of the HE is taken into account is given. The dependences of HE (TNT, PETN, and TATB) heating on pressure in the shock-wave front are calculated. Modeling of TATB heating is of interest for understanding the shock-wave detonation initiation, including the dependence of the shock-wave sensitivity on the initial density and temperature of an HE. Translated fromFizika Goreniya i Vzryva, Vol. 36, No. 2, pp. 94–99, March–April, 2000.     

竖直多孔管降膜蒸发传热实验

研究了内表面烧结型多孔管对降膜蒸发换热效果的影响。采用单管降膜蒸发器,由壳程的蒸汽加热管程的水降膜传热。在热通量q=13~90 kW·m^-2,传热温差ΔT=2.87~9.5℃,液体Reynolds数Re_L=4500~15000 范围内,求不同工况下管内降膜传热系数,并将其与相对应的光管换热性能进行比较。比较数据可知:多孔管的管内降膜传热系数是光管的2.03 倍,总传热系数是光管的1.78 倍,多孔管强化传热效果明显。     

Effects of porous material on transient natural convection heat transfer of nano-fluids inside a triangular chamber

This study numerically investigates the impact of porous materials, nano-particle types, and their concentrations on transient natural convection heat transfer of nano-fluid inside a porous chamber with a triangular section. The governing equations of the two-phase mixture model are separated on the computational domain and solved using the Finite Volume Method, taking into account the Darcy–Brinkman model for porous medium. It was observed that convection heat transfer inside the triangular chamber consists of three stages named initial, transient, and semi-steady. The features of each step are provided in detail. The results suggested that the use of a hybrid nano-fluid(water/aluminum oxide-cooper) inside a porous glass material and an increase in volume fraction of nano-particles have adverse effects on heat transfer rate. In contrast, as the nano-particle volume fraction of the single nano-fluid(water/aluminum oxide) inside the chamber increased, convection heat transfer rate improved. At the same time, it was observed that the use of both nano-fluids(single and hybrid) in the porous environment of the aluminum foam could improve convection.     

Experimental Diagnosis on Frictional Initiation of a Match Head Composition at Different Contact Materials

The mechanism of initiation is essential to enumerate the sensitivity and evaluate the risks associated with energetic mixtures. To understand the mechanism of initiation under frictional loading, the initiation events such as initiating time and critical load have to be evaluated. This study aims to assess experimentally the initiation mechanism under frictional load by measuring the event of initiation and the critical load using a modified version of the BAM friction tester augmented with a press force sensor, an accelerometer and a photodiode arrangement. Differences in the range of diagnostics were identified for various material interactions. The data generated have the implications for assessing the safety of energetic mixtures.     

多级复合芯结构的强化沸腾传热研究

采用固相烧结技术制备了均匀多孔层、复合16芯和复合32芯三种多孔结构,并且建立了池沸腾传热测试系统来研究不同芯数量、粒径与结构高度对多孔结构沸腾传热性能的影响。实验结果表明,在测试范围内复合层高1 mm的多孔复合32芯结构传热性能较强,临界热通量(CHF)最高为386 W/cm²,传热系数最高达到9.5 W/(cm²·K)。同时利用高速摄影观察气泡行为来研究强化沸腾传热机理。可视化数据表明,相比于光滑表面,在高热通量下多孔复合表面上气泡周期更短,脱离更快,气泡的离开带来了更多的液体补充,进而不断提升传热性能,获得更高的CHF值。     

颗粒多孔表面强化沸腾传热动力学研究

通过对颗粒多孔层几何结构、沸腾两相流及传热的理论分析，提出了微型通道薄膜环状蒸发物理模型和沸腾传热机理，建立了颗粒多孔表面强化沸腾传热动力学模型。该动力学模型与实验数据吻合良好，可用于工程设计。     

肋片和多孔介质强化梯级相变储热系统性能的对比研究

针对于相变材料（PCM）导热性能差引起的梯级相变储热系统传热速率低的问题,利用三维数值仿真研究肋片和多孔介质对梯级相变储能系统放热性能的强化作用,在此基础上提出了梯度孔隙率进一步提升系统的放热性能,从PCM的放热速率和放热效率两个方面对梯级相变储能系统的不同强化方法进行了分析对比。结果表明肋片在显热放热阶段强化传热作用更显著,而多孔介质在潜热放热阶段强化传热更显著。整个放热过程只加入多孔介质比只加入肋片表现出更好的放热性能。同时添加肋片和多孔介质时,梯级相变系统放热性能最优,PCM完全凝固时间减少了40%。三种孔隙率梯度工况下,系统的放热效率无明显差异,但在负梯度孔隙率情况下,放热速率更高且更均匀。相比于正梯度孔隙率的情况,负梯度孔隙率具有更优的热性能。     

肋片和多孔介质强化梯级相变储热系统性能的对比研究

针对于相变材料（PCM）导热性能差引起的梯级相变储热系统传热速率低的问题,利用三维数值仿真研究肋片和多孔介质对梯级相变储能系统放热性能的强化作用,在此基础上提出了梯度孔隙率进一步提升系统的放热性能,从PCM的放热速率和放热效率两个方面对梯级相变储能系统的不同强化方法进行了分析对比。结果表明肋片在显热放热阶段强化传热作用更显著,而多孔介质在潜热放热阶段强化传热更显著。整个放热过程只加入多孔介质比只加入肋片表现出更好的放热性能。同时添加肋片和多孔介质时,梯级相变系统放热性能最优,PCM完全凝固时间减少了40%。三种孔隙率梯度工况下,系统的放热效率无明显差异,但在负梯度孔隙率情况下,放热速率更高且更均匀。相比于正梯度孔隙率的情况,负梯度孔隙率具有更优的热性能。     

RADIATIVE DRYING MODEL OF POROUS MATERIALS

A transient one dimensional first principles model is developed for the drying of a porous material (paper) that includes both heat and mass transfer. All three modes of heat transfer are considered; conduction, convection and radiation. The conduction is assumed to be in one dimension, through the porous material. The convection is assumed to exist only at the surface as a boundary condition. The radiation is assumed to be a volumetric phenomenon, so that the material internally absorbs, emits, and scatters energy. The absorption and scattering coefficients are spectrally dependent. Furthermore, the material is considered to have a non-unity refractive index with diffuse surfaces. In the mass transfer it is assumed that water exists in three phases: bound, free and vapor. The results provide profiles within the material for each moisture phase, temperature, and pressure and the effect of radiation on these distributions.     

具有预制孔隙多孔介质冷冻干燥的多相传递模型

基于局部质量非平衡假设,建立了多相多孔介质热、质耦合传递数学模型,理论验证具有预制孔隙的初始非饱和多孔物料对冷冻干燥过程的强化作用。模型考虑了多孔介质的吸湿效应,构建了3种吸附-解吸平衡关系。模型使用基于有限元法的COMSOL Multiphysics软件平台数值求解,并与实验数据进行了比较。结果表明,初始非饱和冷冻物料能够有效地强化冷冻干燥过程。采用不同函数形式的吸附-解吸平衡关系模拟的干燥曲线均与实验数据非常吻合。通过分析物料内部的饱和度、温度和质量源分布,探讨了初始非饱和物料冷冻干燥过程的传热传质机理。初始非饱和物料的干燥速率控制因素主要是传热。模拟考察环境辐射温度对冷冻干燥过程影响的结果表明,所建模型具有良好的预测能力。     

开孔泡沫金属换热性能的研究进展

介绍了开孔泡沫金属的结构特点和换热原理,重点从流动特性和传热特性两方面总结了国内外对开孔泡沫金属换热性能的研究进展,并且概述了迄今为止关于泡沫金属传热模型的研究情况,指出了今后开孔泡沫金属用于板式热交换器的研究方向。