液态麦曲配方研究

以粉碎的小麦为原料对液态麦曲制作工艺进行了研究,将粉碎的小麦加水调浆并进行碳源、氮源及无机盐调配后接种黑曲霉,恒温振荡培养一段时间制成液态小麦曲。以液体曲的糖化力为评价指标,采用单因素试验和正交试验优化了液态制曲的配方。结果表明,当可溶性淀粉添加量为12 mg/mL、NaNO3添加量2 mg/mL、KH2PO4添加量2 mg/mL、MgSO4添加量0.4 mg/mL时,液态麦曲具有最高糖化力,且在此条件下制作的液态麦曲具有曲香浓郁和流动性好的特点。     

制曲(夫曲)生产线

糖化曲在制酒工艺中的作用是使酒料中的淀粉转化成糖,再通过酵母的作用生成酒。目前糖化曲可分为固体曲及液体曲两种,其质量的好坏,淀粉酶活力的大小,对用曲量及出酒率有着直接的影响。我省酒厂和全国许多酒厂一样,现在多数采用的是六十年代初推广的固体曲的通风培养     

液体曲酒母制作工艺研究

以粉碎的小麦为原料,对液体曲酒母制作工艺进行了研究,将粉碎的小麦加水调浆并进行碳源、氮源及无机盐调配后接种黑曲霉,恒温振荡培养5 d后接种酵母,继续恒温振荡培养一段时间制成液体曲酒母。以液体曲酒母的糖化力和发酵力为评价指标,采用单因素试验和正交试验探讨了可溶性淀粉、NaNO3、KH2PO4及MgSO4添加量对液体曲酒母糖化力及发酵力的影响。结果表明,当可溶性淀粉添加量12 mg/mL、NaNO3添加量6 mg/mL、KH2PO4添加量4 mg/mL、MgSO4添加量0.5 mg/mL时,液体曲酒母具有最高品质,糖化力和发酵力为245.9 U、3.011 g/(mL·72 h),且在此条件下制作的液体曲酒母流动性好,适于工业化生产。     

一株紫色红曲霉菌强化制曲的工艺优化

红曲霉菌的代谢产物和酯化酶等对促进白酒固态发酵过程中的风味和品质提高具有重要意义。为制备适合白酒酿造生产的酯化红曲,该研究对红曲霉菌进行液体培养,再分别以大米、麸皮及混合料等为原料进行纯种培养,选取种子液添加量、培养温度、培养时间和曲料含水率等作为影响因素,制备高酯化力的酯化红曲。结果表明,混合料明显优于大米或麸皮等单独作为原料制备酯化红曲,在培养温度35 ℃、培养时间3 d、曲料含水率55%、乳酸添加量4‰条件下,混合料成品酯化红曲的酯化力为716 mg/100 mL,糖化力为1 065 mg/（g·h）,发酵力为2.01 g/（0.5 g·72 h）,表明该菌株制备的酯化红曲具有较高的应用价值。     

日本米曲霉菌株特性及通风制曲工艺

将3株日本米曲霉及2株中国米曲霉菌种进行理化性质比较,优选出1株日本菌株进行实验,结果表明:1.日本米曲的培养周期较短,一般48h内即成曲。出曲时间可通过检测总酸变化,在总酸消长曲线达高值后15h左右即可。2.培养温度为32～36℃,不能波动太大。3.当菌株糖化力与液化力同时达到高峰时,对制曲非常有利。该工艺经过通风制曲生产,其糖化力可达1200u/g·h所酿的酒符合成品酒质量。(丹妮)     

不同外源因子对宋河大曲质量的影响

以宋河大曲为研究对象,在制曲过程中添加固体红曲、液体红曲、高温曲粉。实验结果表明,添加固体红曲菌、液体红曲菌和高温曲均能提高大曲酯化力,且添加红曲后酯化力提高40%以上,不同物质对大曲发酵过程中的影响均不同。     

黄曲霉液-固两步法生产麸曲的初探

在黄酒生产中发现黄曲霉菌丝比孢子具有更大的活力，菌丝制曲优于孢子制曲。黄曲霉在液体深层培养时，生长的均为菌丝体。采用液一固两步法生产麸曲可大大缩短制曲时间(由10d缩短至4d)，糖化力有所提高，感官指标较优，提高了麸曲质量。     

根霉曲培菌糖化工艺条件的研究

采用单因素和正交试验研究了根霉曲培菌糖化过程中不同的入箱温度、培菌时间和根霉菌添加量对糖化醅感官质量和糖分的影响，结果表明，影响根霉曲培菌糖化效果的因素依次为：根霉曲添加量>入箱温度>培菌时间；根霉曲培菌糖化的最佳工艺为：入箱温度为28℃，培菌时间26 h，根霉曲添加量为7‰。本研究及结果可为根霉曲培菌糖化工艺调整、糖化醅质量提升及根霉曲在酿酒中的应用提供数据支撑和理论指导。     

浓香型曲酒强化大曲的培养与应用

用纯种分别培养红曲霉、酵母,接入到传统生产的大曲中,在传统曲工艺基本没有改变的情况下,可较大幅度地提高大曲的糖化率、发酵力、液化力和酯化力.经生产实践证明:对提高曲酒的产量、质量,调整己酯、乳酯比都有明显的效果.     

何首乌叶对小曲质量的影响研究

探讨了不同的何首乌叶添加量对小曲中的微生物种类和数量、糖化力、液化力及发酵力的影响.结果表明当何首乌叶的添加量为6%时,霉菌数为7.72×104个/g干曲,酵母数为4.28×103个/g干曲,细菌数为1.27×103个/g干曲;小曲的糖化力、液化力、发酵力分别为472mg/(g·h)、7.96g/(g·h)、68.3%.此时小曲外观为淡黄色,无黑心,具有特殊的浓酒香.     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

An internet compendium of analytical methods and spectroscopic information for monomers and additives used in food packaging plastics

An internet website (http://cpf.jrc.it/smt/) has been produced as a means of dissemination of methods of analysis and supporting spectroscopic information on monomers and additives used for food contact materials (principally packaging). The site which is aimed primarily at assisting food control laboratories in the European Union contains analytical information on monomers, starting substances and additives used in the manufacture of plastics materials. A searchable index is provided giving PM and CAS numbers for each of 255 substances. For each substance a data sheet gives regulatory information, chemical structures, physico-chemical information and background information on the use of the substance in particular plastics, and the food packaging applications. For monomers and starting substances (155 compounds) the infra-red and mass spectra are provided, and for additives (100 compounds); additionally proton NMR are available for about 50% of the entries. Where analytical methods have been developed for determining these substances as residual amounts in plastics or as trace amounts in food simulants these methods are also on the website. All information is provided in portable document file (PDF) format which means that high quality copies can be readily printed, using freely available Adobe Acrobat Reader software. The website will in future be maintained and up-dated by the European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC) as new substances are authorized for use by the European Commission (DG-ENTR formerly DGIII). Where analytical laboratories (food control or other) require reference substances these can be obtained free-ofcharge from a reference collection housed at the JRC and maintained in conjunction with this website compendium.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Chlorohydrins of bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (BADGE) and of bisphenol F diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in canned foods and ready-to-drink coffees from the Japanese market

BADGE.2HCl and BFDGE.2HCl were determined in 28 samples of ready-to-drink canned coffee and 18 samples of canned vegetables (10 corn, 5 tomatoes and 3 others), all from the Japanese market. HPLC was used as the principal analytical method and GCMS for confirmation of relevant LC fractions. BADGE.2HCl was found to be present in one canned coffee and five samples of corn, BFDGE.2HCl in four samples of canned tomatoes and in one canned corn. No sample was found which exceeded the 1mg/kg limit of the EU for the BADGE chlorohydrins. However the highest concentration was found for the sum of BFDGE.2HCl and BFDGE.HCl.H₂O at a level of 1.5mg/kg. A Beilstein test confirmed that all cans containing foods contaminated with BADGE.2HCl or BFDGE.2HCl had at lest one part coated with a PVC organosol.     

European priorities for research to support legislation in the area of food contact materials and articles

A strong science base is required to underpin the planning and decision-making process involved in determining future European community legislation on materials and articles in contact with food. Significant progress has been made in the past 5 years in European funded work in this area, with many developments contributing to a much better understanding of the migration process, and better and simpler approaches to food control. In this paper this progress is reviewed against previously identified work-areas (identified in 1994) and conclusions are reached about future requirements for R&D to support legislation on food contact materials and articles over the next 5 or so years.     

Analysis of benzo[a]pyrene in spiked fatty foods by second derivative synchronous spectrofluorimetry after microwave-assisted treatment of samples

A simple, rapid and inexpensive method has been developed for the determination of benzo[a     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. II: Certification study

This paper describes the second part of a project undertaken to develop certified mussel reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins. In the first part two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the certification exercise. Fifteen laboratories participated in this certification study and were asked to measure saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The participants were allowed to use a method of their choice but with an extraction procedure to be strictly followed. The study included extra experiments to verify the detection limits for both saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin. Most participants (13 of 15) were able to meet all the criteria set for the certification study. Results for saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of <0.07 mg/kg in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels. Results obtained for decarbamoyl-saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of 1.59+/-0.20 mg/kg. The results for saxitoxin.2HCl in enriched blank mussel yielded a certified mass fraction of 0.48 +/- 0.06 mg/kg. These certified reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel material are the first available for laboratories to test their method for accuracy and performance.     

Announcing a new international peer-reviewed journal:Food Science and Human Wellness now accepting manuscript submission in English

<正>We are pleased to announce the launch of a new international peer-reviewed journal-Food Science and Human Wellness,ISSN 2213-4530,which is an open access journal,produced and hosted by Elsevier B.V.on behalf of Beijing Academy of Food Sciences.Food Science and Human Wellness is an international peer-reviewed English journal that provides a forum for the dissemination of the