Analysis of the Aso-Bridge landslide during the 2016 Kumamoto earthquakes in Japan

In 2016, earthquakes occurred beneath Kumamoto City, Kumamoto Prefecture in the Kyushu Region of Japan and generated numerous landslides around the city, and among those triggered in this disastrous event, the Aso-Bridge landslide was the largest. For the purpose of examining the behavior of this large-scale landslide during the main shock of the Kumamoto earthquakes, we conducted a study involving simplified sliding block concepts and finite element codes, and conclude that (a) the slope of the Aso-Bridge landslide (about 710 m high and with a dip angle of 33 °) is marginally stable in the absence of earthquakes; (b) the failure surface obtained using finite element codes is in satisfactory agreement with that of the actual failure surface; ©) our results reveal that the initiation-time of the Aso-Bridge landslide lay between 18.45 and 21 s based on three indications: (I) the directional tendency of the first apparent displacement, (ii) evidential factor of safety (FS) values <1, and (iii) Newmark’s displacement; and (d) the combination of an internal friction angle of 35 ° and a cohesion value of 80 kPa led to a failure surface closest to that observed in the field. The study demonstrates that we were able to apply the simplified sliding concepts and finite element codes to analyze the Aso-Bridge landslide in reasonable agreement with the actual event.     

Investigation of a loess-mudstone landslide and the induced structural damage in a high-speed railway tunnel

Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment - This paper presents a landslide that occurred in loess hills resulting in structural damage to the Zhangjiazhuang tunnel of the...     

DNA-based stable isotope probing: a link between community structure and function

DNA-based molecular techniques permit the comprehensive determination of microbial diversity but generally do not reveal the relationship between the identity and the function of microorganisms. The first direct molecular technique to enable the linkage of phylogeny with function is DNA-based stable isotope probing (DNA-SIP). Applying this method first helped describe the utilization of simple compounds, such as methane, methanol or glucose and has since been used to detect microbial communities active in the utilization of a wide variety of compounds, including various xenobiotics. The principle of the method lies in providing ¹³C-labeled substrate to a microbial community and subsequent analyses of the ¹³C-DNA isolated from the community. Isopycnic centrifugation permits separating ¹³C-labeled DNA of organisms that utilized the substrate from ¹²C-DNA of the inactive majority. As the whole metagenome of active populations is isolated, its follow-up analysis provides successful taxonomic identification as well as the potential for functional gene analyses. Because of its power, DNA-SIP has become one of the leading techniques of microbial ecology research. But from other point of view, it is a labor-intensive method that requires careful attention to detail during each experimental step in order to avoid misinterpretation of results.     

连拱隧道-边坡耦合作用:连拱隧道滑坡

连拱隧道一般用于中、短隧道和隧道接线部位,除在隧道的进山、出山口遭遇仰坡和侧向边坡外,隧道主体也常处于边坡地形之中,需要对边坡的稳定性进行分析论证。连拱隧道开挖断面大,多次开挖支护以及应力的平衡、转换可能对边坡的稳定性产生显著影响,在极端不利情况下,甚至可能诱发滑坡。连拱隧道主体与边坡相互作用模式可概括为4种:隧道位于滑面以下;隧道穿越滑面;隧道位于滑面以上的坡顶;隧道位于滑面以上的坡脚,可采用修正的不平衡推力传递法分析其稳定性。对于边坡滑面不能预先判定情况,可采用数值计算方法,分析隧道开挖工法对边坡稳定性的影响。按强度折减法分析,在三导洞工法中先开挖远山侧更有利于边坡的稳定。     

地震应急避难场所疏散安置预案编制分析

地震应急避难场所是破坏性地震发生或地震预警信息发布之后,临时安置百姓生活的场所。5·12汶川8.0级地震、3·11东日本9.0级地震等国内外大量应急避难场所应用实例,充分证明了应急避难场所对于做好民众的疏散安置工作,稳定民心、安定社会,有着非常重要的作用。自2003年我国第一个应急避难场所——北京市朝阳区元大都城垣遗址公园应急避难场所建成以来,我国的地震应急避难场所规划建设工作得到全面发展。有关应急避难场所建设相关的法律、法规和标准相继出台,并不断完善。为使场所能够更好的服务于民众疏散安置工作,编制场所疏散安置预案是将场所设施功能与民众疏散安置工作有机结合的重要途径。该预案的编制对于规范     

Assessment and validation of GIS-based landslide susceptibility maps: a case study from Feltrino stream basin (Central Italy)

Landslide susceptibility studies focus on producing susceptibility maps starting from landslide inventories and considering the main conditioning factors. The validity of susceptibility maps must be verified in terms of model accuracy and prediction skills. This paper deals with a GIS-based landslide susceptibility analysis and relative validation in a hilly-coastal test-area in Adriatic Central Italy. The susceptibility analysis was performed via bivariate statistics using the Landslide-Index method and a detailed (field-based) landslide inventory. Selection and mapping of conditioning factors and landslide inventories was derived from detail geomorphological analyses of the study area. The susceptibility map was validated using recent (shallow) landslides in terms of both model accuracy and prediction skills, via Success rate and Prediction rate curves, respectively. In addition, a pre-existing official landslide inventory was applied to the model to test whether it can be used when a detailed (field-based) inventory is not available, thereby extending its usability in similar physiographic regions. The outcome of this study reveals that slope and lithology are the main conditioning factor of landslides, but also highlights the key role of surficial deposits in susceptibility assessment, for both their type and thickness. The validation results show the effectiveness of the susceptibility model in both model accuracy and prediction skills given the good percentage of correctly classified landslides. Moreover, comparison of the susceptibility map with the official Regional landslides inventory proves the possibility of using the developed susceptibility model also in the absence of detailed landslide mapping, by considering inventories that are already available.     

Risk factors for casualty in earthquakes: The application of epidemiologic principles to structural engineering

Past investigations of the public health consequences of natural disasters, such as earthquakes, have generally suffered from a lack of comprehensive data due, in part, to the difficulty faced in mounting a significant data collection effort in the aftermath of such an event. This lack of meaningful data severely hampers the ability of casualty researchers to develop reliable and robust estimates of death and injury in future events; these numbers are critical in planning for mitigation and response activities. The basic data required as input to these models are risk factors for injury which can only effectively be estimated through a careful epidemiologic study of those injured (and not injured) in past events. This paper outlines the field of earthquake injury epidemiology and discusses the application of the collected data. An example of a recent case-control study (in progress) is given. Implications for the broader application of these techniques to structural engineering are suggested.     

Evaluation of dynamic stability and analysis of reinforcement measures of a landslide under seismic action: a case study on the Yanyangcun landslide

Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment - Earthquakes are a major landslide trigger, and evaluation of the dynamic stability of landslides under seismic action is very important. The...     

双城记:神户地震和马尔马拉地震的经济影响

灾害的影响也取决于各个城市的发展水平和灾害准备水平.这一点显著的证明是日本神户(1995年遭受里氏7.2级地震)与土耳其马尔马拉(1999年遭受里氏7.4级地震)的实例对比.     

Formation and evolution of a successive landslide dam by the erosion of river: a case study of the Gendakan landslide dam on the Lancang River,China

Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment - A landslide dam located on the Lancang River in Southwest China was used as a case to study the landslide formation and evolution process...     

某滑坡稳定性分析与评价

以花栗树包滑坡Ⅲ的工程实践为例,通过整理相关勘查资料、岩土试验等资料,分析了该滑坡的基本情况、滑坡体的物质组成、结构特征及物理力学性质,探讨了滑坡的破坏机理,用极限平衡法对滑坡体的稳定性进行了计算,并对其在不同工况条件下的稳定性进行了分析、评价与预测。     

Exploring spatial non-stationarity in the relationships between landslide susceptibility and conditioning factors: a local modeling approach using geographically weighted regression

Landslide susceptibility is the likelihood of landslide occurrence, in a specific place and time. The identification of the potential relationships between landslide susceptibility and conditioning factors is very important towards landslide hazard mitigation. In this paper, we implement a local statistical analysis model geographically weighted regression, in two catchment areas located in northern Peloponnese, Greece. For this purpose, we examined the following eight conditioning factors: elevation, slope, aspect, lithology, land cover, proximity to the drainage network, proximity to the road network, and proximity to faults. Moreover, the relationship between these factors and landsliding in the study area is examined. The local statistical analysis model was also evaluated by finding its differences with the performance of a standard global statistical model logistic regression. The results indicated that the global statistical model can be enhanced by the application of a local model. The outputs of the proposed approach favored a better understanding of the factors influencing landslide occurrence and may be beneficial to local authorities and decision-makers dealing with the mitigation of landslide hazard.

     

Calculation of landslide danger and maximum landslide pressure by the variation method

The authors give a calculation of soil pressure carried out at Giprorechtrans by the RUST computer program, and compare it with analogous calculations by the SL VAR program, which was described in a previous issue of our journal. “Giprorechtrans” joint-stock company. Translated from Osnovaniya, Fundamenty i Mekhanika Gruntov, No. 2, pp. 31–32, March–April, 1994.     

新建铁路干线一次铺设跨区间无缝线路技术

详细介绍了一次铺设跨区间无缝线路各工序的施工方法,具体阐述了一次铺设跨区间无缝线路的其他配套施工技术,并对该施工技术的先进性进行了总结归纳,以期进一步推广该技术的应用。     

Proving the occurrence and cause of a landslide in a legal context

 Ground movements of many types can be responsible for socio-economic losses that lead to construction or insurance claims or even legal proceedings. Should the ground movements be the result of landslide movements, proving the cause or even the occurrence of the landslide may often be the main area of dispute. In this paper the definition of a 'landslide' suitable for legal purposes is examined and the various causes of landslides are briefly reviewed. The legal difficulties of proving the cause and occurrence of a landslide are then explored through three legal case studies involving damage, or potential damage, resulting from landslide movements. Received: 22 December 1998 · Accepted: 10 May 1999     

某二级公路段滑坡分析与治理

以某二级公路边坡滑坡为工程背景,分析了滑坡成因,并对滑坡进行了不同工况下的稳定性计算与评价,提出了相应的治理措施,旨在防止因边坡失稳影响路基施工和正常运营。     

某滑坡机理分析与稳定性评价

在对某滑坡灾害地质环境和滑坡体特征研究的基础上,分析了滑坡的影响因素及机理,通过建立滑坡稳定性计算模型评价了该滑坡体的稳定性,对类似工程具有参考意义。     

Lineament mapping and its application in landslide hazard assessment: a review

This paper presents an overview of the use of lineaments in landslide hazard mapping. The lineaments are normally derived either from aerial photographs or satellite imagery. The relative advantages and disadvantages of digital image processing and manual (visual) lineament interpretation are discussed. Most researchers prefer the manual technique, despite the fact it is more time-consuming and subjective, as it allows a higher degree of operator control. Ways of increasing objectivity in the interpretation are suggested. It is hoped that lineament mapping will increasingly be incorporated in landslide hazard assessment hence the paper emphasizes the need for care and a proper understanding of these methods and their limitations.     

Relationship between damages sustained by buildings during earthquakes and the type of their beds of foundations (from investigation of aftereffects of the 1976 and 1984 earthquakes in Gazli)

Conclusions 1. The position of the water table exerts a significant influence on the earthquake resistance of buildings, especially in periods of intense rainfall.2. The implementation of such structural measures as similar depth of foundation embedment, and the installation of bracing along sectional-block foundations in partial-frame buildings contributes to improved earthquake resistance of the buildings.3. It is necessary to adopt measures in advance to prevent changes in the natural conditions of public-works projects under construction — the installation of a drainage system, etc.4. Observance of the above-indicated rules in the presence of high-quality construction will make it possible to provide the required earthquake resistance of buildings in the Gazli region.State Committee of the USSR Council of Ministers for Construction Affairs. Alma-Ata Architecture and Building Institute. Translated from Osnovaniya, Fundamenty i Mekhanika Gruntov, No. 2, pp. 18–20, March–April, 1985.