生姜-壳聚糖保鲜液对马铃薯净菜贮藏品质的影响

本文以马铃薯为原料,通过无菌水、0.1%生姜提取液、0.1%生姜-壳聚糖保鲜液、0.5%生姜-壳聚糖保鲜液四种不同浸泡方式,测定马铃薯净菜在贮藏期内Vc含量、失重率、多酚氧化酶活性、菌落总数、感官品质。结果表明：生姜提取液对马铃薯净菜有一定的保鲜效果,生姜-壳聚糖保鲜液保鲜效果更好。0.5%生姜-壳聚糖保鲜液可以有效减缓马铃薯净菜Vc的损耗,降低失重率,抑制PPO酶活性和微生物的生长繁殖,保持马铃薯净菜的感官品质;贮藏第7d时,Vc含量、失重率、PPO酶活性、菌落总数和感官评分分别为24.61mg/100g、0.97%、2.61U/g、2.14 lg CFU/g、16.19分。     

不同浓度的没食子酸丙酯对鲜切生姜保鲜特性的影响

本文研究了没食子酸丙酯(PG)对鲜切生姜保鲜效果的影响。挑选新鲜,无病斑,无机械损伤,大小一致的生姜,清洗去皮,用不锈钢刀切分成5 mm厚薄片,分别采用0.10%、0.20%、0.30%没食子酸丙酯溶液浸泡处理,在14℃(±1.0℃)条件下贮藏。通过测定鲜切生姜的失重率、褐变度、可溶性固形物含量、Vc含量、丙二醛(MDA)含量、多酚氧化酶(PPO)活性、过氧化物酶(POD)活性、硬度、弹性以及咀嚼性的变化来研究PG对鲜切生姜保鲜效果的影响。结果表明:没食子酸丙酯溶液浸泡处理能够在不同程度上保持鲜切生姜的质地,降低鲜切生姜的失重率和MDA含量,延缓鲜切生姜的褐变,抑制PPO和POD的活性,同时使Vc、可溶性固形物含量和硬度维持在较高水平,而咀嚼性、弹性保持在较低的水平。其中,0.20%PG处理对鲜切生姜的保鲜效果最好。     

不同物理方式辅助处理对青梅盐胚脱盐效果和品质的影响

该研究采用振荡、超声波、间歇真空的物理辅助方式对比静置浸泡青梅盐胚脱盐,分析不同处理方式对青梅盐胚脱盐效果和品质的影响。结果表明,经振荡浸泡、超声辅助浸泡方式脱盐4 h后,脱盐率与梅胚水分含量均达到相对平衡状态,脱盐率超过60%,而间歇真空浸泡和静置浸泡方式脱盐8 h后脱盐率仍低于60%;超声波辅助浸泡脱盐后梅胚中有机酸含量39.26 mg/g显著高于其它脱盐方式,多酚含量458.06 mg/kg仅次于间歇真空辅助浸泡方式的501.56 mg/kg,但显著高于振荡浸泡、静置浸泡,四种方式脱盐的梅胚抗氧化活性无显著性差异;振荡浸泡、超声辅助浸泡脱盐的梅胚渗糖4 d后青梅果脯总糖含量分别达36.52%、34.10%,优于静置浸泡、间歇真空辅助浸泡的27.12%、24.37%。综上,在确保脱盐效率前提下,超声辅助浸泡为适合青梅盐胚脱盐较佳的物理辅助方式,可有效保留梅胚有机酸并提升脱盐梅胚的渗糖效率。     

硝普钠对生姜根茎抗氧化酶和苯丙烷途径的影响

以生姜根茎为试材,研究采后不同浓度硝普钠溶液浸泡处理10 min对其呼吸强度和失重率的影响并筛选最佳浓度,同时分析最佳浓度处理后生姜根茎抗氧化酶活性及苯丙烷途径关键酶活性和产物含量的变化。结果表明,0.25 mmol/L硝普钠处理降低了生姜根茎呼吸强度、抑制了失重率的升高,硝普钠处理还显著提高了生姜根茎过氧化氢含量、超氧化物歧化酶、过氧化物酶和抗坏血酸过氧化物酶的活性。此外,硝普钠处理还提高了苯丙氨酸解氨酶活性、显著提高了4-香豆酰CoA连接酶的活性,促进了木质素、总酚和类黄酮的积累。由此表明,硝普钠处理通过调节生姜根茎抗氧化酶活性和苯丙烷途径延缓其衰老。     

添加剂对苹果果皮和果肉多酚稳定性的影响

为提高苹果多酚的保存率和应用效果,以纯度为95%的富士苹果果皮和果肉粗多酚为试材,研究常见添加剂对果皮和果肉多酚溶液中总酚、原花青素和总黄酮含量及DPPH·清除率的影响。结果表明:1)随着苯甲酸钠浓度的增加,苹果果皮或果肉多酚溶液中总酚和总黄酮含量显著增加,原花青素含量没有显著变化,果皮多酚溶液对DPPH·的清除率显著降低,而果肉多酚溶液对DPPH·的清除率先增加后降低;随着山梨酸钾浓度的增加,果皮多酚溶液中总酚含量及其对DPPH·的清除率均显著降低,总黄酮含量先增加后降低,原花青素含量没有显著变化,果肉多酚溶液比较稳定;2)随着VC溶液浓度的增加,总酚、原花青素含量及其对DPPH·的清除率显著增加,总黄酮含量显著降低;随着Na2SO3溶液浓度的增加,总酚含量显著增加,总黄酮含量和对DPPH·的清除率显著降低,原花青素含量没有显著变化;3)随着H2O2溶液浓度的增加,果肉多酚溶液中总酚含量及其对DPPH·的清除率显著增加,原花青素和总黄酮含量显著降低。当来源不同的苹果多酚溶液在保存或应用时,应该根据需要考虑添加剂的种类和浓度。     

储藏温度对荔枝果汁中酚类物质含量及抗氧化能力的影响

以经UHT杀菌的荔枝果汁为原料,分析5周内在4、25、37℃3个储藏温度下荔枝果汁中总酚含量、总黄酮含量及FRAP和ABTS抗氧化能力的变化。结果显示,随着储藏时间的延长,在4、25、37℃储藏温度下荔枝果汁中总酚含量与抗氧化能力均呈现显著下降趋势(p<0.05);总酚含量受储藏时间影响更显著(p<0.05),总黄酮含量受温度影响更显著(p<0.05),抗氧化能力则同时受储藏时间(p<0.05)和温度(p<0.05)的影响。由此表明不同储藏条件对荔枝果汁中酚类物质含量存在显著影响,低温及短时储藏有利于保持荔枝果汁中酚类物质含量及其抗氧化活性。     

不同清洗剂对鲜切菠菜处理效果的影响

研究不同的清洗方式处理鲜切菠菜后对其品质的影响。比较新兴清洗剂(酸性电解水和臭氧水)以及传统清洗剂(次氯酸钠)处理鲜切菠菜后样品的组织损伤情况和储藏期鲜切菠菜失重率、色度、VC含量以及菌落总数等指标的变化。结果表明10 min的处理时间内,不同清洗方式对鲜切菠菜相对电导率,丙二醛含量未造成显著影响。随着储藏时间延长,强酸电解水与次氯酸钠处理效果相近;弱酸电解水以及臭氧水处理可以更有效减缓样品失重率的上升,VC含量的下降和黄化现象的恶化,两者之间弱酸电解水在抑制微生物生长方面更具优势。     

储藏温度对鲜切洋葱总酚含量和抗氧化性的影响

以鲜切洋葱为原料,采用Nisin(0.1mg/m L)+柠檬酸(1%)复配溶液处理鲜切洋葱,将清洗后的洋葱分别置于5℃、15℃、25℃的条件下储藏16天,测定储藏过程中鲜切洋葱的总酚含量和抗氧化性。设置5℃储藏不处理的鲜切洋葱空白对照组进行实验对比。结果表明,低温储藏能够有效减少清洗后鲜切洋葱的总酚和抗氧化活性的损失。     

生姜提取液对鲜切马铃薯贮藏品质的影响

以鲜切马铃薯为原料,探索不同浓度的生姜提取液对其贮藏品质的影响,试验采用0.05%、0.10%、0.50%和1.00%的生姜提取液浸泡鲜切马铃薯,以蒸馏水为对照,在4℃下贮藏5 d,通过测定失重率、褐变度、可溶性固形物含量、还原糖含量和多酚氧化酶(PPO)活性来综合评价生姜提取液的最佳浓度。结果表明,0.50%生姜提取液对鲜切马铃薯的贮藏品质维持最好。0.50%生姜提取液处理能显著降低鲜切马铃薯的失重率和褐变度,减缓还原糖的上升速率,减少了可溶性固形物的损耗,有效抑制了PPO活性,较好地保持了鲜切马铃薯的品质,延缓了鲜切马铃薯的褐变。因此,生姜提取液可以作为鲜切马铃薯的护色保鲜剂。     

预浸泡对桃金娘果汁中抗氧化物质和抗氧化活性的影响

本研究将桃金娘整果分别浸泡在不同温度的水、盐酸、柠檬酸、抗坏血酸和亚硫酸氢钠溶液中10、20、30 min,分析不同处理对桃金娘果汁中总多酚、总花青素、总黄酮和抗氧化活性的影响。结果表明,在40~60℃水中浸泡,桃金娘果汁中总多酚、总花青素、总黄酮含量和抗氧化活性显著降低,然而在80℃热水和1%盐酸中预浸泡可保持或增加抗氧化物含量。柠檬酸、抗坏血酸或NaHSO_3溶液能降低抗氧化物质的损失程度。同时研究了桃金娘中多酚氧化酶(PPO)和过氧化酶(POD)在不同pH和温度下的稳定性。温度达到100℃、pH小于2时PPO和POD活性才被完全抑制。因此不同的预浸泡方式影响桃金娘果汁PPO和POD的酶活,而抗氧化物质和抗氧化活性的稳定性与PPO和POD的活性负相关。     

两种酵母提取物对调理鲈鱼品质影响研究

目的 研究两种酵母提取物浸渍液对调理鲈鱼品质影响。方法 以鲈鱼片为研究对象,通过安琪和一品鲜酵母提取物(记为YE1和YE2)分别与姜汁组成浸渍液,实验确定最佳组合,并研究不同组合浸渍液对鲈鱼片气味成分的影响以及在贮藏过程中气味、白度、菌落总数、感官评分、质构的变化。结果 浸渍液结果表明, YE1和YE2酵母浸渍液最佳组合分别为:YE1酵母浸渍液中含有0.10%的YE1酵母提取物和5.00%姜汁、料液比(m:V)为1:2、酵母浸渍液与姜汁浸渍液比为1:1、浸泡时间为30 min; YE2酵母浸渍液中含有0.15%的YE2酵母提取物和5.50%姜汁、料液比(m:V)为1:2、酵母浸渍液与姜汁浸渍液比为5:1、浸泡时间为30 min。贮藏结果表明,经酵母提取物处理后的鱼肉气味差异较大,在白度上的变化较平缓;贮藏20d后,酵母处理组菌落总数低于酵母未处理组;样品感官评分随贮藏时间延长而下降,但与对照组相比,贮藏后酵母处理组的感官评分更高;贮藏后期, YE2酵母提取物组合浸渍后的鲈鱼片硬度和咀嚼度高于对照组, YE1酵母处理组低于对照组。结论 经酵母提取物组合处理后,能有效减缓鲈鱼肉在贮藏过程中...     

CHANGES IN PROXIMATE COMPOSITION OF THORNBACK RAY (RAJA CLAVATA, L. 1758) SURIMI DURING WASHING AND FROZEN STORAGE

The effects of frozen storage of surimi produced from thornback ray and the washing of mince on the chemical composition were investigated. The crude ash content which was initially found as 1.38% in raw thornback ray decreased approximately 12 and 80% after the first and second washing, respectively. After the third washing, crude ash content increased to 207% of the amount in the second washing because of addition of salt to the last washing water. The crude protein content of mince also decreased approximately to 28 and 20% after the first and second washing, respectively. After the third washing, the decrease in the lipid levels was approximately 30%. At the end of 6 months of frozen storage at − 23.8  ±  2C, dry matter, crude ash and crude protein contents increased in a greater ratio in surimi containing 4% sorbitol, 4% sucrose and 0.3% Na-tripolyphosphate than surimi prepared with 8% sorbitol and 0.3% Na-tripolyphosphate.

PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS

In the present study, the effects of frozen storage of surimi produced from thornback ray and the washing of mince on the chemical composition were investigated. Washing procedure significantly decreased crude ash, crude protein and crude fat content of mince. There were significant differences in moisture, crude ash, and crude protein contents during the 6 months storage period of frozen surimi obtained by using different cryoprotectant mixtures. The folding test scores were highest in fresh surimi and during the first two months of storage. Thornback ray can be used for the production of surimi.     

超声和碳酸氢钠处理对绿豆浸泡特性的影响

为了改善绿豆的质地特性,提高其浸泡效率,本文研究了超声和碳酸氢钠作用下绿豆的吸水动力学、水分分布、水分迁移、硬度、种皮结构以及总酚和植酸含量的变化。超声对绿豆吸水特性、硬度和营养成分含量的影响与绿豆表皮结构变化有关。400 W超声使绿豆表皮形成微孔通道,提高绿豆的吸水速率以及自由水和结合水的含量,降低硬度,总酚和植酸含量也显著降低（P<0.05）。1.5%碳酸氢钠对绿豆浸泡特性的影响可能是通过改变浸泡液的酸碱性发挥作用。碳酸氢钠会提高浸泡液pH,从而减缓吸水速率,降低总酚含量,抑制植酸含量降低,但对绿豆硬度的降低作用不明显,并且碳酸氢钠组的自由水和结合水含量与对照组有一定差异。若以最低硬度为评价指标,则对照组和1.5%碳酸氢钠组的最佳浸泡时间为7 h,而400 W超声组最佳浸泡时间为4 h。本文探明了超声和碳酸氢钠处理对绿豆浸泡特性的影响机制,可为超声波技术以及碳酸氢钠预处理技术在杂粮食品开发中的应用提供理论指导。     

Effect of Curd Washing Level on Proteolysis and Functionality of Low-Moisture Mozzarella Cheese Made with Galactose-Fermenting Culture

Abstract: The effect of curd washing on functional properties of low-moisture mozzarella cheese made with galactose-fermenting culture was investigated. A total of 4 curd washing levels (0%, 10%, 25%, 50% wt/wt) were used during low-moisture mozzarella cheese manufacture, and cheeses were stored for 63 d at 4 °C and the influence of curd washing on proteolysis and functionality of low-moisture mozzarella cheese were examined. Curd washing had a significant effect on moisture and ash contents. In general, moisture contents increased and ash contents decreased with increased curd washing levels. Low-moisture mozzarella cheese made with 10% curd washing levels showed higher proteolysis, meltability, and stretchability during storage than other experimental cheeses. In general, galactose contents decreased during storage; however, cheeses made with 25% and 50% curd washing levels had lower galactose contents than those with control or 10%. L*-values (browning) decreased and proteolysis increased in low-moisture mozzarella cheeses during storage.     

浸泡及萌动对芝麻及芝麻酱品质的影响

研究一定温度和湿度条件下不同浸泡和萌动处理对芝麻及芝麻酱基本组分质量分数、功能性成分、矿物质含量及脂肪酸组成的影响。结果显示：未经萌动处理的芝麻浸泡2、5 h时,粗脂肪、粗蛋白质量分数降低;不同浸泡时间芝麻中灰分质量分数均有所降低,粗纤维质量分数显著增加（P＜0.05）,总糖质量分数先升高后降低。随萌动时间的延长,萌动处理后芝麻酱中粗脂肪、总糖和粗纤维质量分数与芝麻中变化一致,粗蛋白质量分数呈先减后增趋势,草酸质量分数逐渐降低,酸价呈波动变化,甾醇含量逐渐增加。萌动处理后的芝麻酱中VE含量均高于对照组芝麻酱,在浸泡20 min、萌动14 h时VE含量达到最大值（49.96 mg/100 g）,比对照组增加49.36%;萌动24 h时,萌动处理后的芝麻酱中芝麻酚的含量均明显高于未经萌动处理芝麻酱;萌动处理后芝麻酱中的Ca含量明显增加,K含量下降。通过主成分分析,发现影响萌动处理后芝麻酱品质的主要指标为粗脂肪质量分数、VE含量等。经过浸泡和萌动处理的芝麻酱中花生酸不再存在。结果表明萌动处理是制备低脂肪质量分数、高VE含量芝麻酱的一种新途径。     

Enhanced elimination of Salmonella Typhimurium and Campylobacter jejuni on chicken skin by sequential exposure to ultrasound and peroxyacetic acid

The present study investigated the effects of combined ultrasound (37 kHz, 380 W for 5 min) and peroxyacetic acid (PAA; 50–200 ppm) treatment on the reduction of Salmonella Typhimurium and Campylobacter jejuni on chicken skin. Ultrasound was not sufficient to inactivate S. Typhimurium (0.48 log CFU/g reduction) or C. jejuni (0.25 log CFU/g reduction), whereas PAA significantly (p < .05) reduced S. Typhimurium (0.93–1.59 log CFU/g reduction) and C. jejuni (0.77–1.52 log CFU/g reduction). However, maximum reductions of 2.21 and 2.08 log CFU/g were observed for S. Typhimurium and C. jejuni, respectively, for combined treatment with 5 min of ultrasound and 200 ppm PAA. Our results indicate that a combination of ultrasound treatment for 5 min and 200 ppm PAA was more effective in reducing S. Typhimurium and C. jejuni compared to the individual treatments, without significantly affecting the color or texture of the chicken skin, thus, demonstrating its potential to increase the microbial safety during poultry processing.     

Efficacy of neutral electrolyzed water to inactivate Escherichia coli, Listeria monocytogenes, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Staphylococcus aureus on plastic and wooden kitchen cutting boards

This study evaluated the efficacy of neutral electrolyzed water (NEW; 64.1 mg/liter of active chlorine) to reduce populations of Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, and Listeria monocytogenes on plastic and wooden kitchen cutting boards. Its effectiveness was compared with that of a sodium hypochlorite solution (NaClO; 62.3 mg/liter of active chlorine). Inoculated portions of cutting boards were rinsed in either NEW or NaClO solutions, or deionized water (control). Plastic boards were rinsed for 1 min and wooden boards for 1 and 5 min. After each treatment, the surviving population of each strain was determined on the surface and in the soaking water. No significant difference (P > or = 0.05) was found between the final populations of each strain with regard to the treatment solutions (NEW or NaClO). However, a significant difference (P < or = 0.05) was revealed between surface materials after 1 min of washing. Whereas in plastic boards the initial bacterial populations were reduced by 5 log CFU/50 cm2, in wooden cutting boards they underwent a reduction of <3 log CFU/50 cm2. A 5-min exposure time yielded reductions of about 4 log CFU/50 cm2. The surviving populations of all bacteria in NEW and NaCIO washing solutions were <1 log CFU/ml after soaking both surfaces. This study revealed that NEW treatment is an effective method for reducing microbial contamination on plastic and wooden cutting boards. NEW efficacy was comparable to that of NaCIO, with the advantage of having a larger storage time.     

响应曲面法优化草鱼肉冷杀菌工艺

以微生物菌落总数和减菌率为评价指标,采用单因素试验结合Box-Behnken法,研究ClO2质量浓度、H2O2质量浓度及浸泡处理时间对草鱼肉冷杀菌效果的影响。通过响应曲面分析,草鱼肉减菌预处理工艺最优条件为ClO2质量浓度157mg/L、H2O2质量浓度1.1g/L、浸泡处理时间6.4min,在此条件下草鱼肉经处理后细菌总数由1.36×105CFU/g降为1.50×104CFU/g,减菌率高达89.01%。     

Efficacy of dual-frequency ultrasound and sanitizers washing treatments on quality retention of cherry tomato

Refrigeration is an effective means of reducing losses in fresh fruit; however, its efficacy as a means of preservation is mostly limited to crops that are not vulnerable to chill injury. Cherry tomato is one of these crops where other supporting processes or storage alternatives are sought. The effect of 10-min post-harvest treatment of cherry tomato with individual or combined application of dual-frequency ultrasound (20/40 kHz) and chemical sanitizers was investigated. The sanitizers used are 200 mg/L sodium dichloroisocyanurate (SD), 40 mg/L peracetic acid (PAA), 40 mg/L peracetic acid with 5% H₂O₂ (PAAH), and 5% hydrogen peroxide. The results showed that the treatments significantly reduced the natural microbiota (aerobic mesophiles and yeasts and molds) within the values of 0.29–3.10 log CFU/g. The highest inactivation was observed for the PAAH and ultrasound when applied as an individual (2.08–2.32 log CFU/g) and combined (3.07–3.10 log CFU/g) treatment. Also, the ultrasound and combined treatment resulted in higher retention of the total phenolic, and flavonoid contents, but with a loss in firmness of the cherry tomato. Nevertheless, during storage, the treatments when compared with the untreated samples, impede the loss in firmness. The other quality parameters such as pH, total soluble solids, titratable acidity, and maturity index were not affected, which signified that irrespective of the treatment, similar changes take place on the fruit during storage, especially in both control and chemically treated fruit. The combination of 40 mg/L PAAH and 20/40 kHz for 10 min caused ≥3-log CFU/g reduction of the natural microbiota. It mitigated the senescence of the cherry tomato during the refrigerated storage (4 °C), which thereby increased the shelf-life. The results obtained at the end of the storage thereby indicated that the combined treatments could guarantee microbial safety and retain the quality of the cherry tomato.     

超声波协同微酸性电解水对小龙虾净化及品质的影响

为了探究小龙虾（Procambarus clarkii）的净化工艺,采用超声波清洗协同微酸性电解水减菌技术对小龙虾进行活体净化处理。本文以小龙虾的菌落总数、芽孢总数及清洗液浊度为评价指标,以微酸性电解水的有效氯浓度、浸泡时间以及超声波功率为单因素水平,研究了微酸性电解水对小龙虾的减菌效果和超声波对小龙虾的清洗效果。结果表明:微酸性电解水的有效氯质量浓度越高,处理时间越长减菌效果越好。当微酸性电解水有效氯质量浓度60 mg/L,处理小龙虾50 min后菌落总数和芽孢总数分别下降了4.26 lg CFU/g、500 CFU/g,减菌率分别达到了99.99%、92.61%;使用超声波技术对小龙虾进行清洗处理,超声功率50 W处理50 min后小龙虾存活率为100%,清洗液浊度为181 NTU,显著优于对照组（P<0.05）。超声波技术协同微酸性电解水对小龙虾活体净化处理后,小龙虾初始菌由7.17 lg CFU/g降到3.52 lg CFU/g,净化效果显著优于车间气泡清洗工艺（P<0.05）。小龙虾净化前后的营养价值和品质无显著性差异（P>0.05）,该工艺合理有效。