口径/谱域积分-表面积分法的研究

 通过分析口径积分、平面波谱理论关于天线近场计算的特点,获得一种混合的天线近场计算方法.结合表面积分技术,提出了口径/谱域积分-表面积分法,用于三维天线-罩系统电性能数值仿真.该方法吸取了口径积分和平面波谱理论的优点,对于天线近场的分析更为精确、实用.以弹载天线罩为仿真实例,结果表明,与口径积分-表面积分法和平面波谱-表面积分法相比,口径/谱域积分-表面积分法的计算结果与实验结果更为吻合,证明了该算法具有更高的精确度.     

Near-field analysis by the plane-wave spectrum approach

Historically, most near-field analyses have relied upon aperture-integration techniques. The purpose of this paper is to point out the advantage of the plane-wave spectrum (PWS) approach for analysis of antenna near fields. The advantage of the PWS approach over aperture-integration techniques is quite substantial throughout the entire near-field region for circular apertures. Furthermore, the advantage increases in proportion to closeness to the aperture. The PWS approach also appears to offer advantage for noncircular apertures, e.g., rectangular, at least for large aperture sizes.     

Input impedance and mutual coupling of rectangular microstrip antennas

A moment method solution to the problem of input impedance and mutual coupling of rectangular microstrip antenna elements is presented. The formulation uses the grounded dielectric slab Green's function to account rigorously for the presence of the substrate and surface waves. Both entire basis (EB) and piecewise sinosoidal (PWS) expansion modes are used, and their relative advantages are noted. Calculations of input impedance and mutual coupling are compared with measured data and other calculatious.     

Reconstruction of Equivalent Currents Distribution Over Arbitrary Three-Dimensional Surfaces Based on Integral Equation Algorithms

A technique for the determination of the equivalent currents distribution from a known radiated field is described. This Inverse Radiation Problem is solved through an Integral Equation algorithm that allows the characterization of antennas of complex geometry both for near field to far field (NF-FF) transformation purposes as well as for diagnostic tasks. The algorithm is based on the representation of the radiating structure by means of a set of equivalent currents over a three-dimensional (3D) surface that can be fitted to the arbitrary geometry of the antenna. The innovative formulation uses an integral equation involving the electric field due to the currents tangential components to the represented antenna 3D surface. For that purpose, both the magnetic and electric equivalent currents are considered in the integral equations. Regularization techniques are also introduced to improve the convergence of the proposed iterative solution. The paper concludes with several results related to the practical verification of the Equivalence Principle and the characterization of a horn antenna.     

基于高斯积分的平面波谱法分析天线罩电性能

将平面波谱表面积分法与高斯积分相结合分析天线罩的电特性。在计算了口径天线的差波谱以求解带罩天线差方向图的基础上,将高斯积分应用到由罩外表面切向场求远场方向图中,提高了平面波谱法的计算精度。最后通过具体算例表明了本文方法的有效性。     

Open mast scattering investigation

The Georgia Tech automated planar scanner has been employed to measure the forward scattered plane wave spectrum (PWS) for both a circular cylinder mast and a tripod open mast. The experimentally derived spectra have been used in a plane wave spectrum scattering analysis to compute the main beam gain-loss and pattern effects of the circular cylinder and tripod masts for a paraboloidal antenna. This investigation demonstrates the practical use of a planar scanner to obtain forward scattering patterns for complex scatterers.     

Numerical and experimental analysis of circular-end wire bow-tie antennas over a lossy ground

This paper presents a numerical and experimental analysis of a wire bow-tie antenna situated horizontally near a lossy ground. The antenna is basically an array of identical wire dipoles having a common feed point and equal angular separation between two neighboring wires. This antenna is particularly suitable for ultrawide-band applications as it possesses a wideband property and allows a simple realization of resistive loading. It also provides a possibility to easily vary the antenna flare angle for the purpose of antenna matching or to adjust its footprint. In this work a theoretical model of the antenna is developed and verified experimentally. The wires are modeled as a tape-like structure by triangular patches and the antenna is analyzed using a mixed-potential integral equation formulation. Moreover, time-domain solutions are computed using the Fourier transformation, and a time-window technique is employed to calculate the antenna characteristic impedance. Using the model a comprehensive analysis of the antenna performance is carried out.     

Comments on "New plane wave spectrum formulations for the near-fields of circular and strip apertures"

The above paper (see ibid., vol.24, p.438-449, July (1976)) applies a plane wave spectrum (PWS) formulation to diffraction problems involving circular and strip apertures and gives new results in terms of Fresnel integrals for the electric field near the aperture. In this note, a discussion of those new results is presented; conclusions are: As a technique for solving electromagnetic aperture diffraction problems, the particular PWS described gives inadequate results, especially for near-fields, and by using the standard Keller's formula, a geometrical theory of diffraction (GTD) solution for the diffracted field from a circular aperture is obtained, but the solution does not in general agree with the one given     

Analysis of Radome Using Aperture Integration-surface Integration Method with Modified Transmission Coefficient

In this paper, the antenna-radome system in millimeter wave band is analyzed by the aperture integration-surface integration (AI-SI) method. When the electromagnetic wave passes through the radome, the transmission coefficient is determined by the transmission line analogy. However, the conventional transmission coefficient always ignores the phase factor of the lateral transmission in the dielectric. In the present work, the modified transmission coefficient is proposed and verified by both the theoretical derivation and the experimental measurement. The measured results of the antenna-radome systems at W-band show that the modified transmission coefficient is more accurate than the conventional one in the antenna-radome analysis.     

双/多基地多普勒天气雷达的总体分析

双/多基地多普勒天气雷达由一个传统的天气雷达和在其周围部署的一个或多个具有低增益天线的接收机组成。其最重要的功能是实时测量三维风场。本文详细分析了双/多基地多普勒天气雷达的基本理论.为其将来在国内的实际应用作一个铺垫。     

成果导向教育模式下的天线实验教学设计

采用OBE理念的天线实践教学改革可操作性强,提出一种以学生为中心、以成果为导向的天线实践教学改革方案。以圆极化阵列天线的设计、优化与加工测试为例,较详细地介绍了天线项目化教学过程中的项目分析、方案制定、电路设计、仿真调试、加工测试和产品评价等各个环节。应用天线理论知识指导仿真设计和优化调试,通过微波仪器和暗室测试天线实物,提高学生天线实验设计和动手操作能力。     

Near fields of a linear antenna

The near fields of a strip antenna in free space have been computed by modifying a variational-impedance formulation. Current distributions, which vary linearly with distance near the ends of the antenna, excite strong tangential electric fields on the antenna surface. Such surface fields are avoided by choosing the axial antenna current to vary in proportion to the square root of the distance from the antenna ends. This modification of the antenna current is not necessary, however, for field calculations at distances comparable to the antenna width. The fields parallel to the antenna surface decrease with increasing distance from the antenna near the driving point and the antenna ends, but are found to increase in an intermediate range.     

A hybrid technique for analyzing wire antennas in the presence of a plane interface

A hybrid technique which combines the method of moments (MM) with ray methods is employed to analyze the radiation of wires in the presence of a plane interface. In this technique, which is an extension of that proposed for combining the MM with the uniform geometrical theory of diffraction (GTD), a piecewise sinusoid (PWS) Galerkin method formulation is used. In this paper the basic assumption is made that a PWS dipole can be replaced by three sources of transverse, spherical waves, so that their fields can be treated separately by standard ray methods. Via this procedure the MM matrix can be easily augmented to account for the wire-interface interactions. Calculations of the field both radiated in the antenna half-space and transmitted through a plane interface are found in very good agreement with those performed by using the rigorous Sommerfeld integral representation. These results show that this technique provides an accuracy which is widely acceptable in most engineering applications, even when the wire is placed very close to the interface. This approach, which employs ray methods to calculate reflected and transmitted field contributions, appears promising to treat the case of curved interfaces.     

An efficient plane wave spectral analysis to predict the focalregion fields of parabolic reflector antennas for small and wide anglescanning

An efficient approach is described for calculating the field distribution in the focal region of an electrically large, symmetric or offset parabolic reflector antenna with an arbitrary rim contour, when the concave reflector surface is fully illuminated by an obliquely incident arbitrary electromagnetic plane wave. The dominant contribution to the focal-region fields is found by transforming the physical-optics integral over the reflector surface into a plane-wave spectral (PWS) integral. The PWS integral is evaluated rapidly via the fast Fourier transform (FET) algorithm to furnish, in only a single computation, the field for every place in the focal plane (or any plane parallel to it) within the focal region for a given direction of the incident wave. The correction to the physical-optics field is relatively small in the focal region and may therefore be neglected. Numerical results based on this PWS approach are presented, and their accuracy is established by comparison with results based on other approaches     

Formulation for wire radiators on bodies of translation with and without end caps

A formulation, based on the method of moments (MM), is presented for active and passive wire radiators attached to, or near, a broad class of bodies and surfaces, including open or closed cylinders of arbitrary cross section as well as finite flat or curved panels. The development expands the utility of the MM theory for various antenna problems. The analysis incorporates a special junction basis set for the antenna attachment points. Total domain and piecewise continuous expansion functions are used on the surfaces. The formulation is primarily intended for prediction of radiation patterns of wire antennas (such as monopoles and loops) on asymmetric bodies of translation, open or closed (capped). The present method has shown satisfactory agreement with published data in the prediction of antenna input impedances as well.     

紧缩场干扰波的时域分析

紧缩场电气测试调整是保证紧缩场最终电气性能指标的一个重要过程。在此过程中，需要根据电气性能检测结果对紧缩场电气设计和机械设计进行必要的调整，排除或尽量控制影响静区的干扰波。在满足近轴近似的条件下，通过平面波角谱分析的方法可以准确地预测干扰波的入射方向和大小。对入射方向相同或相近的两列干扰波，可以采用时域分析方法进行辅助分析。     

一种计算毫米波微带天线阵馈线损耗的方法

微带阵列天线增益的计算必须计入微带线损耗才有可靠精度,为此提出了一种计算毫米波微带天线阵整体馈线损耗的方法,导出了256元并馈阵、192元串并馈阵的损耗计算表达式,计算值与现有实测值相比较证实了本方法的有效性。     

阵列天线近场校准方法及在波束形成中的应用

大型相控阵天线阵列由于天线口径很大,给天线远场测试带来很多困难,天线近场测试方法可以有效解决这类问题。本文在实际工程中利用天线近场测试方法对大型天线阵列的幅相误差进行了测试及校准。试验结果表明,此方法可以用于评估阵列天线的一致性。波束形成后,相对于接收机闭环校准,天线误差校准可以明显降低旁瓣,并且测角偏差明显减少,在短波低频段表现尤为突出。     

The design of radially symmetric lenses

For scanning over wide angles at millimeter wavelengths, an antenna incorporating a radially symmetric lens is an attractive solution if the lens can be realized in a practical form. It is shown that suitable lenses can be constructed very simply, from natural dielectrics if desired, and a design technique for the optimal antenna is presented. Some results are given of analytical and experimental studies of a number of actual antennas operating at wavelengths near 4 mm. These confirm that practical solutions are available. Homogeneous lenses may be used up to antenna gains of about 35 dB, and a lens consisting of a single shell and a core is sufficient for most other practical requirements.     

Time domain analysis of patch antennas in a magnetized plasma bythe spatial network method

The near field of a patch antenna in a magnetized plasma is simulated by use of the spatial network method, which is a three-dimensional time domain simulation method. Two fundamental cases are examined in the radiated field: where the direction of the constant magnetic field is perpendicular to the patch plane, and where it is parallel. Results show that radiation characteristics of patch antennas in a magnetized plasma are different from those in free space. It was also confirmed that the Faraday effect is shown in the near field when a perpendicular constant magnetic field is applied to the antenna. In this analysis, the free boundary condition is approximated by terminating the volume with the free space characteristic impedance. A stricter model is necessary, if a reflectionless boundary is to be realized