冻融循环作用后圆钢管混凝土界面粘结性能试验研究

为研究冻融循环作用后圆钢管混凝土界面粘结滑移性能,以冻融循环次数、钢管壁厚、混凝土强度为变量,设计21个试件进行推出试验,分析冻融损伤后圆钢管混凝土柱粘结强度、荷载—滑移及钢管应变的变化规律。结果表明：经冻融循环作用后圆钢管混凝土柱的荷载—滑移曲线与未经冻融试件趋势相似,均可分为上升段、下降段、残余段;受冻融循环作用影响的圆钢管混凝土柱界面粘结性能下降,粘结强度与冻融循环次数成反比,界面滑移量总体呈上升趋势;增大套箍系数可增大试件界面粘结强度,提高圆钢管混凝土柱抗冻性能。根据试验结果,提出考虑冻融循环次数和套箍系数的圆钢管混凝土柱粘结强度计算表达式,计算结果与试验结果吻合良好。     

电化学参数对混凝土除氯效率的影响

为确定氯盐污染混凝土结构的最佳电化学除氯参数,对掺3%水泥质量NaCl的混凝土圆柱体试件进行电化学除氯实验,研究了3种不同电流密度（1、2、3A/m²）和3种不同电解液（自来水、饱和Ca（OH）₂溶液、Na₃BO₃为0.1mol/L）作用下的氯离子排出量随时间的变化规律.结果表明：电流密度越大,通电开始6d内混凝土的除氯速率越快;28d的总除氯量越多,钢筋附近混凝土微观结构劣化和碱性物质富集越多.因此,确定2A/m²为最佳电流密度.相同电流密度通电28d后,自来水中的除氯量大约只有其他2种电解液的50%,因此,应采用碱度较高的饱和Ca（OH）₂溶液或物质的量浓度Na₃BO₃为0.1mol/L的电化学除氯电解液.     

试件尺寸对锈蚀钢筋与混凝土间黏结性能的影响

为研究试件尺寸(立方体试件边长为10D,钢筋直径D=14、20、25 mm)对锈蚀钢筋与混凝土间黏结性能的影响,通过电化学加速锈蚀方法,获得了7组不同钢筋锈蚀率(0%、0.5%、1.0%、2.0%、5.0%、8.0%、10.0%)的中心拉拔试件.分析了试件尺寸、锈蚀率等影响因子作用下钢筋与混凝土间黏结性能的变化规律.结果表明:随着锈蚀率的增加,试件尺寸越大其锈胀裂纹出现越早且最大锈胀裂纹越宽;各试件的黏结强度、黏结刚度均随混凝土的恶化及锈蚀率的增加呈现出先增长后逐渐削减的趋势,黏结能量则随锈蚀率的增加而逐渐下降,且较大尺寸试件(D=25 mm)的黏结性能受锈蚀率的影响更为显著;锈胀裂纹出现前,试件自由端峰值滑移、黏结能量下降较为缓慢;当锈胀裂纹出现后,其自由端峰值滑移、黏结能量急剧下降,而后随着锈胀裂纹的加宽,其下降速率趋于平缓.基于试验结果,建立了不同锈蚀率下残余黏结应力与试件尺寸的关系式.     

混合侵蚀与冻融环境下混凝土力学性能劣化试验

以质量分数为3%的NaCl和5%的Na2SO4混合溶液为侵蚀介质,采用快冻法,对设计强度等级为C30、水灰比分别为0.44、0.50、0.55的混凝土试件进行了0、50、100、150、200次冻融循环试验,测定了各组试件的质量损失、抗压强度、应力、应变等。试验结果表明,混凝土随着冻融循环次数的增多,其表观质量和力学性能均呈现出不同程度的下降趋势,且水灰比越大下降越快。建立了与冻融循环次数相关的力学性能劣化线性方程,为进一步开展混凝土结构在冻融和侵蚀离子共同作用下的劣化机理与计算模型的研究提供了依据。     

Experimental and theoretical research on residual strength of plain concrete under compressive fatigue loading

To investigate the residual strength of concrete under fatigue loading, experiments were conducted to determine the functional relation between residual strength and the number of cycles. 80 100mm × 100mm × 100mm specimens of plain concrete were tested under uniaxial compressive fatigue loading. Based on probabili- ty distribution of the residual strength of concrete under fatigue loading, the empirical expressions of the residual strength corresponding to the number of cycles were obtained. There is a good correlation between residual strength and residual secant elastic modulus. Thus the relationship between residual secant elastic modulus and the number of cycles is established. A damage variable based on the longitudinal maximum strain is defined, and a good linearity relationship between residual strength and damage is found out.     

桥梁清水混凝土的耐久性研究

根据桥梁工程特点与服役环境条件,提出桥梁清水混凝土耐久性设计思路与技术途径,制备出满足设计要求的高性能清水混凝土,试验研究其微观孔结构特征、体积变形行为,以及抗氯离子渗透、抗碳化、抗冻与抗硫酸盐侵蚀等耐久性指标。结果表明:制备的桥梁清水混凝土含气量低,结构密实;28 d自收缩率小于3.5×10-4,干燥收缩率小于4.0×10-4,体积稳定性好;C40与C50混凝土56 d电通量分别为819 C与779 C,碳化深度分别为2.3 mm和1.8 mm;300次冻融循环后,质量损失率小于1%,相对动弹模大于95%;150次干湿循环时,抗压强度耐蚀系数在85%以上,耐久性能优越。       

包浆再生粗骨料对自密实混凝土力学性能及抗冻性的影响

通过自密实包浆再生骨料混凝土力学性能及快速冻融循环试验,从试件的抗压强度、劈裂抗拉强度、抗折强度及冻融后试件的质量损失率、抗压强度损失率及相对动弹性模量角度研究了再生粗骨料包浆对自密实再生混凝土性能的影响,结合SEM电镜试验从微观上分析了骨料包浆对混凝土抗冻性能的改善机制.结果 表明:普通混凝土和再生混凝土的劈裂抗拉强...     

Change of Electrochemical Property of Reinforced Concrete after Electrochemical Chloride Extraction

The half cell potential （HCP） and corrosion current of reinforced concrete specimens doped with sodium chloride were determined after electrochemical chloride extraction （ECE）. The experimental results show that when ECE treatment is removed, HCP becomes more negative and corrosion current becomes larger in comparison to those before ECE treatment, then HCP shifts positively and corrosion current decreases with time. After 30 days ECE treatment, the HCP of cored specimens turn to about -100 mV due to the existence of sufficient oxygen around the exposed steel bars, but for un-cored specimens, longer time, about two months, is to be taken. The non-homogeneous HCP distribution at different layers of the same specimen after ECE treatment might induce secondary corrosion of steels.     

碱激发下粉煤灰-市政污泥固废基混凝土抗冻融性能

为改善市政污泥对混凝土抗冻融性能的劣化效果,在氢氧化钠及水玻璃的复合激发下,用经生石灰改性后的市政污泥取代10%细骨料,粉煤灰分别取代10%、20%与30%水泥,制备了混凝土。分析了不同冻融循环次数下,混凝土的表观现象、相对质量、相对动弹性模量、相对抗压强度及微观结构随粉煤灰掺量与碱当量的变化规律,分别以相对动弹性模量与相对抗压强度为损伤变量建立了不同的冻融损伤模型。研究结果表明：随冻融循环次数增加,混凝土表观损伤愈发严重,内部孔隙增多,相对动弹性模量及相对抗压强度显著降低;与对照组相比,粉煤灰及碱激发剂的加入可以改善市政污泥对混凝土冻融耐久性的劣化效果,降低混凝土在冻融循环作用下的质量损失、动弹性模量损失及抗压强度损失;当粉煤灰掺量10%、碱当量4%时,粉煤灰可在碱激发剂及改性污泥中残余碱的联合作用下被较充分地激发,可消纳改性污泥中的残余碱,减弱市政污泥对混凝土抗冻融性能的劣化效果,此时混凝土水化程度最高,在冻融循环作用下的质量损失、动弹性模量损失及抗压强度损失最小,且服役寿命最长,约为16a以上;相对动弹性模量与相对抗压强度相关性良好,分别以两者为损伤变量的冻融损伤模型与试验结果均吻合良好。     

盐冻环境下钢筋混凝土梁抗弯性能试验研究

试验研究了盐冻环境下钢筋混凝土梁抗弯性能的退化规律,分析比较了完好梁和经历25、50、75及100次盐冻融循环作用梁的承载力和变形性能.结果表明：受冻梁截面混凝土应变仍满足平截面假定,受力特征与完好梁相似;影响盐冻融环境下梁承载力的主要因素是受压区混凝土保护层的剥落,其次是混凝土强度的降低,而钢筋与混凝土粘结性能退化的影响并不显著;混凝土强度降低、保护层损伤及粘结性能退化均是冻融环境下混凝土梁变形增大的重要因素,梁刚度的降低程度除与冻融次数相关外,还受冻融损伤位置和持荷水平影响.     

Freeze-thaw bond properties of new-old concrete

Using composite cubic specimens of new-old concrete,the bond splitting tensile strength and failure mechanism for the interface of new-old concrete in saturating state were explored when exposed to freeze-thaw cycling. Specimens were experienced for 0,25,50,75,100 and 125 freezing cycles. The roughness and adhesion agent including cement paste,cement mortar and cement paste with 10 percent of UEA expanding agent were also investigated. The test results indicate that the bond splitting tensile strength decreases with increased numbers of freezing-and-thawing cycles. The roughness and adhesion agent have different effects on the bond strength.     

Freeze-thaw Resistance of Concrete in Seawater

The effect of freeze-thaw cycles in seawater on the performance of concrete was studied in this paper. Concrete samples with different water binder ratio and different component were prepared,and were then put into fresh water and synthesized seawater. After the experiments of freeze-thaw cycles,the mass loss,relative dynamic elastic modulus (RDEM) and compressive strength of each sample were tested. The results obtained reveal that with the increase of the water binder ratio,the resistance ability of freeze-thaw impact in seawater of concrete decrease dramatically. When the concrete contain 15% fly ash and 20% slag,its resistance ability to the freeze-thaw impact in seawater is the optimal. Compared to the seawater corrosion,the impact of freeze-thaw cycles to the properties of concrete is severer.     

Mechanical and frost-resistance properties of rural area building waste hollow bricks

Serving as recycled coarse aggregate, the pretreated rural building waste was added into the concrete hollow bricks in the varying replacement of 0, 20%, 40%, 60%, 80% and 100%. By testing its compressive strength, flexural strength, mass and strength loss after freeze-thaw cycles, the impact of the different replacement on mechanical and frost-resistance properties of concrete hollow bricks was presented through SEM analysis. The experimental results show that, with the increase in recycled coarse aggregate replacement rate, the mechanical and frost-resistance properties show a downward trend; when the replacement rate is 40%, 28 d compressive strength and flexural strength of concrete hollow brick demonstrate the good peak value which meet the requirement of the national standard for ordinary small concrete hollow bricks; the interfacial structures of the pretreated recycled concrete is more complicated than those of concrete made of natural aggregate, but the former enjoys better interface bonding and tight structure.     

基于灰色理论的混凝土梁冻融后质量损失率预测

目的对冻融循环作用后,混凝土强度等级为C30的钢筋混凝土梁的质量损失率进行定量分析,为建筑结构设计和耐久性检测提供参考．方法引入控制论当中的灰色预测理论对冻融循环试验结果进行分析,在此基础上对试验结果的平均值进行预测分析并得出规律．结果对两组冻融循环作用180次的试验数据以及数据的平均值进行预测,得出钢筋混凝土梁的质量损失率与冻融循环作用次数之间的关系式,且计算结果与试验结果之间的残差值在理论控制范围内．结论通过对比分析三个曲线方程,得出其中最适合表达混凝土梁质量损失率与冻融循环次数之间关系的曲线方程,且推导出的方程可以用于实际工程计算和分析．     

电化学除盐中混凝土内氯离子的迁移特征研究

对电化学除盐过程中混凝土内Cl-的迁移特征进行了研究,并根据单位通电量作用下氯离子的驱除效率提出了电化学除盐能效比的定义。结果表明,电化学除盐后混凝土内氯离子呈上凸曲线分布,即除盐后钢筋周围与辅助阳极附近的混凝土中Cl-浓度较低,而中部混凝土中Cl-浓度较高;电化学除盐能效比的分析发现,电化学除盐的前期,电流密度愈大,除盐能效比愈高;电化学除盐的后期,电流密度愈小,除盐能效比愈高。     

Freeze-thaw Durability of Recycled Aggregate Concrete:An Overview

The characteristics of surface appearances,mass loss,relative dynamic modulus of elasticity and strength loss of different recycled aggregate concretes(RAC) exposed to freeze-thaw cycles were analyzed.It was found that the freeze-thaw resistance of RAC could be determined by the recycled aggregate compositions and admixtures.Both the saturation degree and the air void structure were the key factors influencing the freeze-thaw damage on concrete.Some major proposed freeze-thaw deterioration mechanisms were utilized to interpret the freeze-thaw damage on recycled aggregate concrete.Meanwhile,some potential measures to enhance the freeze-thaw resistance of concrete were summarized and discussed.     

冻融损伤混凝土重复受压本构关系

为研究冻融损伤对混凝土重复受压力学性能的影响,完成了两种强度等级混凝土试块的快速冻融及重复受压试验.结果表明,冻融损伤混凝土重复受压力学性能显著降低,动力本构特征曲线也发生改变,包络线及再加载曲线在峰值应力之前因存在明显压实效应而表现出下凹形态,卸载曲线应变滞后现象严重且曲线逐渐趋于重合.在试验研究基础上,探讨了冻融循环次数、混凝土强度等级与冻融后混凝土力学性能参数及本构模型参数之间的关系,建立了冻融损伤混凝土动力本构模型.     

冻融环境下沙漠砂对混凝土轴心受压力学性能的影响

为研究沙漠砂对混凝土抗冻性能的影响,采用快速冻融方法,进行掺沙漠砂混凝土冻融后轴心抗压强度试验,得到不同冻融循环作用下掺沙漠砂混凝土破坏特征和应力-应变曲线,分析不同冻融循环下掺沙漠砂混凝土表面损伤特征、质量损失率、动弹性模量损失率和超声波波速损失率的变化规律.结果表明:随着冻融循环次数增加,掺沙漠砂混凝土质量损失率变化较小,动弹性模量损失率、超声波波速损失率、相对峰值应变和极限应变均增大,相对峰值应力和横向变形系数均减小,弹性模量先增大后减小;在相同冻融循环次数下,掺沙漠砂混凝土弹性模量损失率、超声波波速损失率和相对峰值应变均小于普通混凝土,相对峰值应力、横向变形系数和弹性模量比普通混凝土高.采用过镇海提出的单轴受压本构模型拟合得到应力-应变全曲线方程,分析冻融循环对应力-应变曲线控制参数的影响,可对沙漠砂混凝土结构的抗冻性能进行分析.     

冻融作用后钢筋与混凝土之间粘结性能研究

目的研究冻融循环作用后钢筋与混凝土之间粘结性能的退化规律.方法测定在常态和经过了50、100、150、200次快速冻融循环作用后钢筋与混凝土之间的粘结劈裂强度以及粘结滑移曲线,分析了粘结应力与粘结劈裂强度随冻融循环次数的退化规律.结果将试验结果与冻融作用后混凝土的劈拉强度衰减规律进行了对比,发现粘结劈裂强度表现出更显著的退化趋势,通过界面理论解释了钢筋与混凝土粘结过渡区的形成机理和显微结构特点,阐明了粘结性能对冻融作用的高敏感性,印证了宏观力学试验的测试结果.最后,建立了与相对动弹模损失率相关的粘结滑移本构方程及相关参数.结论冻融循环作用将导致钢筋与混凝土之间粘结界面发生损伤,出现局部"脱粘"现象,增大了混凝土发生粘结劈裂破坏的可能性.     

钢纤维混凝土抗冻性能试验研究

为了研究钢纤维混凝土的抗冻性能,采用快冻法进行了0%、0.5%、1.0%、1.5%、2.0%五种不同钢纤维掺量的混凝土在水中和3.5%氯化钠溶液中冻融试验。通过分析冻融循环次数和钢纤维体积率对钢纤维混凝土冻融后质量损失、劈裂强度损失和相对动弹性模量变化的影响,分析了冻融环境下钢纤维对混凝土的增强机理。并且用压汞法和SEM从微观上研究了钢纤维混凝土的孔径分布特征,讨论了微观结构对其抗冻性能的影响。研究表明,在冻融循环作用下掺入适量的钢纤维能够减小混凝土内部的孔隙率、增加密实度,有效阻止混凝土内部微裂缝的产生与发展,提高混凝土的抗冻性能。钢纤维掺量对混凝土抗冻性影响显著,掺量为1.5%时,钢纤维对混凝土抗冻性能改善效果最好。