M型锶铁氧体纳米纤维静电纺丝和磁性能

以聚乙烯吡咯烷酮(Polyvinylpylrrolidone,PVP)和金属盐为原料,采用静电纺丝法制备了SrFe12O19/PVP复合纤维前驱体,前驱体经焙烧后得到M型锶铁氧体纳米纤维.通过FTIR、TG/DSC、XRD、SEM和VSM技术对复合纤维前驱体及所制备的M型锶铁氧体纳米纤维进行了表征.结果表明,复合纤维前驱体的直径与溶液中金属盐浓度有关,随盐浓度的升高纤维直径增大;经800℃焙烧2h后,得到纯相M型锶铁氧体纳米纤维,直径在100～150nm,组成纤维的平均晶粒大小约为49nm,且随焙烧温度的升高,晶粒长大;经1000℃焙烧2h后得到的锶铁氧体纤维的磁性能最佳,此时纤维平均直径约为100nm,晶粒尺寸约为61nm,室温下测得的饱和磁化强度为68.5A.m2/kg,矫顽力为503kA/m.     

静电纺丝法制备聚苯乙烯微纳米纤维膜及其过滤性能

采用静电纺丝法制备聚苯乙烯(PS)微纳米纤维膜,研究了静电纺丝工艺对PS纤维膜微观形貌、纤维直径以及孔隙尺寸分布的影响,并表征了其对固体颗粒物的过滤性能。结果表明:随着纺丝电压和接收距离的增加,PS纤维膜的直径和孔隙尺寸均减小且分布集中,随着推进速率增加,PS纤维膜的直径和孔隙尺寸逐渐增加且分布范围变宽;当纺丝电压为24kv,收集距离为24cm,推进速率为0.318mL/h时所得PS纤维膜的直径和孔隙中位径分别为940.1nm和1979.4nm,过滤尺寸范围为0.1~35μm的固体颗粒后,剩余颗粒的平均粒径仅为2.19μm。     

二醋酸(SCA)纳米纤维的制备与性能表征

为了研究二醋酸纳米纤维的制备方法和性能,采用静电纺丝技术,选择丙酮和二甲基乙酰胺为溶剂,制备出直径分布均匀的SCA纳米纤维膜.利用原子力显微镜(AFM)和扫描电镜(SEM)及相关软件,分析纳米纤维直径分布及形态;在静电纺电压为16kV、纺丝液质量分数为11%、接收距离(C-SD)为12cm的条件下,纺出连续均匀的纳米纤维,其直径分布在200～300nm之间;对二醋酸纳米纤维膜进行透气性测试发现,纳米纤维膜的透气性与中性定性滤纸的透气性相当.     

P(GMA-co-MA)-g-PEO纳米纤维膜酶载体的制备与表征

以聚乙二醇甲基丙烯酸甲酯(PEGMEMA)、甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯(GMA)和丙烯酸甲酯(MA)为原料,用偶氮二异丁腈(AIBN)引发合成P(GMA-co-MA)-g-PEO共聚物。通过静电纺丝制备了P(GMA-co-MA)-g-PEO纳米纤维膜酶载体,并用傅立叶红外光谱、热失重分析对载体进行结构表征。通过扫描电镜,探究了不同纺丝工艺下纳米纤维膜形态。通过静态接触角、动态接触角研究了纳米纤维膜酶载体的亲水性能。结果表明:在纺丝电压18kV、纺丝距离18cm、纺丝速度为0.1mL/h的工艺下,载体纤维直径为671nm,均匀度较好;载体具有一定的亲水性能。     

醋酸纳米纤维膜的制备及性能表征

为了研究醋酸纳米纤维膜的形貌及截滤性能,采用静电纺丝技术制备出纺丝液质量分数分别为11%、13%和15%的纳米纤维膜.利用原子力显微镜(AFM)、扫描电镜(SEM)及相关分析软件分析了不同质量分数纳米纤维膜的直径分布及形态.在实验范围内,醋酸纳米纤维的平均直径为200～900nm,均匀性较好,具有较好的可纺性.同时研究了纺丝液不同质量分数的纳米纤维膜的吸水和滤茵性能,测试结果表明,纳米纤维膜具有优良的滤菌性能,且随着纺丝液质量分数的提高,吸水和滤茵性能均有不同程度的下降,这与纳米纤维直径的变化是一致的.     

醋酸纤维素导电纤维膜的制备及其电热性能研究

以醋酸纤维素(CA)为原料制备静电纺丝纤维膜，研究其可纺性能。结果表明，在CA的质量分数为10%～12%,纺丝距离为10～15cm,纺丝电压为12.5～17.5kV,丙酮/DMAc溶剂配比为6∶3的纺丝条件下，可以获得粗细均匀，表面平滑，且直径小于700nm的CA纳米纤维。将制备的纳米纤维膜脱乙酰化处理后，利用原位聚合法制备聚吡咯/醋酸纤维(PPy/D-CA)复合导电膜，并对其电热性能进行测试，结果表明PPy/D-CA复合导电膜具有较好的电热性能。     

静电纺工艺参数对含银PA6纳米纤维直径的影响

为了研究静电纺工艺参数对含银PA6纳米纤维直径分布的影响,采用静电纺丝技术,在不同含银量、纺丝液质量分数、纺丝电压、接收距离(C-SD)、喷嘴直径条件下制备出含银PA6纳米纤维膜.利用扫描电镜(SEM)及相关软件分析纳米纤维直径分布及形态,在银溶胶质量分数0.2%～0.4%、纺丝液质量分数10%～16%、纺丝电压12～21kV、接收距离9～18cm、喷嘴直径0.5～1.2mm的实验范围内,纳米纤维的平均直径为70～90nm;纳米纤维直径随银溶胶质量分数的增加而减小,随纺丝液质量分数的增加而增大,随喷嘴直径的增大而增大;电压和接收距离对纳米纤维直径的影响较小.     

动态线性电极静电纺PVA纳米纤维的可纺性

为了解决传统针式静电纺针头易堵塞不易产业化的问题,采用铜丝动态线性电极静电纺丝技术对PVA纳米纤维的可纺性进行研究。利用扫描电子显微镜研究了PVA溶液浓度、电压和纺丝距离对PVA纤维形貌及直径分布的影响。结果表明:随PVA溶液浓度降低,溶液粘度和电导率减小,纤维直径及其分布变小。且随纺丝距离增大,纤维直径变细,纤维形貌变好。当PVA浓度为10%(质量分数),电压80 kV,距离30 cm时,可制备出形貌良好的纳米纤维,其直径为433 nm,产量高达 6.8 g/h ;当PVA浓度为5%(质量分数),电压80 kV,距离30 cm, 可纺最细纤维直径为96 nm。本研究可为未来PVA静电纺纳米纤维膜的规模化制备提供参考。     

热处理温度对M-Ba铁氧体微米纤维结构和磁性能的影响

以柠檬酸和金属盐为原料,采用有机凝胶先驱体转化法成功制备了直径为500～600nm的钡铁氧体(BaFe12O19)微米纤维。通过XRD、SEM和VSM等技术对所制备的目标纤维进行了表征。结果表明,经750℃焙烧2h后,可获得M-Ba铁氧体纯相。随着焙烧温度的升高,晶粒逐渐长大,经850℃焙烧2h后,纤维主要由比较规则的片状晶粒组成。钡铁氧体纤维的磁性能主要受晶粒尺寸和测试温度的影响。经950℃焙烧2h后,组成纤维的晶粒尺寸约为62nm,室温下测得的饱和磁化强度和矫顽力均取得最大值,分别约为67A.m2/kg和328kA/m。在液氮(77K)条件下,纤维的饱和磁化强度有显著提高,最大值约为87A.m2/kg,这主要是由于纳米晶的表面自旋有序程度提高造成的。     

动态线纺聚乙烯醇/海藻酸钠纳米纤维膜的制备

为了实现静电纺纳米纤维产量化的制备,使用自主设计的无针式动态线性电极静电纺丝机制备聚乙烯醇(PVA)/海藻酸钠(SA)(AP)纳米纤维膜。采用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)研究PVA/SA配比、收集距离和纺丝电压对纤维形貌及直径分布的影响。结果表明,PVA/SA配比对纤维形貌影响最大,随着SA含量降低,溶液牵伸顺利;在此基础上随着距离增加,纤维形貌逐渐改善但不匀率有所增加。当7.5%PVA与2%SA按体积比9∶1共混时,所得纤维形貌及直径分布最佳,最佳纺丝电压和距离分别为75 kV和25 cm,纤维平均直径为(187±44) nm,产量可达2.5 g/h。为AP纳米纤维膜的规模化制备提供了参考。     

Insertion of triangulated surfaces into a meccano tetrahedral discretization by means of mesh refinement and optimization procedures

In this paper, we present a new method for inserting several triangulated surfaces into an existing tetrahedral mesh generated by the meccano method. The result is a conformal mesh where each inserted surface is approximated by a set of faces of the final tetrahedral mesh. First, the tetrahedral mesh is refined around the inserted surfaces to capture their geometric features. Second, each immersed surface is approximated by a set of faces from the tetrahedral mesh. Third, following a novel approach, the nodes of the approximated surfaces are mapped to the corresponding immersed surface. Fourth, we untangle and smooth the mesh by optimizing a regularized shape distortion measure for tetrahedral elements in which we move all the nodes of the mesh, restricting the movement of the edge and surface nodes along the corresponding entity they belong to. The refining process allows approximating the immersed surface for any initial meccano tetrahedral mesh. Moreover, the proposed projection method avoids computational expensive geometric projections. Finally, the applied simultaneous untangling and smoothing process delivers a high‐quality mesh and ensures that the immersed surfaces are interpolated. Several examples are presented to assess the properties of the proposed method.     

Certification Institutions Expected to Update and Transfer Information on Present Standards

Standards are the basis for production enterprises to organize production, ex-factory inspection, trade (delivery) and technical exchanges, product certification, quality arbitration and supervision.……     

Flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases

A flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases is presented. A better knowledge of the properties of the liquefied natural gas is needed, and therefore a liquid loop has been designed for our flow calorimeter. The fluid loop in the calorimeter is designed in order to avoid the two-phase region, since two phases would give compositional disturbances in the measurements. The avoidance of the two-phase region is made possible by increasing the pressure of the test fluid after the measurement section, then heating the fluid at super-critical pressure past the critical point. Finally, the fluid is throttled to the low-pressure gas state at the inlet condition of the compressor that circulates the fluid. To perform the pressure increase, a new cryogenic pump has been designed. To evaluate the new equipment, measurements were taken on liquid ethane over the temperature range 146–256 K at pressure between 0.9 and 5.1 MPa.     

Refrigerators Enter a New Era of Health Preservation Frestech initiates the establishment of China's first standard for household sterilization refrigerators

On November 30, 2007, the China Association for Standardization (CAS) held a press conference at Beijing Diaoyutai State Guest House. Leaders from the China Household Electric Appliance Research Institute, the China Household Electric Appliance Association, and the China Consumers' Association attended and made speeches.……     

Optimum-Simulation von Ernteprozessen

Zusammenfassung Bei der Gestaltung von Ernteprozessen — beispielsweise des Prozesses Mähdrusch, Körnertransport und -abnahme — als transportverbundene Fließarbeitsverfahren mit mindestens zwei verschiedenen Arbeitsmitteln gibt es einen großen Optimierungsspielraum. Solche Prozesse sind mehrstufige Bedienungsprozesse mit gemischter Anordnung der Bedienungseinrichtungen. Außerdem besitzen sie stark ausgeprägte räumliche Aspekte. Es wird vor allem gezeigt, welche Merkmale solcher Prozesse in Simulationsmodellen abgebildet sein müssen, welche Zielgrößen in Abhängigkeit von welchen Einflußgrößen unter Berücksichtigung welcher Prozeßbedingungen ermittelt werden sollten und wie der Bewertungsprozeß zur Ermittlung der gewünschten Informationen gestaltet werden muß.     

A study of centrifugal cast high boron high speed steel

In the present study a high‐boron high speed steel (HSS) roll material was designed. Many expensive alloy elements have been substituted by cheap boron alloy, and high‐boron high speed steel roll has been manufactured by centrifugal casting method. The microstructures, mechanical properties and wear resistance of centrifugal casting high‐boron high speed steel roll have been investigated by optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X‐ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, hardness test, impact test and wear test. The results indicated that the solidification microstructures of high‐boron high speed steel roll consisted of M₂(B,C), (W,Mo)₂(B,C), M₃(B,C), M₂₃(B,C)₆ type borocarbides and martensite, a small amount of retained austenite. Borocarbides were continuously distributed over the grain boundary. After quenching from 1050 °C, local broken network appeared in partial borocarbides, and fine secondary borocarbide precipitated from the matrix. After tempering from 525 °C, the amount of precipitated borocarbide increased significantly. After heat treatment, the hardness of high‐boron high speed steel roll excelled 60 HRC, and its impact toughness excelled 8.0 J/cm². The single groove steel rolling amount of high‐boron high speed steel rolls increases by 500% than that of bainite cast iron roll, when the rolls are used in K₁ mill housing of bar mill.     

Thixotropy of Systems with Shear Thinning and Plastic Flow Behavior

The definition of the thixotropy is a decrease in viscosity with time in shear and a subsequent recovery of viscosity after the shear deformation is removed.We ...     

Brainstorming for ISO Strategy 2016-2020

正Responding to ISO’s appeal for survey for the to-be-developed ISO Strategy Plan for 2016-2020,SAC hosted a special workshop over the needs and comments of various fi elds on June 8 in Beijing.The workshop was attended by ISO President-elect and Ansteel General Manager Zhang Xiaogang,SAC Vice-Administrator Yu Xinli,and 30 experts from     

CNAS Passes APLAC's PTP Review

正The review group of Asia Pacific Laboratory Accreditation Cooperation(APLAC)carried out a 4-day peer review of the proficiency testing provider(PTP)for China National Accreditation Service for Conformity Assessment(CNAS)from July 28 to 31,2014.CNAS passed the PTP review with excellent performance.Two senior peer reviewers of APLAC made a comprehensive,rigorous and detailed review of CNAS’s PTP accreditation activities,and made the on-spot inspection of the review groups in Shanghai and Shenzhen respectively.