复合表面改性协同增强Ti合金高温微动疲劳抗力

研究了Ti811（Ti8A11MolV）钛合金表面离子束增强沉积（IBED）0Cr18Ni9膜层的膜基界面成分分布、膜基结合强度、膜层硬度和摩擦学行为。利用喷丸形变强化对IBED膜层进行后处理，拟达到联合提高钛合金高温微动疲劳抗力的目的。结果表明：离子束增强沉积技术可以获得致密度高，晶粒细化，孔隙率低，膜基结合强度高的0Cr18Ni9膜层，从而显著提高了钛合金表面硬度和耐磨性能；离子束增强沉积0Cr18Ni9膜层的耐磨性能与喷丸形变强化引入的表层残余压应力协同作用，使Ti811合金在350℃高温下的微动疲劳抗力显著提高，并且高于喷丸强化或IBED膜层的单独作用。     

喷丸强化因素对Ti811合金高温微动疲劳抗力的影响

探讨了高温下喷丸强化（SP）因素（残余压应力引入、表面粗糙度增大、表面加工硬化等）对Ti811钛合金微动疲劳（FF）抗力的作用规律和机制。结果表明，SP处理可以有效地提高350℃高温下Ti811合金的微动疲劳抗力，但对500℃下FF抗力有不利影响：SP引入的表层残余压应力增加裂纹闭合力，是SP提高350℃高温下钛合金FF抗力最为重要的因素，SP表面加工硬化的作用为次要因素；SP造成的粗糙度增大在350℃和500℃高温下对钛合金的FF抗力呈现出不利的作用，原因是表面机械损伤的影响突出，这种影响与残余压应力的存在状态有关。     

等离子渗氮与喷丸强化复合改进钛合金抗微动损伤性能

利用直流脉冲等离子电源装置对Ti6A14V钛合金表面渗氮处理,研究了渗氮层的相组成、硬度分布、韧度及摩擦学性能,采用喷丸形变强化(SP)对渗氮层进行后处理,以达到联合提高钛合金微动疲劳(FF)抗力的目的.研究结果表明:脉冲电源等离子技术可在钛合金表面获得由TiN、Ti2N、Ti2A1N等相组成的渗氮层,该改性层能够显著地提高钛合金常规磨损和微动磨损(FW)抗力,但降低了基材的FF抗力.渗氮层的减摩和抗磨性能与SP引入的表面残余压应力协同作用,使钛合金FF抗力超过了SP单独作用.提高渗氮层韧度对改善钛合金FF和FW性能均十分重要.     

离子辅助沉积TiN/Ti复合膜提高TC17钛合金高温微动疲劳抗力

为提高钛合金高温微动疲劳抗力,利用离子辅助电弧沉积技术在TC17钛合金表面制各了TiN/Ti复合膜层,研究了膜层的剖面成分分布、膜基结合强度、膜层显微硬度、韧性、常规摩擦学性能以及抗高温微动疲劳性能.结果表明:利用离子辅助电弧沉积技术可以获得硬度高、韧性好、膜基结合强度和承载能力优异的TiN/Ti复合膜层,该膜层具有良好的抗磨和减摩性能,能够显著地提高TC17钛合金在350℃高温环境下的常规磨损和微动疲劳抗力.然而,TC17钛合金表面喷丸强化后进行离子辅助沉积TiN/Ti复合膜,由于喷丸层残余压应力的显著松弛以及膜层易于开裂和脱落的缘故,微动疲劳抗力则不及喷丸强化或TiN/Ti复合膜单独作用.     

离子渗ZrN与喷丸复合对TC4合金疲劳行为的影响

为改善钛合金耐磨和抗疲劳性能,采用离子渗技术在TC4钛合金表面先渗Zr,再渗N形成梯度ZrN合金化层,并与喷丸强化(SP)后处理复合。采用扫描电镜(SEM)、X射线衍射仪和显微硬度计分析测试了改性层的组织结构和硬度沿层深的分布,探讨了改性层对TC4钛合金疲劳性能的影响规律和作用机制。结果表明,TC4钛合金离子渗层由ZrN-TiN复合相表层和富氮的Zr-Ti固溶体次表层组成,表面以ZrN相为主,其硬度较基材提高了3.2倍,合理强度的喷丸后处理未造成渗ZrN层表面明显损伤,并使表层硬度进一步增大,硬度沿层深呈现梯度递减分布。渗ZrN层明显降低了TC4合金的疲劳抗力,此归于ZrN-TiN层韧性低、表面粗糙度大。SP后处理则使渗ZrN的TC4钛合金疲劳抗力显著提高,不仅远高于TC4钛合金基材,而且远大于SP处理状态,原因归于复合处理引入了数值高、分布深的残余压应力场,并使表面粗糙度降低、组织改善,有效抑制了疲劳裂纹的萌生和扩展。     

Cu/Ni多层膜对Ti811合金微动磨损和微动疲劳抗力的影响

在Ti811钛合金表面利用离子辅助磁控溅射沉积技术制备20～1200nm不同调制周期的Cu/Ni金属多层膜,分析多层膜的结构,测试膜基结合强度、膜层显微硬度和韧性,对比研究不同调制周期的Cu/Ni多层膜对钛合金基材常温下微动磨损性能和微动疲劳(FF)抗力的影响。结果表明:利用离子辅助磁控溅射技术可以获得致密度高、晶粒细化、膜基结合强度高的Cu/Ni多层膜,该类多层膜具有良好的减摩润滑作用,因而改善了Ti811钛合金常温下抗微动磨损和微动疲劳性能;Cu/Ni多层膜对钛合金FF抗力的改善程度随膜层调制周期呈现非单调变化趋势,调制周期为200nm的Cu/Ni多层膜对钛合金FF抗力的提高程度最大,原因归于该膜层具有良好的强韧和润滑综合性能。     

喷丸强化因素对Ti合金微动疲劳抗力的作用

探讨了喷丸强化（SP）三因素（残余压应力引入,表面粗糙度增大和表面加工硬化）在改善Ti合金微动疲劳（FF）性能中的作用规律和机制。结果表明,SP引入表层残余应力和导致粗糙度增大对提高Ti合金FF抗力起重要作用。前者的作用大于后者,且二者之间存在协同作用效应,即SP表面因粗糙度增大而减缓了表层残余应力的SP引入的表面残余应力主要通过增加裂纹闭合力,抑制FF裂纹早期扩展来提高FF抗力。在表面应力集中严重的接触几何条件下,裂纹扩展控制FF过程,此时SP层残余应力的作用更加显著。     

钛及钛合金喷丸强化研究进展

喷丸强化能够显著提高钛及钛合金材料的常规抗疲劳性能和微动疲劳抗力,在最佳的喷丸工艺条件下可以得到较好的性能.本文从组织强化、应力强化、残余压应力及其松弛、表面粗糙度几方面叙述了钛合金的喷丸强化机制和研究进展.最后阐述了喷丸强化对钛合金力学性能的影响研究.     

湿喷丸强化对TC4疲劳性能的影响机制

利用湿喷丸技术对TC4钛合金进行表面改性处理,显著提高了材料疲劳寿命。对疲劳断口微观组织观察发现,湿喷丸强化处理使试样疲劳裂纹萌生位置由表面转移至试样内部约1 mm深度区域。通过对湿喷丸改性层微观组织分析可知,改性层内的细晶强化和位错强化是导致裂纹萌生位置发生改变的主要因素。湿喷丸引入的残余压应力对裂纹扩展起到有效的阻碍作用。细晶强化、位错强化和残余压应力共同作用提高TC4钛合金的抗疲劳性能。     

湿喷丸强化对TC4合金疲劳断裂机制的影响

利用湿喷丸技术对TC4钛合金进行表面改性处理,显著提高了材料疲劳寿命。对疲劳断口微观组织观察发现,湿喷丸强化处理使试样疲劳裂纹萌生位置由表面转移至试样内部约1 mm深度区域。通过对湿喷丸改性层微观组织分析可知,改性层内的细晶强化和位错强化是导致裂纹萌生位置发生转移的主要因素,同时,湿喷丸引入的残余压应力对裂纹扩展起到有效的阻碍作用。细晶强化、位错强化和残余压应力共同提高了TC4钛合金的抗疲劳性能。     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

Effect of Rare Earth Doping on Impedance,Modulus and Conductivity Properties of Multiferroic Composites:0.5(BiLa_xFe_(1-x)O_3)–0.5(PbTiO_3)

The Lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite–lead titanate compositions of 0.5(Bi LaxFe1-xO3)–0.5(Pb Ti O3)(x = 0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)(BLxF1-x-PT) were prepared by mixed oxide method.Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction and shows a tetragonal structure at room temperature.The lattice parameter c/a ratio decreases with increasing of La(x = 0.05–0.20) concentration of the composites.The effect of charge carrier/ion hopping mechanism,conductivity,relaxation process and impedance parameters was studied using an impedance analyzer in a wide frequency range(102–106Hz) at different temperatures.The nature of Nyquist plot confirms the presence of bulk effects only,and non-Debye type of relaxation processes occurs in the composites.The electrical modulus exhibits an important role of the hopping mechanism in the electrical transport process of the materials.The ac conductivity and dc conductivity of the materials were studied,and the activation energy found to be 0.81,0.77,0.76 and 0.74 e V for all compositions of x = 0.05–0.20 at different temperatures(200–300 °C).     

Quantitative Analysis of the Crystallographic Orientation Relationship Between the Martensite and Austenite in Quenching–Partitioning–Tempering Steels

The orientation relationships(ORs)between the martensite and the retained austenite in low-and medium-carbon steels after quenching–partitioning–tempering process were studied in this work.The ORs in the studied steels are identified by selected-area electron diffraction(SAED)as either K–S or N–W ORs.Meanwhile,the ORs were also studied based on numerical fitting of electron backscatter diffraction data method suggested by Miyamoto.The simulated K–S and N–W ORs in the low-index directions generally do not well coincide with the experimental pole figure,which may be attributed to both the orientation spread from the ideal variant orientations and high symmetry of the low-index directions.However,the simulated results coincide well with experimental pole figures in the high-index directions{123}_(bcc).A modified method with simplicity based on Miyamoto’s work was proposed.The results indicate that the ORs determined by modified method are similar to those determined by Miyamoto’method,that is,the OR is near K–S OR for the low-carbon Q–P–T steel,and with the increase of carbon content,the OR is closer to N–W OR in medium-carbon Q–P–T steel.     

The Mirror with Patterns of Auspicious Animals and Grapes——Exquisite cast mirror and the technology of surface tin-enrichment by rubbing-in and infiltration of tin-rich powder

<正>Bronze mirrors were used by the Chinese people before the introduction of the glass mirror.Only after it was replaced by the glass mirror did the bronze mirror gradually retreat from people's lives.Different styles of bronze mirrors were made in different historical periods,particularly in the Warring States Period,the Han and Tang Dynasties,which were the three peaks of the development of bronze mirror arts in ancient China.The casting techniques were exquisite.The surface of the bronze mirror was smooth and bright enough to reflect one's image,and there were scarcely any casting defects on the mirror surface.On the back of the bronze mirror,there were rich depictions of Arts and Humanities,and the ornamentations were also     

The 9th China International Diecasting Congress & Exhibition

The 9th China International Diecasting Congress ＆ Exhibition was held on July 22-24, 2014 at Shanghai New International Expc Centre. This exhibition was the most successful over the years, with over 6890 visitors and 155 exhibitors, and the exhibition area increased by 30% from 9,500 square meters in 2012 to 12340 square meters. Die casting enterprises from a total of 24 countries and regions, including China mainland, Chinese Taiwan and Hong Kong, South Korea, Japan, Germany, India, Thailand, Malaysia, the United States, Russia, Australia, Iran, Ukraine, Brazil, Colombia, Singapore, Austria, Canada, Croatia, France, Turkey, United Kingdom, Vietnam, attended the congress and exhibition.     

Introduction of the Fluid Control Engineering Institute of Kunming University of Science and Technology

正The Fluid Control Engineering Institute of Kunming University of Science and Technology was set up in 1996.The researches of institute concentrate on electro-hydraulic(pneumatic)servo/proportional control and hydromechatronics.The Institute is committed to research and development of electro-hydraulic control of high-end technical equipment in ferrous metallurgy refining produc-     

RARE METALS Volume Contents

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Antimony Induced Crystallization of Amorphous Silicon

Antimony induced crystallization of PVD (physics vapor deposition) amorphous silicon can be observed on sapphire substrates. Very large crystalline regions up to several tens of micrometers can be formed. The Si diffraction patterns of the area of crystallization can be observed with TEM (transmission electron microscopy). Only a few and much smaller crystals of the order of 1μm were formed when the antimony layer was deposited by MBE (molecular beam epitaxy) compared with a layer formed by thermal evaporation. The use of high vacuum is essential in order to observe any Sb induced crystallization at all. In addition it is necessary to take measures to limit the evaporation of the antimony.     

A CUMULATIVE FATIGUE DAMAGE RULE UNDER THE ALTERNATIVE OF CORROSION OR CYCLIC LOADING

Fatigue damage increases with the applied loading cycles in a cumulative manner and the material deteriorates with the corrosion time. A cumulative fatigue damage rule under the alternative of corrosion or cyclic loading was proposed. The specimens of aluminum alloy LY12-CZ soaked in corrosive liquid for different times were tested under the constant amplitude cyclic loading to obtain S-N curves. The test was carried out to verify the proposed cumulative fatigue damage rule under the different combinations among corrosion time, loading level, and the cycle numbers. It was shown that the predicted residual fatigue lives showed a good agreement with the experimental results and the proposed rule was simple and can be easily adopted.