激光熔覆MoNbTaVW难熔高熵合金涂层微动磨损性能

研究了采用激光熔覆技术制备的MoNbTaVW难熔高熵合金涂层在不同载荷(10N、20N、30N)、不同微动磨损幅值(50μm、150μm、250μm)、不同循环次数(5 000、10 000、15 000)下的微动磨损性能及微动磨损机制。结果表明:所制备的MoNbTaVW难熔高熵合金涂层由Fe₇Ta₃型HCP固溶体相、FCC固溶体相及(Fe,Ni)基体相组成,其中FCC相为未熔的高熵合金粉末。根据正交实验极差分析可知,微动磨损幅值对磨损体积的影响最大,微动磨损载荷对磨损体积的影响次之,微动磨损循环次数对磨损体积的影响最小,其中MoNbTaVW难熔高熵合金涂层在15 000次、20N、250μm微动磨损条件下的磨损体积达到最大值;微动磨损载荷对摩擦系数的影响最大,微动磨损幅值对摩擦系数的影响次之,微动磨损循环次数对摩擦系数的影响最小,其中MoN bTaVW难熔高熵合金涂层在10 000次、30 N、150μm微动磨损条件下的摩擦系数达到最大值。MoNbTaVW难熔高熵合金涂层的微动磨损机制主要为氧化磨损和黏着磨损,磨损产生的磨损碎片主要为Ta、...     

晶界工程处理对Inconel 690TT合金微动磨损行为的影响EI北大核心CSCD

采用热处理加冷轧的晶界工程处理,利用OM,SEM,EBSD和白光干涉仪等研究Inconel 690TT合金在室温与320℃空气中的微动磨损行为。结果表明:经5%冷轧变形及高温短时间退火处理后Inconel 690TT合金的显微组织中低∑重位点阵(CSL)晶界比例达到70%以上;Inconel 690TT合金试样在室温和320℃下的微动磨损体积与摩擦因数均随硬度增加而降低,随晶粒尺寸和低∑CSL晶界比例增加而增大;在相同微动实验参数下,晶粒尺寸越大、低∑CSL晶界比例越高试样的微动运动区域特性倾向于完全滑移,反之倾向于部分滑移;与晶粒尺寸相比,低∑CSL晶界比例对晶界工程处理试样的微动磨损抗力的影响更强,低∑CSL晶界比例越高材料的抗微动磨损能力越差,晶界工程处理不利于提高材料的微动磨损抗力。     

碳纤维增强聚醚醚酮复合材料骨诱导修复植入体制备及微动摩擦学性能

引起植入体无菌松动的主要原因是植入体与骨组织之间的微动磨损。通过层叠法制备了碳纤维(CF)增强聚醚醚酮(PEEK)复合材料,在模拟体温37℃、模拟体液(SBF)润滑条件下,探究CF/PEEK复合材料的基本力学性能和截面微动摩擦学性能。通过改变法向载荷和位移幅值,建立了摩擦力(Ft)-位移幅值(D)曲线、微动运行工况图和摩擦系数曲线,通过三维白光干涉仪、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)对CF/PEEK复合材料进行磨损机制探究。结果表明：随着法向载荷的减少和位移幅值的增加,微动由部分滑移区、混合区向滑移区转变。摩擦系数曲线整体较为平稳,摩擦系数随着法向载荷的增加而降低,随着位移幅值的增加而增加,磨损体积随着载荷和位移幅值的增加而增加。且CF/PEEK复合材料截面也有较好的微动性能,磨损机制主要为磨粒磨损和疲劳磨损。通过对复合材料截面摩擦学特性分析,为CF/PEEK复合材料替代金属植入体提供一定的理论基础。     

Ti6Al4V合金在血清溶液中的扭动微动腐蚀行为研究

在新型恒温扭动微动腐蚀实验装置上,通过改变角位移幅值,在恒温37℃的25%血清溶液中对Ti6Al4V合金的扭动微动腐蚀行为进行了研究。实验结果表明,角位移幅值对扭动微动的运行区域及腐蚀行为有重要的影响,摩擦扭矩-角位移幅值(T-θ)曲线分别呈直线型、椭圆型和平行四边形型,Ti6Al4V合金的扭动微动运行区分别呈现部分滑移区、混合区及滑移区等3个微动运行区。当角位移幅值较小时,扭动磨损发生在接触边缘,损伤轻微;扭动微动对腐蚀几乎不产生影响,腐蚀电流和腐蚀电位随时间的曲线波动不大;随着角位移幅值的增大,接触表面产生强烈的塑性变形,损伤严重。腐蚀电流和腐蚀电位随时间的变化曲线表明,扭动微动对腐蚀的影响较大,呈磨损加速腐蚀的特征。     

PMMA转动微动摩擦学行为的研究

在新型转动微动试验机上,进行了 PMMA与GCr15钢球(40mm直径)在转动角位移幅值为0.25～ 2.5°和法向载荷为100N的转动微动试验.在摩擦动力学行为研究的基础上,结合磨痕的微观分析,研究了其转动微动磨损机理.结果表明:随转动角位移幅值的增加,PMMA的转动微动会依次呈现三个区域,即部分滑移区、混合区和完全滑移区;相比部分滑移区和完全滑移区,混合区的摩擦系数明显较高;部分滑移区摩擦系数保持在较低水平且损伤轻微,微动的相对运动由弹性变形协调.在混合区和滑移区PMMA的转动微动磨损机制为伴随黏性流动的颗粒剥落和磨粒磨损.研究发现在混合区和滑移区的磨斑中央产生因黏性流动造成的损伤累积所致的材料隆起.     

电化学方法研究腐蚀介质对热浸镀Al-Zn-Si-RE合金镀层腐蚀行为的影响

为研究腐蚀介质对热浸镀Al-Zn-Si-RE合金镀层腐蚀行为的影响,利用电位-时间曲线、Tafel曲线和电化学阻抗谱技术研究了合金镀层在不同盐度、温度和pH值的NaCl溶液中的电化学腐蚀行为,利用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)观察不同腐蚀介质下极化测试后合金镀层的腐蚀形貌.结果表明:随着NaCl溶液温度或浓度的提高,热浸镀Al-Zn-Si-RE合金镀层均出现腐蚀电位负移、镀层腐蚀倾向增大、腐蚀速率增加、腐蚀抗力降低的现象;此外,酸性和碱性条件均会加快镀层在NaCl溶液中的腐蚀速率,其中镀层在pH值为11.0的碱性条件下,腐蚀电流最大,阻抗谱容抗弧幅值最小,说明镀层腐蚀速率最快,耐蚀性最差.     

H13钢在不同环境介质中的磨损性能

金属材料在不同介质中的腐蚀磨损特性不同,以往对H13钢在不同介质中的腐蚀行为研究较少.采用销盘式磨损试验机,对H13钢在空气、蒸馏水、3.5％NaCl溶液、5.0％ NaOH溶液中及不同载荷下进行滑动摩擦磨损试验,考察其磨损特性.结果表明:H13钢在空气中的磨损率最大,3.5％NaCl溶液中的磨损率最小;H13钢在空气中摩擦过程中具有较大的剪切力并产生较大的热量,使其磨损率较大,其主要磨损机制为黏着磨损,并伴有少量氧化物产生;在3种湿环境下,由于介质具有良好的润滑和冷却作用,且表面含有少量氧化物,呈现轻微磨损;蒸馏水中磨损机制为典型的疲劳磨损,3.5 ％NaCl溶液、5.0％ NaOH溶液中呈现腐蚀疲劳磨损.     

微动接触状态对锆合金磨损速率影响的数值计算与分析

基于二维柱面-平面模型的有限元接触分析,发现接触状态由部分滑移转变为整体滑移的临界应变载荷幅值与法向力近似成正比。采用Archard模型以及多层节点更新方法,利用有限元二次开发数值模拟锆合金的微动磨损。发现锆合金的磨损速率随应变载荷幅值增加而增加,在部分滑移状态下增长缓慢,在整体滑移状态下快速增长。在整体滑移状态下,磨损速率随法向力增加先增加后减小;在部分滑移状态下,磨损速率随法向力增加缓慢减小。     

环境和法向载荷对(TiVCrAlMo)N高熵合金薄膜摩擦学性能的影响

本工作研究了(TiVCrAlMo)N高熵合金薄膜在干摩擦、16烷、去离子水及三种粘度润滑油(0W-20、10W-30及5W-40)下的摩擦学行为,并探究了不同载荷(1 N、2 N和3 N)对其摩擦学性能的影响。结果表明：1 N和2 N下,高熵合金薄膜在16烷和润滑油中的摩擦系数远低于在干摩擦和去离子水中的摩擦系数,但在3 N下,高熵合金薄膜在去离子水中的摩擦系数出现大幅下降。在油润滑下,高熵合金薄膜在低粘度润滑油(0W-20)中的磨损率随载荷的增加而增大,而在中粘度润滑油(10W-30)中的磨损率随载荷的增加而减小,但在高粘度润滑油(5W-40)中的磨损率与载荷之间无明显的线性关系。高熵合金薄膜在干摩擦中的磨损机制是磨粒磨损和分层磨损,但随载荷的增加还伴有氧化磨损;在16烷中的磨损机制是疲劳磨损和氧化磨损,但在1 N下仅为轻微磨粒磨损;在去离子水中的磨损机制为磨粒磨损和氧化磨损。高熵合金薄膜在低粘度润滑油(0W-20)中1 N下的磨损机制是轻微磨粒磨损,但随载荷的增加转为疲劳磨损;相反的是,在中粘度润滑油(10W-30)中的磨损机制是疲劳磨损,但随载荷的增加转为轻微磨粒磨损;此外,高熵...     

脉冲电沉积纳米SiC/Ni-Co复合镀层腐蚀特性

采用X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)、能谱分析(EDS)研究了脉冲电沉积法制备的纳米晶Ni-Co合金镀层及其纳米 SiC/Ni-Co复合镀层的组织结构、表面形貌和成分。用浸泡法和电化学极化法对比测试了纳米晶Ni-Co合金镀层和纳米 SiC/Ni-Co复合镀层在3.5 wt% NaCl和5 wt% HCl溶液中的腐蚀行为。研究结果表明：通过脉冲电沉积法制备的Ni-Co合金镀层和纳米SiC/Ni-Co复合镀层具有典型的纳米晶结构;随着纳米SiC颗粒的增加,复合镀层的晶粒尺寸减小,硬度增加。所制备的纳米SiC/Ni-Co复合镀层颗粒分散均匀,其在3.5 wt% NaCl和5 wt% HCl溶液中的耐蚀性均优于纳米晶Ni-Co合金镀层。纳米晶Ni-Co合金镀层和纳米SiC/Ni-Co复合镀层在3.5 wt% NaCl溶液中的腐蚀速率极低,表现出极好的耐腐蚀性能,而在5 wt% HCl溶液中的腐蚀形态则表现为点蚀。     

Insertion of triangulated surfaces into a meccano tetrahedral discretization by means of mesh refinement and optimization procedures

In this paper, we present a new method for inserting several triangulated surfaces into an existing tetrahedral mesh generated by the meccano method. The result is a conformal mesh where each inserted surface is approximated by a set of faces of the final tetrahedral mesh. First, the tetrahedral mesh is refined around the inserted surfaces to capture their geometric features. Second, each immersed surface is approximated by a set of faces from the tetrahedral mesh. Third, following a novel approach, the nodes of the approximated surfaces are mapped to the corresponding immersed surface. Fourth, we untangle and smooth the mesh by optimizing a regularized shape distortion measure for tetrahedral elements in which we move all the nodes of the mesh, restricting the movement of the edge and surface nodes along the corresponding entity they belong to. The refining process allows approximating the immersed surface for any initial meccano tetrahedral mesh. Moreover, the proposed projection method avoids computational expensive geometric projections. Finally, the applied simultaneous untangling and smoothing process delivers a high‐quality mesh and ensures that the immersed surfaces are interpolated. Several examples are presented to assess the properties of the proposed method.     

Certification Institutions Expected to Update and Transfer Information on Present Standards

Standards are the basis for production enterprises to organize production, ex-factory inspection, trade (delivery) and technical exchanges, product certification, quality arbitration and supervision.……     

Flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases

A flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases is presented. A better knowledge of the properties of the liquefied natural gas is needed, and therefore a liquid loop has been designed for our flow calorimeter. The fluid loop in the calorimeter is designed in order to avoid the two-phase region, since two phases would give compositional disturbances in the measurements. The avoidance of the two-phase region is made possible by increasing the pressure of the test fluid after the measurement section, then heating the fluid at super-critical pressure past the critical point. Finally, the fluid is throttled to the low-pressure gas state at the inlet condition of the compressor that circulates the fluid. To perform the pressure increase, a new cryogenic pump has been designed. To evaluate the new equipment, measurements were taken on liquid ethane over the temperature range 146–256 K at pressure between 0.9 and 5.1 MPa.     

Refrigerators Enter a New Era of Health Preservation Frestech initiates the establishment of China's first standard for household sterilization refrigerators

On November 30, 2007, the China Association for Standardization (CAS) held a press conference at Beijing Diaoyutai State Guest House. Leaders from the China Household Electric Appliance Research Institute, the China Household Electric Appliance Association, and the China Consumers' Association attended and made speeches.……     

Optimum-Simulation von Ernteprozessen

Zusammenfassung Bei der Gestaltung von Ernteprozessen — beispielsweise des Prozesses Mähdrusch, Körnertransport und -abnahme — als transportverbundene Fließarbeitsverfahren mit mindestens zwei verschiedenen Arbeitsmitteln gibt es einen großen Optimierungsspielraum. Solche Prozesse sind mehrstufige Bedienungsprozesse mit gemischter Anordnung der Bedienungseinrichtungen. Außerdem besitzen sie stark ausgeprägte räumliche Aspekte. Es wird vor allem gezeigt, welche Merkmale solcher Prozesse in Simulationsmodellen abgebildet sein müssen, welche Zielgrößen in Abhängigkeit von welchen Einflußgrößen unter Berücksichtigung welcher Prozeßbedingungen ermittelt werden sollten und wie der Bewertungsprozeß zur Ermittlung der gewünschten Informationen gestaltet werden muß.     

A study of centrifugal cast high boron high speed steel

In the present study a high‐boron high speed steel (HSS) roll material was designed. Many expensive alloy elements have been substituted by cheap boron alloy, and high‐boron high speed steel roll has been manufactured by centrifugal casting method. The microstructures, mechanical properties and wear resistance of centrifugal casting high‐boron high speed steel roll have been investigated by optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X‐ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, hardness test, impact test and wear test. The results indicated that the solidification microstructures of high‐boron high speed steel roll consisted of M₂(B,C), (W,Mo)₂(B,C), M₃(B,C), M₂₃(B,C)₆ type borocarbides and martensite, a small amount of retained austenite. Borocarbides were continuously distributed over the grain boundary. After quenching from 1050 °C, local broken network appeared in partial borocarbides, and fine secondary borocarbide precipitated from the matrix. After tempering from 525 °C, the amount of precipitated borocarbide increased significantly. After heat treatment, the hardness of high‐boron high speed steel roll excelled 60 HRC, and its impact toughness excelled 8.0 J/cm². The single groove steel rolling amount of high‐boron high speed steel rolls increases by 500% than that of bainite cast iron roll, when the rolls are used in K₁ mill housing of bar mill.     

Thixotropy of Systems with Shear Thinning and Plastic Flow Behavior

The definition of the thixotropy is a decrease in viscosity with time in shear and a subsequent recovery of viscosity after the shear deformation is removed.We ...     

Effect of Oxide Assisted Metal Nanoparticles on Microstructure and Morphology of Gallium oxide Nanowires

Several researches have been reported about the characteristic of β-Ga2O3 nanowires which was synthesized on nickel oxide particle. But indeed, recent researches about synthesis of β-Ga2O3 nanowires on oxide-assisted transition metal are limited to nickel or cobalt oxide catalyst. In this work, Gallium oxide (β-Ga2O3 ) nanowires were synthesized by a simple thermal evaporation method from gallium powder in the range of 700 - 1000℃ using the iron, nickel, copper, cobalt and zinc oxide as a catalyst, respectively. The β-Ga2O3 nanowires with single crystalline without defects were successfully synthesized at the reaction temperature of 850, 900 and 950℃ in all the catalysts. But optimum experimental condition in synthesis of nanowires varied with the kind of catalyst. As increasing synthesis temperature,the morphology of gallium oxide nanowires changed from nanowires to nanorods, and its diameter increased. From these results, we could be proposed that the growth mechanism of β-Ga2O3 nanowires was changed with synthesis temperature of nanowires. Microstructure and morphology of Synthesized nanowire was characterized by HR-TEM, FE-SEM, EDX and XRD.     

Brainstorming for ISO Strategy 2016-2020

正Responding to ISO’s appeal for survey for the to-be-developed ISO Strategy Plan for 2016-2020,SAC hosted a special workshop over the needs and comments of various fi elds on June 8 in Beijing.The workshop was attended by ISO President-elect and Ansteel General Manager Zhang Xiaogang,SAC Vice-Administrator Yu Xinli,and 30 experts from