线阵多传感器光轴平行度检校系统研究

多传感器光轴平行度检校是保证线阵主被动成像载荷高精度获取地物多源数据的重要环节.设计了一种适用于该类型载荷的光轴平行度检校系统.该系统基于大口径平行光管结合辅助激光光源的方法,利用图像采集系统获得光斑中心以实现多元线阵激光收发光轴对准;同时,使用可见光线光源引出激光光轴,最终完成线阵可见光光轴与激光光轴之间的平行度检校.该系统能够实现多线阵传感器的主动探测收发光轴及主被动光轴的平行度检校,具有良好的通用性和可扩展性.     

水平式激光发射系统光轴平行度误差分析

对于激光发射系统,激光轴与电视光轴的平行度是保证其指向精度的关键。相对于传统的光电经纬仪,该系统光轴平行度误差是一动态误差,变化规律较为复杂。为修正激光发射系统激光轴与电视光轴的平行度误差,建立了光轴平行度误差模型,由此掌握该系统光轴平行度误差的变化规律。在总结了影响光轴平行度的主要系统误差源的基础上,分析各项误差对光轴平行度的影响,利用矢量旋转与坐标变换,建立了激光轴经折返镜后在空间坐标系内的指向模型,由此得到两光轴平行度误差模型,通过电视跟踪系统测量两光轴平行度误差值,并采用最小二乘法拟合得到误差模型中各待定系数。实验结果表明:拟合后的光轴平行度达到2.6″,模型能够基本描述两光轴平行度误差的变化规律。     

激光与可见光系统光轴平行性检测

介绍了一种利用CCD器件测量激光测距系统与可见光系统光轴平行性的检测方法.通过精密调整CCD靶面中心与十字分划板中心的共轭关系,使两者同在光轴上,形成同一测量基准.测量时,被检仪器可见光系统视场中心时准十字分划板中心,激光测距机发出的激光束汇聚到CCD靶面上,通过测量激光光斑偏离靶面中心的量计算出光轴的平行性误差.简要介绍了激光光斑重心的算法,通过对光斑图像的预处理,提高重心的计算精度.最终通过实验验证了该方案的准确性,测量精度达到5".     

基于CCD的激光测距机光轴平行性检测

提出了一种利用CCD器件检测激光测距机光轴平行性的方法,利用CCD和图像采集卡组成的图像采集系统对激光测距机瞄准系统十字分划像和发射的激光光斑进行采集,通过图像处理技术对采集到的图像进行处理,并确定激光光斑中心和十字分划中心坐标,即可获得激光测距机的光轴平行性误差.该方法能够实时、定量地检测光轴偏差,检测精度高,操作简单,有效地解决了传统方法只能定性地估算误差,人眼主观判断误差较大等问题.     

便携式多光轴平行性检校系统的研制

为满足野外检测多波段光电设备光轴平行性的检校需求,研制了一套便携式多光轴平行性检校系统。系统采用反射式卡塞格林光学系统和ZnS晶体靶板,为被校系统提供无穷远的十字分划目标并以此作为瞄准基准,完成对被校系统电视轴和红外轴之间的平行性检校;采用CCD系统完成分划板十字线和靶纸上激光光斑的采集,并利用数据处理系统检测出分划板十字中心与激光光斑中心位置的偏差量,完成对被校系统激光光轴与可见光轴之间的平行性检校。利用高精度光学角规对所研制的检校系统进行了标定,精度可达亚秒级。实验结果表明,该检校系统测量电视轴与红外轴之间平行性标准不确定度为2″,检校激光瞄准轴与发射轴平行性标准不确定度为5″。     

多光轴平行度检测设备的检测误差分析

介绍了一种室内工作的光轴平行度检测设备,重点探讨了设备的激光光斑质心位置计算误差．对其主要构成、系统光强信噪比、靶板与CCD像面夹角测量误差、光学系统成像误差、像元能量质心误差、激光光斑灰度量化误差等进行了分析研究,通过实例．求得了激光光斑质心计算误差值．在分析了该检测设备主要误差的基础上给出了系统误差的计算公式和计算结果     

脉冲激光测距机光轴平行性的自动检测研究

通过采用一种红外探测转换器件配合CCD采集系统,可有效捕捉到脉冲激光测距机的激光光斑,经程序自动判别激光光斑的中心点坐标,可实现脉冲激光测距机白光瞄准轴和激光发射轴的光轴平行性检测。     

双目光电装备光轴平行性数字化检校系统设计

设计了一种多光谱双目光电装备光轴平行性数字化检校系统。利用平行光管产生无限远白光、微光、红外目标,平行光经双目光电装备、光轴平移装置,将两路光线入射到面阵CCD上,目标图像经CCD、图像采集卡转换成数字图像信息送入计算机,利用软件算法得到光轴误差量,参考所建立的光电装备数学模型,给出光轴校正方案,利用辅助工具完成光轴平行性校正。该系统适用于多种双目光电装备,能够实现自动化检测,并给出数字化的光轴误差量,具有良好的通用性和可扩展性。     

利用恒星对天文观测系统光轴平行性检校

基于地基天文观测系统光轴平行性的校验需求,建立了一套高精度多光轴平行性检测系统。针对具有成像光谱仪的天文观测系统,将恒星作为点光源,利用天文跟踪系统完成对恒星星象及相应光谱数据的同步采集。在光谱维视场中,成像光谱仪不易准确地确定恒星的位置,该检测方案利用赤道仪控制系统和成像光谱仪狭缝视场的特点,对恒星目标进行一维扫描,将成像光谱仪接收到的恒星能量随着扫描位置进行拟合来确定光谱维视场中心,通过高斯拟合法来计算光学仪器之间光轴的平行性偏差。试验结果表明:测量结果不确定度为1.52,该检测系统结构简单,满足成像光谱仪和其它成像仪器野外高精度快速检测光轴一致性的要求。     

一种激光测距机光轴平行性智能检校方法

针对发射光轴的双光楔校正结构,提出了一种激光测距机光轴平行性智能检测校正方法。建立了光轴平行性偏差量与双光楔结构旋转角度之间的数学模型,利用CCD图像传感器和数字图像处理技术得到激光发射光轴与瞄准光轴之间的平行性偏差,依据所建立的数学模型解算出双光楔需要调整的角度值,结合机械校正装置转动相应的角度,实现了激光测距机光轴的校正。该方法同样适合于其他具有双光楔调整结构的光学仪器。     

Resolution Enhancement Technology:Integrated Process Solutions using OPC

DUV lithography, using the 248 nm wavelength, is a viable manufacturing option for devices with features at 130 nm and less. Given the low kl value of the lithography, integrated process development is a necessary method for achieving acceptable process latitude. The application of assist features for rule based OPC requires the simultaneous optimization of the mask, illumination optics and the resist.Described in this paper are the details involved in optimizing each of these aspects for line and space imaging.A reference pitch is first chosen to determine how the optics will be set. The ideal sigma setting is determined by a simple geometrically derived expression. The inner and outer machine settings are determined, in turn,with the simulation of a figure of merit. The maximum value of the response surface of this FOM occurs at the optimal sigma settings. Experimental confirmation of this is shown in the paper.Assist features are used to modify the aerial image of the more isolated images on the mask. The effect that the diffraction of the scattering bars (SBs) has on the image intensity distribution is explained. Rules for determining the size and placement of SBs are also given.Resist is optimized for use with off-axis illumination and assist features. A general explanation of the material' s effect is discussed along with the affect on the through-pitch bias. The paper culminates with the showing of the lithographic results from the fully optimized system.     

Cost-effective test solutions for smart card and other integrated flash applications

From its emergence in the late 1980s as a lower cost alternative to early EEPROM technologies, flash memory has evolved to higher densities and speedsand rapidly growing acceptance in mobile applications.In the process, flash memory devices have placed increased test requirements on manufacturers. Today, as flash device test grows in importance in China, manufacturers face growing pressure for reduced cost-oftest, increased throughput and greater return on investment for test equipment. At the same time, the move to integrated flash packages for contactless smart card applications adds a significant further challenge to manufacturers seeking rapid, low-cost test.     

Theoretical analysis of the relationship between the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain in the optical-fiber sensors

The relation between the power of the Brillouin signal and the strain is one of the bases of the distributed fiber sensors of temperature and strain. The coefficient of the Bfillouin gain can be changed by the temperature and the strain that will affect the power of the Brillouin scattering. The relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is thought to be linear by many researchers. However, it is not always linear based on the theoretical analysis and numerical simulation. Therefore, errors will be caused if the relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is regarded as to be linear approximately for measuring the temperature and the strain. For this reason, the influence of the parameters on the Brillouin gain coefficient is proposed through theoretical analysis and numerical simulation.     

An improved parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations

The parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations is improved in this paper. By analyzing the notions of connected components and passes, a conclusion is drawn that the number of passes and the number of eight-connected components are equal. Then the expression of the number of eight-connected components is obtained which replaces the old one in the algorithm. And a reserving condition is proposed by experiments, which alleviates the excess deletion where a diagonal line and a beeline intersect. The experimental results demonstrate that the thinned curve is almost located in the middle of the original curve connectivelv with single pixel width and the processing speed is high.     

Novel fiber-optical interferometer with miniaturized probe for in-hole measurements

Today, micro-system technology and the development of new MEMS （Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems） are emerging rapidly. In order for this development to become a success in the long run, measurement systems have to ensure product quality. Most often, MEMS have to be tested by means of functionality or destructive tests. One reason for this is that there are no suitable systems or sensing probes available which can be used for the measurement of quasi inaccessible features like small holes or cavities. We present a measurement system that could be used for these kinds of measurements. The system combines a fiber optical, miniaturized sensing probe with low-coherence interferometry, so that absolute distance measurements with nanometer accuracy are possible.     

Study of waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers

This paper presents a new method to increase the waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers. We find that the propagation constant of the InGaAsP emitting layer can be equal to that of the Si resonant layer through improving the design size of the InP waveguide. The coupling power achieves 42% of the total power in the hybrid lasers when the thickness of the bonding layer is 100 nm. Our result is very close to 50% of the total power reported by Intel when the thickness of the thin bonding layer is less than 5 nm. Therefore, our invariable coupling power technique is simpler than Intel＇s.     

Teleportation of an arbitrary unknown N-qubit entangled state under the controlling of M controllers

A new quantum protocol to teleport an arbitrary unknown N-qubit entangled state from a sender to a fixed receiver under M controllers(M < N) is proposed. The quantum resources required are M non-maximally entangled Greenberger-Home-Zeilinger (GHZ) state and N-M non-maximally entangled Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen (EPR) pairs. The sender performs N generalized Bell-state measurements on the 2N particles. Controllers take M single-particle measurement along x-axis, and the receiver needs to introduce one auxiliary two-level particle to extract quantum information probabilistically with the fidelity unit if controllers cooperate with it.     

Diode-end-pumped Nd:YVO4/LBO lasers with 4.2W continuous-wave output at 457 nm

A continuous-wave (CW) 457 nm blue laser operating at the power of 4.2 W is demonstrated by using a fiber coupled laser diode module pumped Nd: YVO4 and using LBO as the intra-cavity SHG crystal With the optimization of laser cavity and crystal parameters, the laser operates at a very high efficiency. When the pumping power is about 31 W, the output at 457nm reaches 4.2 W, and the optical to optical conversion efficiency is about 13.5% accordingly. The stability of the out putpower is better than 1.2% for 8 h continuously working.     

A rigorous proof of MIMO channel capacity’s increase with antenna number

It is well known that adding more antennas at the transmitter or at the receiver may offer larger channel capacity in the multiple-input multiple-output（MIMO） communication systems. In this letter, a simple proof is presented for the fact that the channel capacity increases with an increase in the number of receiving antennas. The proof is based on the famous capacity formula of Foschini and Gans with matrix theory.     

Call for Papers

正Wireless Body-area Networks The last decade has witnessed the convergence of three giant worlds:electronics,computer science and telecommunications.The next decade should follow this convergence in most of our activities with the generalization of sensor networks.In particular with the progress in medicine,people live longer and the aging of population will push the development of wireless personal networks