辽宁省城市污水处理厂污泥处理处置现状与对策

通过实地调查初步摸清了目前辽宁省城市污水处理厂污泥处理处置现状,首次较为全面地掌握了辽宁省已建污水处理厂的污泥产量和处理处置状况,并根据辽宁省实际情况,提出了解决辽宁省污泥处理处置问题的对策和建议.     

城市污水处理厂污泥热化学处理技术初探

随着城市污水的普及,城市污水厂污泥将大量增加,这些污泥如不经处理直接排放会产生严重的污染。目前污泥处理方法种类繁多,但大都存在一些弊端,如处理不彻底,易产生新的二次污染等。污泥热化学处理方法具有灭菌效果好,处理迅速,占地相对较少,处置后污泥稳定,并可利用其所占有机物实施能源回收等优点,可达到使污泥处置减量化、无害化、资源化的目的,因此被认为是有前途的污泥处理方法,受到广泛关注。     

浅谈城市污水污泥处置

随着国内污水处理事业的发展,污水厂总处理水量和处理程度将不断扩大和提高,产生的污泥量日益增加,污水污泥的处理处置问题日益突出。一、处置现状分析城市污水污泥的处置途径包括土地利用、卫生填埋、焚烧处理和水体消纳等方法。国内在对污泥所含病原菌、重金属和有毒有机物等     

论城市污水处理厂建设规模与处理标准的确定

城市污水处理厂建设规模与处理标准是污水处理厂工艺选择、基建费用和运行管理费用的决定因素。实践中，往往因为建设规模偏离实际或处理标准的选择没有把握好而造成经济上的浪费。本文作者根据自己多年来在深圳从事给排水工程建设和管理的经验，分析了引起城市污水处理厂建设规模与处理标准问题的各种原因，并提出了对策和建议。     

城市污水处理厂污泥脱水运行管理实践

介绍了保定市污水处理总厂A2 /O工艺的污泥脱水运行和管理状况 ,分析了影响污泥脱水的因素 ,摸索出适合本厂污泥脱水单元的优化条件 ,使污泥及时脱水并确保泥饼含水率满足要求( 75%～ 80 % ) ,减少了阳离子聚丙烯酰胺的用量 ,降低了污泥脱水的药剂费 ,并总结了污泥脱水的运行管理经验。     

如何处置污水处理厂的污泥

污泥通常是指主要由各种微生物以及有机、无机颗粒组成的絮状物，是城市污水、废水处理不可避免的副产品。污泥量通常占污水量的0．3％-0．5％（体积）或约为污水处理量的1％-2％（质量），如果属深度处理，会增加0．5倍-1倍。污水处理效率的提高必然导致污泥数量的增加。     

城市污水处理厂设计中热点问题剖析

剖析了我国污水处理厂建设规模与实际情况脱节的原因，并就污水处理厂设计中进水水质预测、处理出水水质标准、污水消毒、处理工艺比选、污泥稳定及污泥综合利用等方面的问题提出了作者自己的观点。     

我国城市污水处理厂污泥产沼气的前景分析

污泥厌氧消化具有稳定污泥和回收能量以及处理后污泥可作农肥的突出优点.我国城市污水处理厂污泥多,污泥厌氧消化的推广空间巨大.污泥厌氧消化推广的主要问题是规模较小、投资高、技术复杂、维修量大等,而沼气利用不理想大大削弱了该工艺的优势.必须降低投资、简化运行和提高沼气利用的效益,加速研究配套政策,才能改变投入高、产出低的现状,才能使污泥厌氧消化成为污泥处理的首选工艺.     

城市污水处理厂改造后污泥调质用絮凝剂的选择性研究

近年来为适应我国新实施的<城镇污水处理厂污染物排放标准>(GB 18918-2002),许多城市污水处理厂进行了工艺改造.由于污水处理厂改造后产生污泥的成分和性质都发生了变化,需要重新选择调质用絮凝剂.阐述了城市污水处理厂改造后污泥调质用絮凝剂的选择方法与步骤,并综合分析了上海市天山水质净化厂工艺深度改造后污泥调质用絮凝剂选择的案例.     

城市污水处理厂污泥热值及影响因素分析

以重庆市主城区城市污水处理厂污泥为研究对象,测定了污泥的热值并分析了影响污泥热值的主要因素,探讨了水分对热值利用的影响。结果表明:元素分析法和量热仪法测定的污泥热值较吻合;污水水质、排水体制、污水及污泥处理工艺通过影响污泥挥发分的含量而影响污泥热值,建议消化污泥和合流制区域污水处理厂污泥不宜采用焚烧处理。污水处理厂污泥具有自持燃烧特性时的最高含水率为68%;通过元素分析发现,不同污水处理厂污泥挥发分元素的计量组成基本一致,可用计量化学式CH1.72O0.55N0.12S0.03粗略地表示重庆市主城区污水处理厂污泥挥发分的组成。     

Membrane-coupled anaerobic digestion of municipal sewage sludge.

Membrane-coupled anaerobic digestion utilizes a concept of simultaneous sludge digestion and thickening. Membranes may successfully be applied to eliminate the need for thickening polymers and avoid their likely inhibitory effect on anaerobic biomass. A 550 L completely mixed anaerobic digester was operated under mesophilic conditions (35 degrees C). Two ultrafiltration membrane systems were evaluated for their potential in membrane-coupled anaerobic digestion: vibrating and cross flow. A volatile solids reduction of 590% was achieved at an average mixed liquor suspended solids concentration of 1.8%. The substrate utilization rate was 1.3 d(-1). The vibrating membrane operated at a flux of 1.6-2.0 m3/m2-d and the tubular membrane fluxes in the range 3.4-3.6 m3/m2-d.     

污泥掺烧比例对生活垃圾协同处置的经济影响分析

市政污泥与生活垃圾协同焚烧不仅能够实现污泥减量化、资源化,而且能达成设备共享,是一种具有综合效益的污泥处置方式.针对三类常见的协同处置模式进行对比分析,研究了污泥掺烧比例对焚烧厂污泥综合处置成本的影响.     

生物流化床法处理城市污水处理厂污泥回流液的可行性研究

以城市污水处理厂污泥回流液为研究对象,研究生物流化床法降低污泥回流液中氮磷浓度的效果,并分析了COD/TN与COD/TP值对生物流化床脱氮除磷的影响.结果表明,COD_(Cr)浓度对脱氮影响不大,而对除磷有较大影响.在COD_(Cr)为500 mg/L,进水TN为115 mg/L时,TN的去除率最大为72.05%,此时,COD/TN值为4.35.在COD_(Cr)为480 mg/L,进水TP为11.25 mg/L时,TP的去除率最高为36.98%,此时COD/TP为42.67.生物流化床法对降低高浓度氮磷污泥回流液具有一定的去除效果,TN去除率可达56.35%,TP去除率为28.96%.     

污泥碱解发酵液用于生活污水脱氮 除磷的效果研究

为了减轻水体富营养化程度,提高污水的脱氮除磷效果,并解决污泥减量化和资源化问题,本研究将碱预处理的污泥进行厌氧发酵产酸,并将发酵液作为污水脱氮除磷的外加碳源。研究结果表明：投加污泥发酵液后,出水氨氮浓度为0.3~0.5 mg/L,总磷浓度为0.5 mg/L,与未投加污泥发酵液相比分别降低了1.7~2.3 mg/L和3~4 mg/L。     

Optimal sludge retention time for a bench scale MBR treating municipal sewage.

Membrane bioreactors allow for higher sludge concentrations and improved degradation efficiencies with respect to conventional activated sludge. However, in the current practice these systems are often operated under sub-optimal conditions, since so far no precise indications have yet been issued on the optimal operating conditions of MBR for municipal wastewater treatment. This paper reports some results of four years of operation of a bench scale membrane bioreactor where steady state conditions were investigated under different sludge retention times. The whole experimental campaign was oriented towards the investigation of optimal process conditions in terms of COD removal and nitrification, biomass activity and growth, and sludge characteristics. The membrane bioreactor treated real municipal sewage, and four different sludge ages were tested (20, 40, 60, and 80 days) and compared with previous data on complete sludge retention. The results showed that the the biology of the system, as assessed by the oxygen uptake rate, is less affected than the sludge physical parameters. In particular, although the growth yield was observed to dramatically drop for SRT higher than 80 days, the biological activity was maintained under all the tested conditions. These considerations suggest that high SRT are convenient in terms of limited excess sludge production without losses of the treatment capacity. Physical characteristics such as the viscosity and the filterability appear to be negatively affected by prolonged sludge retention times, but their values remain within the ranges normally reported for conventional activated sludge.     

污水污泥高温与中温厌氧消化对比研究

研究了不同HRT条件下污泥高温(50℃)厌氧消化效果,并与中温(35℃)厌氧消化效果进行对比分析。结果表明,与中温条件相比,高温厌氧消化对有机物的去除率显著提高;高温厌氧消化沼气产量高于中温,但沼气产率差异并不明显(1.13~1.25L/gVS去除);高温和中温厌氧消化系统运行稳定性良好,挥发酸/碱度比值仅为0.02~0.03;高温和中温厌氧消化出泥的毛细吸水时间(CST)均增加,并且高温消化污泥的CST高于中温消化污泥,厌氧消化过程可能导致污泥脱水性能变差。     

聚丙烯与沸石填料曝气生物滤池处理生活污水的研究

进行上向流单级曝气生物滤池处理生活污水的试验,对聚丙烯与沸石填料的处理效果和附着微生物特性进行比较.在BOD5容积负荷为3kg BOD5/(m3·d),NH3-N表面负荷为O.5 gNH3-N/(m2·d),气水比为10:1的室温运行状况下,聚丙烯与沸石填料滤池对CODCr的去除效率均达到85%以上,二者差异不大.聚丙烯填料滤池对NH3-N和TN去除率分别为87%和36 9/6;由于沸石的离子交换作用和内部的缺氧环境,滤池的硝化作用和TN的去除率分别提高了11%和19%.两种填料生物量和生物活性变化趋势相似,随着水流方向生物量逐渐降低,生物活性呈现明显的倒V形,微生物活性在有机物由富集转向缺乏时达到最高.试验结果表明,沸石填料的特殊结构更有利于提高工艺的脱氮效果,与聚丙烯填料相比更适合用于曝气生物滤池处理生活污水.     

Performance of membrane-coupled organic acid fermentor for the resources recovery form municipal sewage sludge.

This study focused on the treatment performance of membrane-coupled organic acid fermentor (MOF) with intermittent reciprocal air/ozone backwashing for the keeping of high permeation flux as well as for the effective recovery of dissolved organics from municipal sewage sludge. Intermittent reciprocal air/ozone backwashing was effective for membrane fouling reduction. When MOF was operated under the conditions of pH 5.5, hydraulic retention time (HRT) of 2 days and 20 days of solids retention time (SRT), most favourable fermentation efficiency was attained. Great inhibition for acid producing by intermittent reciprocal air/ozone backwashing was not observed during long-term operation. MOF with intermittent reciprocal air/ozone backwashing is believed to be an effective system for the recovery of organic matter from municipal sewage sludge and membrane fouling reduction.     

国内外农村生活排水相关标准编制概况

目前．我国各级政府非常重视农村饮水安全工作。据建设部统计,全国村镇自来水受益人口比例从1986年的14．7％提高到2005年的52．2％,其中拥有自来水的村庄比例达到45．1％．而且农村用水安全保障程度不断提高。在大力开展农村饮水安全工程建设的同时,必须注意到农村生活排水给农村生活生产居住带来的新问题。建设部2005年10月根据9省43县74个村庄的入村入户调查后完成的《村庄人居环境现状与问题》报告显示．96％的村庄没有排水渠道和污水处理系统．生产生活污水随意排放。     

Behaviour of endocrine disrupting chemicals during the treatment of municipal sewage sludge.

Agricultural application of municipal sewage sludge has been emotionally discussed in the last decades, because the latter contains endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) and other organic micropollutants with unknown fate and risk potential. Bisphenol A (BPA) was chosen as a model substance to investigate the influence of sludge conditioning on the end-concentration of EDCs in sludge. Adsorption studies with radioactive-labelled BPA showed that more than 75% BPA in anaerobically digested sludge is bound to solids (log Kd = 2.09-2.30; log Koc = 2.72-3.11). Sludge conditioning with polymer or iron (III) chloride alone had no influence on the adsorption of BPA. After conditioning with iron (III) chloride and calcium hydroxide desorption of BPA took place. Apparently, it occurred due to the deprotonation of BPA (pKa= 10.3) as the pH-value reached 12.4 during the process. The same behaviour is expected for other phenolic EDCs with similar pKa (nonylphenol, 17beta-estradiol, estron, estriol, 17alpha-ethinylestradiol). This study shows high affinity of BPA to the anaerobically digested sludge and importance of conditioning in the elimination of EDCs during the sludge treatment. Addition of polymer is favourable in the case of sludge incineration. Conditioning with iron (III) chloride and calcium hydroxide shows advantages for the use of sludge as fertiliser.