固体超强酸催化合成1-溴代十二烷

以十二醇为主要原料 ,研究与含溴物质反应 ,在固体超强酸催化剂作用下制备 1 溴代十二烷。制备出适于溴代反应的固体超强酸催化剂TiO2 SO4 2 - ;探讨出适于合成 1 溴代十二烷的工艺控制指标 :反应温度 1 0 0～ 1 1 0℃ ,反应时间 8h ,n(C12 H2 5OH)∶n(HBr) =1 .0∶2 .2 ,催化剂 (cat)用量为m(C12 H2 5OH)∶m(cat) =1 .0 0 0∶0 .1 2 5,收率为 80 .0 5%。     

转糖苷法合成烷基糖苷的合成工艺研究

本文采用无水葡萄糖、乙二醇和十二烷醇为原料,经两步转糖苷法制备烷基糖苷。采用正交法设计实验,以烷基糖苷产率为考察指标,考察了反应温度、反应时间、醇糖比以及催化剂用量对合成烷基糖苷产率的影响,计算出十二烷基糖苷产品的产率与各因素间的关系,得到最佳实验条件：葡萄糖与乙二醇用量比为1：7,葡萄糖与十二醇用量比为1：8,催化剂用量为葡萄糖量的2.6%,反应温度为120℃,反应时间为4.5 h。     

苯基丁基醚的相转移催化合成研究

在相转移催化剂存在下，以苯酚、溴丁烷为原料合成苯基丁基醚。分别研究了反应温度、反应时间、原料配比、催化剂用量等条件对合成反应的影响，确定了最佳工艺条件，该方法合成苯基丁基醚的最佳工艺条件是：反应温度85℃、反应时间4h、n（苯酚）：n（溴丁烷）=1：1．10；n（苯酚）：n（氢氧化钾）=1：1．15；相转移催化剂用量为0．5g（基于0．1mol苯酚），苯基丁基醚的收率可达到95.20％以上，产品纯度w（苯基丁基醚）为98．5％。     

正十二烷基葡萄糖多苷的合成工艺研究

本文以正十二醇、葡萄糖为原料在酸催化剂催化下直接合成了一种新型非离子表面活性剂正十二烷基葡萄糖苷(n-C12APG)。探讨了各反应影响因素对反应结果的影响,得出了适宜的合成工艺,其中苷化反应条件为：反应温度120℃,反应压力4kPa,醇糖及催化剂摩尔比4：1：0．015,反应时间4h。精制工艺条件为,采用H2O2脱色,反应温度90℃,时间1h,30％H2O2用量约为APG产品质量的2％（wt)。本文还采用原子轰击质谱（FAB）、气相色谱（GC）、核磁共振谱（NMR）等方法对产品结构及性能进行了表征和研究。     

固体超强酸SO_4~(2-)/ZrO_2催化合成1-溴十二烷

以十二醇和氢溴酸为原料、固体超强酸SO42-/ZrO2为催化剂合成了1 溴十二烷。采用正交实验研究了固体超强酸催化剂的制备条件及反应条件对合成1 溴十二烷的影响。结果表明,固体超强酸SO42-/ZrO2的最佳制备条件:硫酸浓度0.5mol/L,浸渍时间0.5h,焙烧温度650℃,焙烧时间2h;合成1 溴十二烷的工艺条件为:反应温度110℃,反应时间4h,物料配比n(C12H25OH)∶n(HBr)=1.0∶2.0,m(C12H25OH)∶m(cat)=1.000∶0.150,产品收率72.0%。     

烷基糖苷的直接苷化法研究

采用直接苷化法合成了十二烷基葡糖苷。通过正交试验,考察了原料配比、催化剂用量和反应温度等因素对产率的影响。得到了最佳反应条件：十二醇与葡萄糖的摩尔比为3．0：1,催化剂与葡萄糖的质量比为0．01：1,反应温度为120℃。结果表明：影响产率的主要因素为催化剂和葡萄糖的配料比。     

纳米H3PW12O40／SiO2复合杂多酸催化合成乙酸正己酯

以纳米二氧化硅为载体,采用溶胶-凝胶法负载磷钨酸,以冰乙酸、正己醇为原料,纳米H3PW12O40／SiO2复合杂多酸为催化剂,考察原料配比、催化剂用量、反应时间、反应温度等因素对酯化反应的影响,同时也考察了催化剂循环使用的情况。实验表明,纳米H3PW12O40／SiO2复合杂多酸催化剂是合成乙酸正己酯的良好催化剂,其最优合成条件为：纳米H3PW12O40／SiO2复合杂多酸催化剂用量约为反应酸醇配料总质量的2．5％,酸醇配比为1：1．4,反应时间1h,反应温度130℃,产率达89．72％。     

烷基二苯醚的合成

分别以烷基化剂溴代十二烷、溴代十四烷、溴代十六烷与二苯醚反应，制得系列烷基二苯醚产品。通过正相高效液相色谱法监测烷基系二苯醚曲合成，优化其合成工艺。色谱条件为：色谱柱，C18 kromasil（5μm，250×4．6mm）；流动相，体积比V正己烷：V异丙醇=18：1；流速，1mL/min。最佳合成工艺为：各反应物的摩尔比n二苯醚：n催化剂：n澳代烷=1：2：5；反应温度为75℃。反应时间为6h。双十二烷基二苯醚、双十四烷基二苯醚、双十六烷基二苯醚的产率分别为79．62％、72．38％、66．83％。     

二苯乙醇酮的制备及表征

在超声波条件下,以苯甲醛为原料,溴化十二烷基二甲基苄基铵和VB1分别为相转移催化剂和催化剂合成了二苯乙醇酮。采用正交法得到了最佳反应条件:以0.1 mol苯甲醛和0.09 g VB1为基准,溴化十二烷基二甲基苄基铵用量为0.02 g,反应时间30 min,反应温度55℃,滴加2.5 mol/L NaOH溶液使体系pH保持在8.8～9.3,反应产率达90.1%。该法具有操作简单、产率高和重现性好等优点。     

碳酸铯催化合成1，3-二（对腈基苯氧基）丙烷

采用碳酸铯作为相转移催化剂,研究了1,3-二（对腈基苯氧基）丙烷的合成工艺条件。通过实验考察了对腈基苯酚与1,3-二溴丙烷的物质量比、时间、温度、催化剂用量等因素对产率的影响。得到了适宜的工艺条件：对腈基苯酚与1,3-二溴丙烷物质的量之比为2．3：1．0,醚化反应温度为20℃,反应时间为8h,碳酸铯用量为1.5g,其产率达到72％。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。