复倒谱域语音信号去混响研究

语音信号去混响技术能明显提高语音通信系统和识别系统的性能。简要介绍了语音复倒谱法去混响原理,对复倒谱域去混响滤波特性进行了仿真研究。根据多种去混响评价指标,确定复倒谱域“低通滤波器”的最高截止点、过渡带宽和过渡带的曲线特性等参数,发现在通常混响时间范围内,“低通滤波器”最高截止点与混响时间无关,复倒谱域滤波前加高斯窗可以改善去混响效果。     

Image deblurring using empirical Wiener filter in the curvelet domain and joint non-local means filter in the spatial domain

In this paper, an efficient image deblurring algorithm is proposed. This algorithm restores the blurred image by incorporating a curvelet-based empirical Wiener filter with a spatial-based joint non-local means filter. Curvelets provide a multidirectional and multiscale decomposition that has been mathematically shown to represent distributed discontinuities such as edges better than traditional wavelets. Our method restores the image in the frequency domain to obtain a noisy result with minimal loss of image components, followed by an empirical Wiener filter in the curvelet domain to attenuate the leaked noise. Although the curvelet-based methods are efficient in edge-preserving image denoising, they are prone to producing edge ringing which relates to the structure of the underlying curvelet. In order to reduce the ringing, we develop an efficient joint non-local means filter by using the curvelet deblurring result. This filter could suppress the leaked noise while preserving image details. We compare our deblurring algorithm with a few competitive deblurring techniques in terms of improvement in signal-to-noise-ratio (ISNR) and visual quality.     

Minimal and complete factorization for a class of paraunitary filter banks

M channel maximally decimated filter banks have been used in the past to decompose signals into subbands. The theory of perfect-reconstruction filter banks has also been studied extensively. A class of filter banks that has received particular attention are the so-calledparaunitary filter banks. These filter banks are attractive because there exist robust structures for implementing these systems, based on factorizations of their polyphase matrices. In this paper, we will impose two other conditions on the paraunitary filter bank, the linear phase property of the filters, and their pairwise mirror-image symmetry in the frequency domain. These two properties are useful in several applications, including image processing. In this paper we will propose a factorization for filter banks having all the three properties simultaneously, namely, paraunitariness, linear phase, and pairwise mirror-image symmetry. We will then prove that our factorization isminimal andcomplete. This means that the number of delays used is equal to the McMillan degree, and that all filter banks satisfying the three properties simultaneously can be factored in terms of our factorization. Our factorization therefore gives us a robust structure for implementing these systems. All the three properties are guaranteed to be satisfied inspite of multiplier quantization. We are not aware of any other factorizations that are proved minimal and complete for any three properties simultaneously.     

基于卡尔曼滤波的STFT域回声抵消算法

提出了一种低复杂度的短时傅里叶变换域卡尔曼滤波算法来解决声学回声抵消问题。首先在短时傅里叶变换域建立了基于频域卷积传递函数的观测方程,并利用一阶马尔科夫模型对频域回声路径进行建模,给出了精确的卡尔曼滤波方程,并讨论了过程噪声和观测噪声的估计问题。为降低算法计算复杂度,提出了低复杂度卡尔曼滤波算法。另外,在更新滤波器时加入远端信号邻近频点的信息来进一步提高回声抵消性能。实验结果表明,所提算法对近端干扰不敏感,不需要额外的双端对讲检测算法,且比传统的频域自适应滤波算法具有更快的收敛速度。     

低通滤波器工艺设计与实现

介绍一种新型滤波器的工艺设计、工艺实现,提出了分段加工整体焊接的方法,解决了薄壁、深孔加工工艺问题,分析了其加工工艺特点和实现方法．电检测结果满足该滤波器的性能要求．     

直升机结构响应频域自适应控制的试验研究

降低直升机的振动水平一直是直升机研制过程中最为关键的技术问题之一。基于直升机全局模型的结构响应频域主动控制方法,采用自行研制的数字信号处理(DSP)测控软件进行了多输入多输出的试验研究。在对控制通道频响矩阵的在线识别上分别采用了卡尔曼(Kalman)滤波法和最小均方法(LMS),重点探讨了权矩阵、识别量初始值等对控制效果的影响,并对两种识别方法进行了对比,得出了有价值的结论,为真实工程应用中方法以及对应参数的选择提供参考和依据。     

Estimation Performance for the Cubature Particle Filter under Nonlinear/Non-Gaussian Environments

This paper evaluates the state estimation performance for processing nonlinear/non-Gaussian systems using the cubature particle filter (CPF), which is an estimation algorithm that combines the cubature Kalman filter (CKF) and the particle filter (PF). The CPF is essentially a realization of PF where the third-degree cubature rule based on numerical integration method is adopted to approximate the proposal distribution. It is beneficial where the CKF is used to generate the importance density function in the PF framework for effectively resolving the nonlinear/non-Gaussian problems. Based on the spherical-radial transformation to generate an even number of equally weighted cubature points, the CKF uses cubature points with the same weights through the spherical-radial integration rule and employs an analytical probability density function (pdf) to capture the mean and covariance of the posterior distribution using the total probability theorem and subsequently uses the measurement to update with Bayes’ rule. It is capable of acquiring a maximum a posteriori probability estimate of the nonlinear system, and thus the importance density function can be used to approximate the true posterior density distribution. In Bayesian filtering, the nonlinear filter performs well when all conditional densities are assumed Gaussian. When applied to the nonlinear/non-Gaussian distribution systems, the CPF algorithm can remarkably improve the estimation accuracy as compared to the other particle filter-based approaches, such as the extended particle filter (EPF), and unscented particle filter (UPF), and also the Kalman filter (KF)-type approaches, such as the extended Kalman filter (EKF), unscented Kalman filter (UKF) and CKF. Two illustrative examples are presented showing that the CPF achieves better performance as compared to the other approaches.     

模拟频域滤波重构直方图均衡的图像增强方法

针对传统图像增强方法的不足,提出一种基于模拟频域滤波重构直方图均衡的图像增强方法.将频率域滤波的思想引入空间域直方图运算当中,在模拟频率直方图统计中进行频率信息的统计,利用这些频率信息建立模拟频率域坐标,进行模拟频域滤波,对滤波处理后的直方图进行均衡化处理.实验表明:与传统方法相比,该算法优化了灰度级的动态分布范围,能得到更清晰的增强效果,且在图像中没有视觉明显的噪声放大.     

全设计频段束宽恒定的低旁瓣时域波束形成

为了在空域无失真地接收宽带信号和有效地抑制环境干扰,提出了全设计频段束宽恒定的低旁瓣时域波束形成方法。首先,把宽带信号分为几个子带,应用半定规划的优化方法设计这些子带中心频率上的加权,使所形成的波束主瓣与设计带宽中最低频率上的波束相同,同时约束其具有低旁瓣特征。然后,设计FIR滤波器拟合这些离散频率点上恒定束宽加权所表示的幅相加权。显然,设计得到的FIR滤波器的幅相响应给出了全设计频段上的幅相加权。最后应用该方法,针对阵元具有方向性的12元均匀离散圆弧阵,设计覆盖一个倍频程的低旁瓣时域恒定束宽波束形成器,并使用线性调频信号作为测试信号,验证了所提方法的有效性。     

Constrained digital matched filter method for optimum filter synthesis

We present a new method to directly calculate the optimum filter in presence of any additive stationary noise, with arbitrary time and domain constraints (flat-top, zero-area, etc.). A more concise re-deduction of digital penalized LMS method (DPLMS) is given. This method is fully developed, and synthesis results of a typical situation are given and compared with the DPLMS method. Optimum filter can be synthesized without a prior knowledge of the noise power spectral density, which makes it suitable to be used in adaptive, self-calibrating digital spectroscopy.     

基于FPGA的多通道CIC滤波器设计

数字信号处理中运用CIC滤波器进行采样率转换非常普遍.考虑到实际应用,传统的CIC滤波器存在一些不足.采用多级级联方法降低了对硬件运算速度的要求,有利于实时处理;采用余弦滤波器改善了阻带衰减不足;内插二阶多项式滤波器补偿了CIC滤波器通带内的衰减;抗混叠低通滤波器减小了混叠影响.通过仿真实验验证了FPGA硬件平台的可行性.     

水声传感器网络移动节点定位技术

针对水声传感器网络的移动节点定位问题,首先研究了基于距离测量值的多边定位方法(Multilateral Localization,ML);然后利用节点运动信息,提出采用扩展卡尔曼滤波(Extended Kalman Filter,EKF)进行跟踪的方法;最后针对水下移动节点的测量值不同步问题,提出了修正扩展卡尔曼滤波(Modified Extend Kalman Filter,MEKF)以改进EKF的精度。仿真分析结果表明,MEKF的定位精度要好于EKF,而EKF和MEKF由于其用到了节点的运动信息,因此其定位精度要远好于ML。     

舰船宽带连续谱噪声的模拟

首先对舰船辐射噪声信号的时域特性和频域特性进行了分析讨论,根据噪声的连续谱特性,提出了一种用FIR滤波器实现宽带噪声信号模拟的方法。由于舰船宽带信号的连续谱在高频段具有-6dB/oct的衰减特性,因此该FIR滤波器的幅频响应也要与此一致,且为线性相位,即该滤波器的频率响应要具有特定的形状。采用了自适应方法很方便地实现了该特定频率响应FIR滤波器的设计,再将高斯白噪声信号通过该滤波器即实现宽带噪声信号的模拟。仿真结果表明,该方法较真实地模拟出任意给定频域特征的宽带连续谱噪声信号。     

基于B样条滤波器的表面粗糙度提取方法

提出了一种新的轮廓滤波器,它以高精度逼近高斯滤波器.这种轮廓滤波器是通过B样条与变分法相结合构造出来.通过调节逼近参数,该滤波器与高斯滤波器的逼近偏差可以控制在0.94%.该滤波器的算法是在频域中实现而不是时域中,所以大大缩减了计算时间.该滤波器的另外一个重要特性是有效地抑制了出现在滤波结果数据边缘的失真,也即边缘效应,这是许多轮廓滤波器所共有的缺陷.对一个实际工件进行测量提取表面中线和粗糙度,结果令人满意.     

多坐标系下目标跟踪的联合滤波

针对雷达目标观测和处理在不同的坐标系下完成，本文提出了联合滤波算法来跟踪机动目标。该算法以卡尔曼滤波器为基础，直角坐标系下和极坐标系下的算法相联合，不仅克服了两种坐标系下滤波算法的不足，而且对机动目标有很好的跟踪效果。仿真实验结果表明了该算法的有效性。     

斜变滤波器频域加窗对图像重建的影响

斜变滤波器的性能对图像重建有重要的影响,频域加窗设计法是其主要的设计方法。设计了4种经典的加窗滤波器：RL滤波器、SL滤波器、Hamming窗滤波器和指数窗滤波器。从单位冲激响应和频率响应2个方面分析了这4种滤波器的特性;从频率响应和旁瓣衰减速度2个方面比较了这4种滤波器。理论分析与仿真结果表明：指数窗滤波器的震荡噪声最小;SL滤波器整体最优。     

多项滤波器算法在水声信号处理中的研究和仿真

主要对多项滤波器算法在水声信号处理中的应用进行了理论分析和算法仿真.为实现抽样率转换而产生的多项滤波器算法,通过对信号进行抽取和插值相结合的方法来控制信号的抽样率.对抽取-插值滤波器依照减少乘法运算次数的原则进行结构上的简化,并进行数学推导,最终得到多项滤波器的结构框图和数学表达式.运用MATLAB对多项滤波器算法进行仿真,并对仿真结果作了理论分析.     

分形噪声中谐波信号的提取

本文提出一种分形噪声中谐波信号的提取算法。它利用小波变换对1／f噪声的白化作用,结合自适应自调谐滤波器组,在小波域实现了分形噪声与谐波信号的分离。仿真结果表明,该算法能够有效地抑制分形噪声,显著地提高信噪比。     

圆度测量中高斯滤波的逼近实现方法

以B样条函数为基础,将约束条件引入变分原则,并结合小尺度参数高斯滤波器卷积特性,建立高斯滤波器的逼近滤波器。该滤波器与理论滤波器的幅度最大偏差小于1%,并具有零相移特性。在数字滤波算法中,包含两次零相移滤波和加权滤波循环计算,整个算法具有结构形式简单和计算效率较高的特点。根据圆度信号的周期封闭性,采用周期延拓法,消除数字滤波算法存在的边界效应问题。为圆度测量中高斯滤波器的实现提供了一种高精度、高效率的实现方法。     

加权均值滤波在机场跑道路面裂纹图像检测中的应用

图像去噪是图像处理中的一个重要环节。基于均值滤波和中值滤波的经典算法,结合数字图像处理技术,以拍摄的直升机机场跑道路面裂纹图像作为研究对象,提出了一种改进的加权均值滤波算法,并通过仿真给出了试验效果图及数据结果。结果表明：改进的加权均值滤波算法较传统均值滤波能更好地保护图像的细节,失真小,在去除噪声的同时较好地保留边缘等细节信息,降低了图像处理后的模糊化程度,优于经典的滤波算法。该研究为机场跑道路面裂纹图像检测提供了一种新方法。