Building a Pragmatic Semantic Web

Many real-world tasks require the acquisition and integration of information from a distributed set of heterogeneous sources. Hence, there's no shortage of opportunities for applications using Semantic Web (SW) technologies. The power of publishing and linking data in a way that machines can automatically interpret through ontologies is beginning to materialize. However, market penetration level is relatively low, and it's still no routine matter for an enterprise, organization, governmental agency, or business with large distributed databases to add them to the Web of linked and semantically enriched data. In part, they may suspect that they're expected to pioneer an approach in which quick wins are few. Moreover, cost and privacy issues arise when ever-increasing amounts of information are linked into the Web. A practical approach to adopting semantic Web technologies enables large organizations to share data while achieving clear private as well as public reuse benefits.     

Using UML Profiles for Documenting Web-Based Application Frameworks

The Web now offers an exceptional infrastructure for the development of distributed collaborative services and applications. However, most of the existing applications only make use of the Web access and visualization facilities, without exploiting its distributed-processing potential capabilities. Web technologies are currently more focused on the provision of semantics to data and the design of dynamic Web pages, while paying little attention to the distributed architecture of the applications – that should go beyond client-server architectures. Application frameworks are one of the key technologies that may provide the mechanisms required for the design and development of reusable and scalable systems in these environments. However, the way to document such frameworks so they can be effectively tailored and reused still remains unresolved. In this paper we propose the use of UML profiles for documenting Web-based application frameworks, as a standard means for expressing their semantics. UML profiles allow all stakeholders of a system to share a common graphical notation and vocabulary, and permit more precise specifications and better documentation on how to use and customize applications. As an example, we build a UML profile for MultiTEL, a framework particularly well suited for the development of Internet-based multimedia and collaborative systems, and show how systems designers can use it to derive and document their applications.     

Databases deepen the Web

The Web has become the preferred medium for many database applications, such as e-commerce and digital libraries. These applications store information in huge databases that users access, query, and update through the Web. Database-driven Web sites have their own interfaces and access forms for creating HTML pages on the fly. Web database technologies define the way that these forms can connect to and retrieve data from database servers. The number of database-driven Web sites is increasing exponentially, and each site is creating pages dynamically-pages that are hard for traditional search engines to reach. Such search engines crawl and index static HTML pages; they do not send queries to Web databases. The information hidden inside Web databases is called the "deep Web" in contrast to the "surface Web" that traditional search engines access easily. We expect deep Web search engines and technologies to improve rapidly and to dramatically affect how the Web is used by providing easy access to many more information resources.     

基于RDF句子的语义网文档搜索

语义网文档搜索是发现语义网数据的重要手段.针对传统信息检索方法的不足,提出基于RDF句子的文档词向量构建方法.首先,文档被看作RDF句子的集合,从而在文档分析和索引时能够保留基于RDF句子的结构信息.其次,引入资源的权威描述的定义,能够跨越文档边界搜索到语义网中互连的数据.此外,扩展了传统的倒排索引结构,使得系统能够提取出更加便于阅读和理解的片段.在大规模真实数据集上的实验表明,该方法可以显著地提高文档检索的效率,在可用性上具有明显的提升.     

基于动态数据生成缺陷的XSS漏洞挖掘技术

XSS漏洞普遍存在于当前Web应用中,而且危害极其严重。随着Web2．0的到来,Web应用日趋大型化和复杂化,进一步为web漏洞的滋生提供了温床。针对大型web应用中复杂的数据组织结构,文章提出一种基于动态数据生成缺陷的XSS漏洞挖掘方法,能快速、高效地挖掘出大型Web应用中存在的XSS漏洞。同时,利用这一挖掘方法对web应用中存在的HTTPResponseSplitting漏洞、URLRedirection漏洞进行挖掘分析,都取得了非常显著的效果。     

From Here to There

In a previous paper, the author described where he thought the Web would be headed over the next few years. He speculated that the trend seemed to be toward the semantic Web, although maybe not via the shortest path of directly deploying semantic Web technologies such as RDF and OWL. For this paper, he presents some concrete examples of technologies that support this prognosis. One key idea of the semantic Web is the Web of data, in which richly interconnected data collections appear alongside (and integrated with) the collections of hypertext documents. However, the Web supports linking, and with the various data languages available (often XML based), a Web of data without semantic Web technologies is entirely conceivable. In a sense, we already have such a thing, although the data are usually binary files such as images and audio files, which seriously limits linking potential. Without the ability to join pieces of information and work more on the level of knowledge representation, this naive Web of data offers little promise in itself. There is a possible shift under way, however, from the Web as (mostly) a document repository with generally limited granularity of addressability, to the Web as a generic, moderately interlinked data store (which includes documents as a subset of data types)     

Toward Web-based application management systems

As Web technology spreads, the number, variety, and sophistication of Web based information services is literally exploding. While some effort has been put into managing a single, centrally controlled Web site, current Web technologies offer little help for managing Web based applications in-the-large. This is partly due to the distributed, heterogeneous, and open nature of such applications. The paper proposes a generic framework for managing Web based applications which addresses both semantic and managerial issues. Semantic issues are addressed through the inclusion of a domain model component in the framework which describes the kinds of information that are available. Management issues are treated through a framework which includes formally defined notions for an information model, information base consistency, transactions, and concurrency control. Thus, the proposed management system provides a semantically robust environment for Web based information services while allowing for Web source independence     

XML-based specification for Web services document security

The Internet and related technologies have seen tremendous growth in distributed applications such as medicine, education, e-commerce, and digital libraries. As demand increases for online content and integrated, automated services, various applications employ Web services technology for document exchange among data repositories. Web services provide a mechanism to expose data and functionality using standard protocols, and hence to integrate many features that enhance Web applications. XML, a well-established text format, is playing an increasingly important role in supporting Web services. XML separates data from style and format definition and allows uniform representation, interchange, sharing, and dissemination of information content over the Internet. XML and Web services provide a simplified application integration framework that drives demand for models that support secure information interchange. Providing document security in XML-based Web services requires access control models that offer specific capabilities. Our XML-based access control specification language addresses a new set of challenges that traditional security models do not address.     

Semantic Web computing in industry

The Semantic Web has attracted significant attention during the last decade. On the one hand, many research groups have changed their focus towards Semantic Web research and research funding agencies particularly in Europe have explicitly mentioned Semantic Web in their calls for proposals. On the other hand, industry has also begun to watch developments with interest and a number of large companies have started to experiment with Semantic Web technologies to ascertain if these new technologies can be leveraged to add more value for their customers or internally within the company, while there are already several offers of vendors of Semantic Web solutions on the market. The essence of the Semantic Web is to structure Web-based information to make it more interoperable, machine-readable and thereafter to provide a means to relate various information concepts more easily and in a reusable way. The Semantic Web acts as an additional layer on the top of the Web, and is built around explicit representations of information concepts and their relationships such as ontologies and taxonomies. Furthermore, Semantic Web technologies are not only valuable on an open environment like the Web, but also in closed systems such as in industrial settings. Hence, these technologies can be efficiently deployed for domains including Web Services, Enterprise Application Integration, Knowledge Management and E-Commerce, fulfilling existing gaps in current applications. This paper focuses on this synthesis between Semantic Web technologies and systems problems within industrial applications. There will be a short review of Semantic Web standards, languages and technologies followed by a more detailed review of applications of Semantic Web computing in industry. The paper covers theoretical considerations as well as use cases and experience reports on the topic, and we also present some current challenges and opportunities in the domain.     

可扩展并行Web Server集群技术

采用并行Ｗｅｂ Ｓｅｒｖｅｒ集群技术实现高性能Ｗｅｂ Ｓｅｒｖｅｒ已经成为一种趋势。该技术具有性能高、可扩展性好、可靠性高、成本低等优点。本文介绍了我们研制的ＴＨ－Ｗｅｂ Ｃｌｕｓｔｅｒ的工作原理、组成结构和所采用的几种关键技术,并与现有的技术和方法进行了比较。本文还简要介绍了ＴＨ－Ｗｅｂ Ｃｌｕｓｔｅｒ上开发的两个应用系统ＴＨ－Ｗｅｂ Ｄｉｇｇｅｒ（信息挖掘工具）和ＴＨ－Ｗｅｂ Ｓｅａｒｃｈ（搜     

利用Ajax结合VML实现Web图形化监控

基于Web的可视化应用监控是Web应用的一个新需求。介绍了Ajax结合VML实现图形动态显示处理的实现方法,给出了变化温度和实时变化的数据曲线的图形绘制,其中描述数据由随机函数模拟产生。通过Ajax技术动态获取服务器的动态数据,利用DHTML结合VML技术在Web页面中实现矢量图形绘制,从而为基于Web的实时监控应用设计提供了基础。     

Web使用挖掘研究

本文首先由Web挖掘的分类提出了Web使用挖掘,进一步介绍了Web使用挖掘的概念、分类及其采用技术,最后介绍了数据预处理方法以及Web使用挖掘的应用及其下一步将要研究的内容。     

Web使用挖掘技术研究综述

Web使用挖掘就是利用数据挖掘技术从Web数据中发现用户使用模式的过程.该介绍了Web使用挖掘的定义和背景知识,对Web使用挖掘的3个阶段:预处理,模式发现和模式分析进行详细的说明;深入研究了具体应用中的发展方向和所要解决的关键技术;对将来Web使用挖掘领域的研究问题作了展望.     

SWOWS and dynamic queries to build browsing applications on linked data

The linked data initiative is pushing dataset maintainers to publish data online in a highly reusable way through a set of open standards, such as RDF and SPARQL. The variety and amount of structured data available on the Web are increasing, but their consumption is still quite limited. In particular, applications that are used to explore linked data are usually generic linked data browsers or applications with hard-coded logic tailored for specific needs. SWOWS is a platform for declarative specification of applications consuming linked data. In this paper, we describe the use of the platform for creating browsing applications tailored to specific contexts, and show how the declarative paradigm supports the development of flexible applications. To this end, the platform has been extended to support the dynamic generation of SPARQL queries. An example of a linked data browser created with the platform is given.     

Meme media architectures for re-editing and redistributing intellectual assets over the Web

While current Web technologies have allowed us to publish intellectual assets in world-wide repositories, and to browse the resulting massive accumulation, we have no effective tools yet to flexibly re-edit and redistribute such intellectual assets for their reuse in different contexts. Open Hypermedia Systems addressed the problem of augmenting third-party applications in 90 s, and more recently Web augmentation. We need extended OHS technologies for the advanced reuse of Web-published intellectual assets through re-editing and redistributing them. Meme media and meme pool technologies will work as such extended Open Hypermedia Systems technologies to annotate, re-edit, and redistribute Web-published assets. This paper reviews the IntelligentPad and IntelligentBox meme media architectures together with their potential applications, and proposes both the use of XML/XSL or XHTML to define two-dimensional meme media objects. When applied to Web contents, meme media technologies make the World Wide Web operate as a meme pool, where people can publish their intellectual assets as Web pages, access some Web pages to extract some of their parts as meme media objects through drag-and-drop operations, visually combine these meme media objects together with other meme media objects to compose new intellectual assets, and publish these assets again as Web pages. Our framework creates a new vista in the circulation and reuse of our knowledge represented as multimedia documents and/or application programs, especially in the field of science.     

Prediction of user navigation patterns by mining the temporal web usage evolution

Advances in the data mining technologies have enabled the intelligent Web abilities in various applications by utilizing the hidden user behavior patterns discovered from the Web logs. Intelligent methods for discovering and predicting user’s patterns is important in supporting intelligent Web applications like personalized services. Although numerous studies have been done on Web usage mining, few of them consider the temporal evolution characteristic in discovering web user’s patterns. In this paper, we propose a novel data mining algorithm named Temporal N-Gram (TN-Gram) for constructing prediction models of Web user navigation by considering the temporality property in Web usage evolution. Moreover, three kinds of new measures are proposed for evaluating the temporal evolution of navigation patterns under different time periods. Through experimental evaluation on both of real-life and simulated datasets, the proposed TN-Gram model is shown to outperform other approaches like N-gram modeling in terms of prediction precision, in particular when the web user’s navigating behavior changes significantly with temporal evolution.     

Implementing Web 2.0 technologies in higher education: A collective case study

Web 2.0 technologies are becoming more popular in the everyday lives of students. As a result, teachers and designers have begun to explore their use in formal education. This paper presents evaluation findings from a collective case study of six Web 2.0 implementations in Australian higher education. The research was undertaken as part of a larger study that sought to understand how today’s students use information and communication technologies to support their learning. Conducted across three universities, the research included a range of disciplines, class sizes and year levels. A common evaluation strategy was used in order to collect comparable data from which commonalities and differences could be identified. This paper provides an overview of the study, describes the methodology used, summarises the implementation experiences of staff and students involved and presents the key findings. The results suggest that most students had little prior experience with relevant technologies and that many struggled to see the value of using Web 2.0 technologies for learning and teaching, both of which have important implications for the design of appropriate learning tasks. While the argument can be made for improving the design through better task-technology alignment, this study also highlights inherent tensions between Web 2.0 and educational practices.     

MatSeek: An Ontology-Based Federated Search Interface for Materials Scientists

The MatSeek system is an ontology-based federated search interface to key materials science databases and analytical tools. By combining Semantic Web and Web 2.0 technologies, MatSeek provides materials scientists with a single Web interface that enables them to search across disparate databases containing crystal-structure data, ionic-conductivity data, and phase stability data; render 3D crystal-structure images; calculate bond lengths and angles; retrieve relevant scholarly references; and identify potential new materials with the structure and properties required to satisfy specific applications. The MatOnto ontology underlying MatSeek enables integration of data across disparate databases, and Web 2.0 technologies enable iterative searching across the databases. The results retrieved from searching the previous database are used as input to the query on the next database. By providing materials scientists with a single, integrated Web interface to the critical materials science databases and analytical tools, MatSeek represents a significant advance toward a full-fledged materials-informatics workbench.