铝修饰氧化锌纳米棒的制备及表征

研究铝(Al)修饰对氧化锌(ZnO)纳米棒的晶体结构、微观形貌和光学性能的影响。以乙酸锌和六亚甲基四胺的混合液为前驱液,采用水热法制备ZnO纳米棒,应用磁控溅射Al的方法修饰ZnO纳米棒,分别使用X射线衍射仪、扫描电子显微镜、紫外-可见分光光度计、拉曼光谱仪和荧光光谱仪对Al修饰前后ZnO纳米棒的表征分析,结果表明:ZnO纳米棒为六方纤锌矿结构、结晶度较高,且沿晶面(002)择优生长;ZnO纳米棒的尺寸均匀、平均直径约为200 nm;修饰后的ZnO纳米棒表面附着一层Al颗粒,Al颗粒能有效增强在波长380 nm～1 100 nm范围内的吸收率,同时改善了ZnO纳米棒的光致发光性能。     

棒状氧化锌纳米材料的制备及表征

分别以Zn(Ac)2.2H2O和Zn(NO3)2.6H2O为锌源,利用简易的低温液相法制备了2种不同形貌的ZnO纳米棒状结构。XRD衍射图谱表明,所得的ZnO纳米棒具有六角纤维锌矿结构;通过SEM观察可知,以Zn(Ac)2.2H2O为锌源制备的ZnO纳米棒,长度1~5μm,直径50~100 nm;以Zn(NO3)2.6H2O为锌源制备的ZnO纳米棒,长度0.5~1μm,直径40~60 nm。     

固相反应调控合成不同形貌的ZnO纳米晶体

用不同锌盐与氢氧化钠,通过固相反应合成ZnO纳米材料,研究不同原料配比、锌盐种类和表面活性剂对ZnO纳米晶体形貌的影响。用XRD、FE-SEM分析了ZnO产物的物相组成与显微形貌。研究结果表明:当锌盐与氢氧化钠的物质的量比为1∶2时,合成的ZnO晶体均呈颗粒状,以Zn(NO_3)_2和ZnCl_2为锌盐,得到的ZnO纳米晶体平均粒度分别为50nm和60nm,而以Zn(CH_3COO)_2为锌盐,得到的ZnO晶体粒度为80~620nm;当锌盐与氢氧化钠的物质的量比为1∶5时,以Zn(NO_3)_2和Zn(CH_3COO)_2为锌盐,合成的ZnO呈薄片状,以Zn(NO_3)_2为锌盐,得到的ZnO晶体片厚30nm,片长180nm,而以Zn(CH_3COO)_2为锌盐,得到的ZnO晶体片厚50nm,片长500nm,当锌盐为ZnCl_2时,其产物呈颗粒状,晶体粒度为120~400nm;原料中添加表面活性剂(十二烷基苯磺酸钠),对产物的形貌有较大影响,以Zn(NO_3)_2为锌盐,与氢氧化钠的物质的量比分别为1∶2和1∶5时,可分别得到片状与颗粒状的ZnO。     

水热法制备花状和菜花状氧化锌

以Zn(NO3)2·6H2O和N2H4·H2O为原料,采用水热法在180℃下保温24 h,制备了花状和菜花状的氧化锌(ZnO)纳米棒束.用XRD、SEM、FE-SEM及HR-TEM对样品进行了表征.XRD结果表明所制样品为六方纤维锌矿结构的ZnO晶体;SEM及FE-SEM测试结果显示ZnO晶体的形貌呈花状和菜花状,且由直径约100 nm的纳米棒组成;HR-TEM结果表明单晶纳米棒沿[0001]方向生长最快.结合测试结果,分析、讨论了花状和菜花状ZnO纳米棒束的生长机理及N2H4·H2O在ZnO生长过程中的作用.     

ZnO纳米阵列的水溶液法制备及其荧光特性

采用简单的低温水溶液法,在修饰有ZnO种子膜的玻片上制备出形貌规整、取向性较好的ZnO纳米棒阵列。利用场发射扫描电子显微镜(FE-SEM)、X射线衍射仪(XRD)和荧光测试仪(PL)等对产物的形貌、结构、光致发光特性进行了表征。结果表明,水热生长12 h后,能够得到均匀致密、高度取向的氧化锌纳米棒阵列,每个纳米棒直径大约为150 nm,长度为1.5μm左右。XRD结果显示,ZnO纳米棒的结构为纤锌矿结构,并沿c轴择优生长。荧光测试结果显示,所制备的ZnO纳米棒阵列在383 nm附近有一个强的紫外发射峰,同时在可见光区出现比较弱的蓝绿光发射峰。     

ZnO纳米棒阵列的可控生长与表征

采用化学溶液法在沉积了ZnO种子层的SnO2:F导电玻璃衬底上,生长了ZnO纳米棒阵列。研究了1,3-丙二胺浓度对纳米棒阵列的形貌结构的影响规律。采用扫描电镜(SEM),X射线衍射(XRD)对ZnO纳米棒的表面形貌和晶格结构进行了表征。SEM结果表明纳米棒阵列垂直衬底表面生长,XRD结果表明纳米棒生长方向沿着[002]晶向,具有单晶结构。1,3-丙二胺浓度对制备得到的纳米棒形貌、长度等有明显调控作用。在优化条件下生长的ZnO纳米棒的长度大约7m,根部直径150nm,尖端直径大约10nm。研究了ZnO纳米棒阵列的光致发光(PL)特性。     

基于三明治结构的氧化锌纳米棒紫外光电探测器

采用磁控溅射技术、水热法制备了三明治结构的氧化锌纳米棒(ZnO-NRs)紫外探测器,借助X射线仪、拉曼光谱仪、扫描电子显微镜等测量设备表征了 ZnO纳米棒的晶体结构、表面形貌、光致发光谱、透过率以及紫外探测性能.结果表明,ZnO纳米棒沿(002)晶面择优取向生长、出现E2(high)声子模散射峰,为六方纤锌矿结构;Zn...     

氧化锌纳米棒紫外探测器的制备及性能

应用磁控溅射技术、光刻技术和水热法在玻璃衬底上制备了氧化锌(ZnO)光电导型紫外探测器。利用扫描电子显微镜、X射线衍射仪和分光光度计等测试仪器对ZnO光电导型紫外探测器进行表征分析。实验结果表明,ZnO薄膜紫外探测器和ZnO纳米棒紫外探测器光电流分别为5.78mA和6.48mA;相比ZnO薄膜光电导型紫外探测器,ZnO纳米棒光电导型紫外探测器响应度提高了12.9%、灵敏度提高了14.5%,响应时间缩短了66.7%。     

离子液体中棒状ZnO粉体的制备及光催化性能

制备了离子液体1-乙基-3-甲基咪唑溴盐([emin]Br),以该离子液体为模板剂,采用水热法制备了亚微米级棒状ZnO粉体。经扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、X射线衍射(XRD)、傅立叶转换红外光谱(FT-IR)等对样品进行了表征和分析。结果表明,该方法制备出具有六方纤锌矿结构的棒状亚微米级ZnO粉体,棒长为2~3μm,直径为500~600 nm;以高压汞灯为光源,以ZnO粉体为光催化剂,对有机染料罗丹明B进行了光降解实验,光降解90 min后,其去除率达到93.3%。     

离子液体中棒状ZnO粉体的制备及光催化性能

制备了离子液体1-乙基-3-甲基咪唑溴盐([emin]Br),以该离子液体为模板剂,采用水热法制备了亚微米级棒状ZnO粉体。经扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、X射线衍射(XRD)、傅立叶转换红外光谱(FT-IR)等对样品进行了表征和分析。结果表明,该方法制备出具有六方纤锌矿结构的棒状亚微米级ZnO粉体,棒长为2~3μm,直径为500~600 nm;以高压汞灯为光源,以ZnO粉体为光催化剂,对有机染料罗丹明B进行了光降解实验,光降解90 min后,其去除率达到93.3%。     

氧化石墨还原法制备石墨烯及其吸附性能

利用液相化学氧化法制备氧化石墨,通过水合肼还原氧化石墨制备石墨烯.采用X射线衍射分析、激光拉曼光谱和透射电子显微镜等测试方法,对石墨烯材料的结构和吸附性能进行分析表征.结果表明,通过氧化石墨还原法制得的石墨烯晶体结构完整性有所降低;石墨烯对极性较大的有机染料亚甲基蓝、甲基橙和罗丹明B的吸附率都在95%以上,对极性较小的有机污染物苯酚和氯苯酚的吸附能力较弱.     

氧化钐掺杂对氧化锌压敏陶瓷电学特性的影响

以氧化锌、氧化镨、氧化亚钴、氧化铬和氧化钐作为原料,经配料、球磨、造粒、压片和烧结等工序制得压敏电阻片,采用电流-电压特性测试、X射线衍射和扫描电子显微镜分别获得陶瓷的电性能参数,材料成分和微观结构图.实验结果表明:随着氧化钐含量的增加,氧化锌压敏陶瓷的非线性和压敏电压呈现先增大后降低的趋势.当氧化钐摩尔百分比低于0.3时,非线性系数和压敏电压随氧化钐含量的增加而增大.而氧化钐摩尔分数为0.3%时,压敏陶瓷具有最佳非线性电学特性,非线性系数为35,压敏电压为435伏/毫米;继续增加氧化钐至摩尔分数为0.5%时,非线性系数和压敏电压将会降低.氧化钐绝大多数聚集在晶界层,抑制晶粒生长,从而提高了压敏陶瓷的压敏电压.而极少数氧化钐与氧化锌发生置换反应,降低了氧化锌颗粒的电阻,从而提高了非线性.因此氧化锌压敏陶瓷因掺杂氧化钐提高了电性能而有望应用在高压领域.     

水热法制备氧化锌空心球及其电化学性能的研究

以硝酸锌为原料,六次甲基四胺为沉淀剂,聚乙烯吡络烷酮为表面活性剂,利用水热法制备了氧化锌空心球。研究了不同聚乙烯吡络烷酮用量对空心球形貌的影响。通过X射线衍射、扫描电子显微镜、透射电子显微镜对产物进行了表征,通过循环伏安测试和恒电流充放电测试对产物进行了电化学测试。结果表明,产物粒径均一,为纯六方晶型的空心结构。当聚乙烯吡络烷酮含量0.13 g时,氧化锌空心球形貌最佳。电化学测试结果表明,在5 mV/s的扫描速率下,比容量可达到241.6 F/g;在0.5 A/g的充放电电流密度下,比容量为137.467 F/g。     

基于离子液体辅助下微波加热快速合成花状氧化锌纳米粒子

以二水合醋酸锌（Zn（AcO）2·2H2O）和氢氧化钠（NaOH）为原料,采用微波辅助加热,以离子液体作为微波吸附剂和表面活性剂,制备花状纳米氧化锌。用X射线衍射（XRD）,扫描电子显微镜（SEM）,荧光光谱仪（PL）对产物的晶相,微观形貌和发光特性进行表征。结果表明,产物是纤锌矿结构ZnO,呈花状,分散性好,光致发光光谱显示样品在421nm处显示出紫色发光峰,在542nm处显示出绿色发光峰。     

Synthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticles with good photocatalytic activities under stabilization of bovine serum albumin

Zinc oxide nanoparticles were synthesized using bovine serum albumin as stabilizers through a facile one-pot strategy in aqueous media. The morphology and crystal phase of the zinc oxide nanoparticles were determined by transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffractograms, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The synthesized ZnO nanoparticles exhibited strong absorption and photoluminescence properties in the visible wavelength region based on the fluorescence and UV-visible spectroscopy. Based on the results, the zinc oxide nanoparticles could effectively degrade the organic dyes through the mediation of the hydroxyl radical under visible light irradiation. Furthermore, the zinc oxide nanoparticles show good recycling stability during the photocatalytic experiments. These results suggested that the as-prepared zinc oxide nanoparticles might be used as a potential photocatalyst to efficiently treat the organic pollutants.     

Decorating multiwalled carbon nanotubes with zinc oxide nanoparticles by thermally decomposing Zn-oleate in an organic medium

Carbon nanotubes decorated with zinc oxide nanoparticles were produced by thermally decomposing a Zn-oleate complex in an octadecene medium. The structure of the ZnO decorating nanotube surfaces was characterized by transmission electron microscopy, scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction. The surfaces were shown to be densely and homogeneously covered by ZnO nanoparticles with a size below 10 nm. The nanoparticles had the wurtzite hexagonal crystal structure and showed good adhesion to the nanotubes. The carbon nanotubes decorated by metal oxide nanoparticles were synthesized at relatively low temperature and non-oxidation environment. Moreover, the large-scale production with low cost can be realized.     

Micaceous iron oxide prepared from pyrite cinders by hydrothermal method

Micaceous iron oxide (MIO) with a hexagonal flaky shape was prepared by hydrothermal method. The ferric hydroxide used as precursor was obtained by an acidic leaching solution of pyrite cinders reacting with ammonia solution. The optimal experimental conditions for preparing micaceous iron oxide were investigated by orthogonal experiments. Micaceous iron oxide can be successfully prepared when optimal parameters of total iron concentration of 2.0 mol/L, pH value of 8, n(Fe²⁺)/n(Fe³⁺) of 0.1, mass of seed crystal of 1 g, reaction temperature of 260 °C and reaction time of 30 min are applied. X-ray diffractometry (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and selected area electron diffractometry (SAEM) were adopted to characterize the hydrothermal products prepared under optimal conditions. The results indicate that highly crystallized α-Fe₂O₃ hexagonal flakes, about 1.0–1.5 μm in diameter and 0.1 μm in thickness, are prepared. Furthermore, the quality of micaceous iron oxide prepared can meet the required characteristics of micaceous iron oxide pigments for paints (ISO10601—2007).     

水热法制备碳纳米纤维与氧化锌复合材料

将静电纺丝技术制备的碳纳米纤维（CNFs）作为衬底材料,利用水热方法,通过改变水热反应温度和反应溶液浓度进行对比实验,得到制备碳纳米纤维（CNFs）与氧化锌（ZnO）复合材料的最佳方法.将获得的产物通过场发射电子扫描显微镜（FE-SEM）和X射线粉末衍射（XRD）检测,结果显示,ZnO纳米粒子成功的生长在CNFs表面上,而没有聚集在一起,生长在CNFs表面上的氧化锌纳米粒子的密度可通过反应溶液的浓度控制.     

Influence of zinc on electrochemical discharge activity of Mg-6%Al-5%Pb anode

Mg-6%Al-5%Pb (mass fraction) anodes with different contents of zinc were prepared by melting and casting. The electrochemical discharge behavior of these anodes in 3.5% NaCl solutions was investigated by galvanostatic test and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The microstructures and the corroded surfaces of these anodes were studied by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and emission spectrum analysis (ESA). The phase structures and the corrosion products of the anodes were analyzed by X-ray diffraction (XRD). The results show that zinc promotes the grain refinement of Mg-6%Al-5%Pb anode and makes the average discharge potential of Mg-6%Al-5%Pb anode more negative during galvanostatic test. Mg-6%Al-5%Pb anode with the addition of 1% (mass fraction) zinc has the best electrochemical performance. The activation mechanism of zinc to Mg-6%Al-5%Pb anode is as follows: The hydrolyzation of dissolved Zn²⁺ ions reduces the pH value of the solution near the surface of the anode and accelerates the dissolution of Mg(OH)₂ film; The precipitated Zn(OH)₂ with similar structure as Mg(OH)₂ combines with Mg(OH)₂ film easily and makes it break down.     

等离子体处理LDH对NiCo氧化物析氧性能的影响

通过沉淀法制备层状镍钴氢氧化物前驱体,再利用等离子对前驱体进行处理,得到镍钴氧化物。采用X射线衍射分析、场发射扫描电子显微镜、透射电子显微镜和BET法对镍钴氧化物的物相、形貌结构及孔径分布进行研究,并通过循环伏安法、线扫描伏安法等电化学测试评估材料的析氧反应（OER）催化活性。与传统热处理方法相比,低温等离子体方法制备的镍钴氧化物具有更大的比表面积（77.13 m²/g）和更丰富的孔结构（平均孔径18.40 nm）,并且在碱性电解质溶液中表现出更优的OER活性。这说明低温等离子体处理方法能够有效提升镍钴氧化物的OER性能。