半径5μm的定向输出圆盘形微腔激光器

基于三维时域有限差分法,对半径为5μm的径向直连波导微腔激光器的模式及定向输出特性进行研究,得到了波长在1550nm附近的高品质因子(Q)横电模的Q值与光场分布特性。基于半导体平面加工工艺制备了AlGaInAs/InP圆盘形微腔激光器,微腔半径为5μm,波导宽度为1μm。该激光器在298K下实现了连续单模输出,阈值电流为4mA。在注入电流为9mA时,激光器的边模抑制比可达33.4dB。基于速率方程拟合了激光器模式强度随注入电流的变化,得到激光器的自发辐射因子约为5.5×10~(-3)。     

电注入椭圆微腔半导体激光器热特性分析

对长轴为12μm、短轴为10μm并在长轴处直连2μm宽输出波导的椭圆微盘激光器的热特性进行了实验和理论分析。测量连续电流注入微腔激光器的稳态特性,根据其波长红移计算器件热阻为ZT=0.846 K/m W。用有限元分析法计算椭圆微腔的热阻,理论与实验结果相吻合,热阻的最大偏差为5%。研究了微腔激光器衬底厚度对微腔有源区温度的影响,通过引入侧向散热机制有效改善了微腔激光器的热特性。     

InGaAsP/InP正方形微腔激光器

采用平面工艺制作的定向输出微腔半导体激光器是集成光学同路的理想光源.近十几年来,以微盘为代表的回音壁模式(whispering-gallery mode)微腔激光器引起人们很大的重视.但圆对称的微盘激光器缺乏定向的激光输出,人们往往利用输出波导与微盘实现消逝波耦合或通过改变微盘的对称性来实现定向输出.最近几年,多边形微腔如止三角形、正方形、长方形、六边形等多边形光学微腔也引起人们的重视.多边形光学微腔中也能有高Q值的类回音壁模式.而且由于不具有圆对称性,其模式特性有利于简单地实现定向光输出.     

1967～2033 nm波段硅基可调谐外腔半导体激光器设计与仿真

2μm波长附近可调谐半导体激光器在分子光谱学和光通信领域中有广阔的应用前景。基于绝缘体上硅（SOI）平台,对2μm波长附近可调谐半导体激光器的外腔部分进行了设计优化。分析了不同尺寸光波导的模式损耗特性、单个微环谐振腔受总线波导耦合间距的作用以及总线波导光反馈终端对外腔半导体激光器性能的影响。并提出了一种具有高工艺兼容度的多模环形光波导光反馈结构。所设计的可调谐半导体激光器硅基外腔可通过环形波导上的镍铬合金微加热器进行0.1 nm/K的高精度调谐,对单个微加热器施加3.2 V电压时,调谐范围可达66 nm(1967～2033 nm)。     

“F-P”复合腔CO2波导激光器的研究

提出了CO2波导激光器的新构型——“F-P”复合波导腔。理论分析了基本原理和基本特性,并给出实验结果。理论分析和实验结果表明:“F-P”复合波导腔具有低的腔模耦合损耗,高的腔Q值和大的腔自由光谱区,以及长的运转寿命。并且实现了CO2波导激光器的低损耗外腔式运转,为波导激光器的腔内调制提供了足够大的空间。因而开拓了CO2波导激光器的应用前景。     

F-P短耦合腔动态单模半导体激光器

短耦合腔(SCC)半导体激光器通常由半导体激光二极管和外腔反射镜直接耦合组成,由于复合腔损耗调制作用而实现高速调制下的单纵模输出。本文提出的F-P短耦合腔动态单模激光器是以F-P标准具做外反射镜的新结构器件。理论计算表明,参数匹配的F-P SCC激光器,边模与主模的损耗差较单一平面外腔SCC激光器提高约50%,因而将大大有利于实现动态单模输出并提高边模抑制比。理论分析还表明,在激光二极管外腔一侧解理面上镀增透膜对选模有重要意义;选择厚约50～150μm,两面反射率分别为20～40%和约100%的标     

1.55-μm InGaAsP/InP基大功率半导体激光器的优化与制作

本文对1.55-μm InGaAsP/InP基大功率宽接触激光器进行了系统的设计优化,目的在于减小内部损耗的同时增大内量子效率,最终实现大功率输出。制作并深入分析了四种不同波导结构的宽接触激光器。通过理论分析和实验验证,表明梯度波导和薄的上波导限制层结构会产生高的内量子效率和输出斜率。最终1mm腔长,50μm条宽的未镀膜宽接触激光器获得了160mW的单边输出功率。     

近衍射极限输出的大芯径尺寸晶体波导主动调Q脉冲激光器

利用激光器实现高光束质量、高峰值功率输出是近年来的研究热点。采用芯层与包层折射率匹配的方法,同时利用模式竞争的选模特性,通过模拟晶体波导芯层各阶模的相对增益,计算出在腔内不同饱和光强下芯层的截止尺寸,制备了大芯径尺寸晶体波导,试验研究了大芯径尺寸晶体波导主动调Q脉冲激光器输出特性。采用芯径尺寸为320μm×400μm的1.0%(原子百分数)Yb:YAG,包层尺寸为7 mm×30 mm的0.5%(原子百分数)Er:YAG,长度为77 mm的单包层矩形晶体波导,平凹腔电光调Q,获得脉冲能量1.29 mJ@10 kHz,脉冲宽度10 ns,光束质量M~2=1.15×1.10的输出。试验证明大芯径尺寸晶体波导主动调Q脉冲激光器可获得近衍射极限高峰值功率脉冲输出。     

室温激射应变补偿5.5μm量子级联激光器

利用应变补偿和优化波导结构来提高量子级联激光器的性能,实现了波长为5.5μm量子级联激光器的室温激射.利用双晶X射线衍射实验对材料生长质量进行了检验.对于条宽为20μm,长为2mm的脊形波导激光器,室温最大输出功率为单腔面45mW.     

室温激射应变补偿5.5μm量子级联激光器

利用应变补偿和优化波导结构来提高量子级联激光器的性能,实现了波长为5.5μm量子级联激光器的室温激射.利用双晶X射线衍射实验对材料生长质量进行了检验.对于条宽为20μm,长为2mm的脊形波导激光器,室温最大输出功率为单腔面45mW.     

Resolution Enhancement Technology:Integrated Process Solutions using OPC

DUV lithography, using the 248 nm wavelength, is a viable manufacturing option for devices with features at 130 nm and less. Given the low kl value of the lithography, integrated process development is a necessary method for achieving acceptable process latitude. The application of assist features for rule based OPC requires the simultaneous optimization of the mask, illumination optics and the resist.Described in this paper are the details involved in optimizing each of these aspects for line and space imaging.A reference pitch is first chosen to determine how the optics will be set. The ideal sigma setting is determined by a simple geometrically derived expression. The inner and outer machine settings are determined, in turn,with the simulation of a figure of merit. The maximum value of the response surface of this FOM occurs at the optimal sigma settings. Experimental confirmation of this is shown in the paper.Assist features are used to modify the aerial image of the more isolated images on the mask. The effect that the diffraction of the scattering bars (SBs) has on the image intensity distribution is explained. Rules for determining the size and placement of SBs are also given.Resist is optimized for use with off-axis illumination and assist features. A general explanation of the material' s effect is discussed along with the affect on the through-pitch bias. The paper culminates with the showing of the lithographic results from the fully optimized system.     

Cost-effective test solutions for smart card and other integrated flash applications

From its emergence in the late 1980s as a lower cost alternative to early EEPROM technologies, flash memory has evolved to higher densities and speedsand rapidly growing acceptance in mobile applications.In the process, flash memory devices have placed increased test requirements on manufacturers. Today, as flash device test grows in importance in China, manufacturers face growing pressure for reduced cost-oftest, increased throughput and greater return on investment for test equipment. At the same time, the move to integrated flash packages for contactless smart card applications adds a significant further challenge to manufacturers seeking rapid, low-cost test.     

An improved parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations

The parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations is improved in this paper. By analyzing the notions of connected components and passes, a conclusion is drawn that the number of passes and the number of eight-connected components are equal. Then the expression of the number of eight-connected components is obtained which replaces the old one in the algorithm. And a reserving condition is proposed by experiments, which alleviates the excess deletion where a diagonal line and a beeline intersect. The experimental results demonstrate that the thinned curve is almost located in the middle of the original curve connectivelv with single pixel width and the processing speed is high.     

Theoretical analysis of the relationship between the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain in the optical-fiber sensors

The relation between the power of the Brillouin signal and the strain is one of the bases of the distributed fiber sensors of temperature and strain. The coefficient of the Bfillouin gain can be changed by the temperature and the strain that will affect the power of the Brillouin scattering. The relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is thought to be linear by many researchers. However, it is not always linear based on the theoretical analysis and numerical simulation. Therefore, errors will be caused if the relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is regarded as to be linear approximately for measuring the temperature and the strain. For this reason, the influence of the parameters on the Brillouin gain coefficient is proposed through theoretical analysis and numerical simulation.     

Novel fiber-optical interferometer with miniaturized probe for in-hole measurements

Today, micro-system technology and the development of new MEMS （Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems） are emerging rapidly. In order for this development to become a success in the long run, measurement systems have to ensure product quality. Most often, MEMS have to be tested by means of functionality or destructive tests. One reason for this is that there are no suitable systems or sensing probes available which can be used for the measurement of quasi inaccessible features like small holes or cavities. We present a measurement system that could be used for these kinds of measurements. The system combines a fiber optical, miniaturized sensing probe with low-coherence interferometry, so that absolute distance measurements with nanometer accuracy are possible.     

Study of waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers

This paper presents a new method to increase the waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers. We find that the propagation constant of the InGaAsP emitting layer can be equal to that of the Si resonant layer through improving the design size of the InP waveguide. The coupling power achieves 42% of the total power in the hybrid lasers when the thickness of the bonding layer is 100 nm. Our result is very close to 50% of the total power reported by Intel when the thickness of the thin bonding layer is less than 5 nm. Therefore, our invariable coupling power technique is simpler than Intel＇s.     

A rigorous proof of MIMO channel capacity’s increase with antenna number

It is well known that adding more antennas at the transmitter or at the receiver may offer larger channel capacity in the multiple-input multiple-output（MIMO） communication systems. In this letter, a simple proof is presented for the fact that the channel capacity increases with an increase in the number of receiving antennas. The proof is based on the famous capacity formula of Foschini and Gans with matrix theory.     

Teleportation of an arbitrary unknown N-qubit entangled state under the controlling of M controllers

A new quantum protocol to teleport an arbitrary unknown N-qubit entangled state from a sender to a fixed receiver under M controllers(M < N) is proposed. The quantum resources required are M non-maximally entangled Greenberger-Home-Zeilinger (GHZ) state and N-M non-maximally entangled Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen (EPR) pairs. The sender performs N generalized Bell-state measurements on the 2N particles. Controllers take M single-particle measurement along x-axis, and the receiver needs to introduce one auxiliary two-level particle to extract quantum information probabilistically with the fidelity unit if controllers cooperate with it.     

Diode-end-pumped Nd:YVO4/LBO lasers with 4.2W continuous-wave output at 457 nm

A continuous-wave (CW) 457 nm blue laser operating at the power of 4.2 W is demonstrated by using a fiber coupled laser diode module pumped Nd: YVO4 and using LBO as the intra-cavity SHG crystal With the optimization of laser cavity and crystal parameters, the laser operates at a very high efficiency. When the pumping power is about 31 W, the output at 457nm reaches 4.2 W, and the optical to optical conversion efficiency is about 13.5% accordingly. The stability of the out putpower is better than 1.2% for 8 h continuously working.     

Call for Papers

正Wireless Body-area Networks The last decade has witnessed the convergence of three giant worlds:electronics,computer science and telecommunications.The next decade should follow this convergence in most of our activities with the generalization of sensor networks.In particular with the progress in medicine,people live longer and the aging of population will push the development of wireless personal networks