冗余度双臂机器人轴孔装配的三维动态仿真与实验

分析了冗余度双臂机器人进行轴孔装配的运动学约束关系,设计了一种分层递阶控制结构．通过三维图形动态仿真,在冗余度双臂机器人协调控制实验平台上进行了实验．仿真和实验结果表明该方法能够顺利地完成双臂协调插孔的作业．     

博弈论的足球机器人进攻策略研究

为提高足球机器人在比赛中进攻中的成功率,通过分析足球机器人一些进攻策略算法的不足和足球机器人进攻的任务以及Nash均衡的主要特征,提出了一种基于博弈论足球机器人进攻策略算法。博弈的战略考虑射门和传球,通过获得的收益函数值选择最佳策略。实验结果表明,足球机器人能迅速合理选择进攻策略,有效地提高机器人在比赛中进攻中的成功率。     

基于蚁群算法的多机器人协作策略

蚁群算法是一种通过对蚂蚁社会长期观察得来的优化算法．它建立在蚁群的一种叫“外激励”的联系方式上，对解决一些分布式控制问题和复杂的优化问题十分有效．将“外激励”这一概念引入多机器人系统中，设计了一种基于蚁群算法的多机器人协作策略．这一策略可以解决多机器人系统在未知环境工作时所面临的一项艰巨的任务：自主协作规划．定义了多机器人系统在未知环境中可能存在的一个问题：任务死锁；将衰减因子引入协作算法，以防止任务死锁的发生；通过仿真验证了算法的性能．     

一种改进的多机器人任意队形控制算法

针对快速收敛的机器人部队任意队形控制算法中存在的问题，提出一种改进的多机器人系统模型和控制算法．新方案中详细讨论了基于全局通信的机器人集合划分方式，机器人可以以多种策略选择跟踪对象，并且新的系统模型和控制算法能够用于具有不同高度的机器人、目标和障碍物的情形．理论分析表明新方案尽可能多地减少智能体机器人之间的冲突及等待时间，更接近实际应用．      

一种水下机器人的工程触须的研究

本文介绍了一种类似生物触须的水下作业机器人的触觉传感器的工作原理和结构，并对传感器信号进行处理，为机器人控制提供感觉信息．     

一种输电线路巡检机器人控制系统的设计与实现

介绍了一种超高压输电线路巡检机器人控制系统的设计与实现方法．根据巡检作业任务的要求，采用遥控与局部自主相结合的控制模式实现巡检机器人沿线行走及跨越障碍．设计了巡检机器人有限状态机模型，实现了机器人遥控与局部自主控制的有机结合．采用基于激光传感器定位的方法实现了巡检机器人的自主越障控制．实验结果表明，该机器人可实现沿线行走及自主跨越障碍，从而验证了控制系统设计的有效性与合理性．     

水下机器人多功能作业工具包

本文首先阐述了水下机器人作业工具包的重要性，重点研究了水下机械手的原理、 功能及两种主要结构．并以沈阳自动化所研制的缆控水下机器人为背景，讨论了水下作业工 具包的一些专用工具的原理及其结构．     

基于进化梯度搜索的机器人主动嗅觉仿真研究

提出了基于进化梯度搜索的多机器人主动嗅觉的一种实现策略．首先用Fluent软件建立了一个时变的气态流体环境;其次给出了在此仿真环境中的基于进化梯度搜索的机器人主动嗅觉实现过程,包括发现气体、跟踪气体和气味源确认．为了弥补进化梯度搜索法在机器人数量有限情况下存在的不足,本文算法还使用了风向信息．仿真结果验证了该搜索策略的有效性．通过与传统的基于单机器人的浓度梯度搜索策略比较,验证了本文所用方法的优越性．     

面向任务的虚拟环境和人机交互方法研究

基于虚拟现实技术的人机交互方法为面向任务的机器人远程作业研究提供了新的思 想和思路，增强了机器人系统的遥控作业能力．本文对机器人系统中虚拟环境和人机交互方 法研究进行了综述，对虚拟环境中的示教和遥操作进行了评析，并探讨了未来遥操作机器人 系统作业的发展趋势．     

自重构机器人的自组织变形

本文深入研究了自重构机器人实现自组织变形的基本方法．首先根据自重构机器人 系统结构的基本特征提出一种描述模型，可以对各类模块化自重构机器人的拓扑结构进行统 一描述．然后提出一种建立在全离散的局部智能基础上的自重构机器人的自组织变形策略， 通过建立适当的模块运动规则和规则进化使机器人由局部自主运动产生全局系统自组织的结 果．     

Optimal Robot Localization in Trees

The problem of localization, that is, of a robot finding its position on a map, is an important task for autonomous mobile robots. It has applications in numerous areas of robotics ranging from aerial photography to autonomous vehicle exploration. In this paper we present a new strategy LPS (Localize-by-Placement-Separation) for a robot to find its position on a map, where the map is represented as a geometric tree of bounded degree. Our strategy exploits to a high degree the self-similarities that may occur in the environment. We use the framework of competitive analysis to analyze the performance of our strategy. In particular, we show that the distance traveled by the robot is at most O( ) times longer than the shortest possible route to localize the robot, where n is the number of vertices of the tree. This is a significant improvement over the best known previous bound of O(n^2/3). Moreover, since there is a lower bound of Ω( ), our strategy is optimal up to a constant factor. Using the same approach we can also show that the problem of searching for a target in a geometric tree, where the robot is given a map of the tree and the location of the target but does not know its own position, can be solved by a strategy with a competitive ratio of O( ), which is again optimal up to a constant factor.     

Robot end-effector orientation control using proximity sensors

By virtue of their high accuracy and fast response, intensity-based fibre optic proximity sensors have found applications in robot end-effector position control. Unfortunately, their characteristics show that the sensor is incapable of orientation sensing. To detect robot orientation errors, a multi-sensor approach is adopted and a detection strategy developed. The problems with real-time orientation control are studied in the context of general robot Cartesian space position control. The performance of the proposed strategy has been tested on a PUMA 560 robot and the results are presented in this paper. Successful applications of the strategy developed are demonstrated in target tracking and surface following.     

星形多边形搜索策略的研究*

在自动化机器人的导航问题中,机器人必须在不具备全部信息或在不确定情况下反复作出决定且最终要找到未知环境中的目标;当机器人获得了全部信息时问题得到解决。研究多边形内目标的在线搜索问题,提出了一种用于查找星形多边形内未知目标的搜索策略,这一策略具有竞争比11.18,它独立于起始点和目标点所在的位置。     

Position/torque hybrid control of a rigid,high-gear ratio quadruped robot

In this study, we introduce position/torque hybrid control for a newly designed rigid and high-gear ratio quadruped robot. The Experimental results indicated that the use of this control strategy allows the quadruped robot to maintain its stability while walking, and foot contact can be stabilized with only knee torque control and other joints are position controlled, without contact force feedback. Additionally, we suggested a smooth pattern connection method within or from preview control to the center of mass natural dynamics, and vice versa. We validated the proposed control strategies by conducting experiments.     

足球机器人多智能体协作策略

文章提出了足球机器人多智能体系统协作策略,它由三部分组成:角色执行器、角色分配器和避撞任务处理器。机器人角色分为进攻、防守和守门。角色任务处理器决定每一角色运动到何位置。角色分配器在每个采样周期中,根据视觉信息,动态地改变每一机器人的角色。避撞任务处理器预测两个机器人相撞的可能性,并改变机器人目标位置以避免碰撞。角色任务执行器执行由4阶bezier曲线产生运动轨迹。带有PID控制的足球机器人跟踪确定的bezier曲线。该文提出的策略已成功应用到GDUT_TAIYI队。     

基于肝脏力模型的机器人辅助进针策略

针对机器人辅助穿刺手术中软组织形变引起的安全性和准确性问题,基于猪肝进针力模型,在分析猪肝组织结构和力学特性的基础上提出了机器人辅助进针策略.它主要包括两点:一是在穿刺针进入肝脏瞬间,机器人自动停止进针,待软组织松弛片刎后,再以减半速度继续进针,以尽可能减小软组织形变对穿刺精度的影响,提高手术准确性.二是在穿刺针进入肝...     

Pivoting motion control for a laparoscopic assistant robot and human clinical trials

This paper presents a compliant motion control method for the robotic assistant ERM (Endoscopic Robotic Manipulator), designed and developed by the authors for handling the camera in laparoscopic surgery. Since the robot has a passive wrist and it is not fixed to the operating table, the relative position between the robot camera holder and the insertion point is unknown. In this way, the proposed approach keeps the camera orientation according to the motion references in spite of this uncertainty and compensates for other unexpected disturbances about the relative robot–patient position. This system has been tested with live animals as well as in clinical trials on humans.     

Robotic assembly automation using robust compliant control

Industrial robots used to perform assembly applications are still a small portion of total robot sales each year. One of the main reasons is that it is difficult for conventional industrial robots to adapt to any sort of change. This paper proposes a robust control strategy to perform an assembly task of inserting a printed circuit board (PCB) into an edge connector socket using a SCARA robot. The task is very challenging because it involves compliant manipulation in which a substantial force is needed to accomplish the insertion operation and there are some dynamic constraints from the environment. Therefore, a robust control algorithm is developed and used to perform the assembly process. The dynamic model of the robotic system is developed and the dynamic parameters are identified. Experiments were performed to validate the proposed method. Experimental results show that the robust control algorithm can deal with parameter uncertainties in the dynamic model, thus achieve better performance than the model based control method. An abnormal case is also investigated to demonstrate that the robust compliant control method can deal with the abnormal situation without damaging the system and assembly parts, while pure position control method may cause damages. This strategy can also be used in other similar assembly processes with compliant applications.     

PMSM驱动机器人的FSMC与EPCH协同控制

单独一种控制方法难以使机器人末端快速、准确地跟踪位置变化,针对这一问题,提出了模糊滑模(FSMC)信号控制与误差端口受控哈密顿(EPCH)能量控制的协同控制策略.FSMC解决了系统动态时的快速性问题,EPCH控制解决了系统稳态时的准确性问题.设计了基于误差的协同函数,利用协同函数来实现对机器人关节系统的协同控制,使机器...     

A force–impedance controlled industrial robot using an active robotic auxiliary device

A strategy to improve the performance of current commercial industrial robots is presented in this paper. This strategy involves cooperation of two robotic manipulators: the robotic controlled impedance device (RCID) and a commercial industrial robot. The RCID is a small six degrees-of-freedom (DOF) high bandwidth force–impedance controlled parallel manipulator, developed at the School of Engineering of the University of Porto (Portugal). The RCID works attached in series with a position controlled commercial industrial robot. Combination of the two manipulators behaves as a single manipulator having the impedance and force control dynamic performance of the RCID, as well as the workspace and trajectory tracking bandwidth of the industrial robot. Force–impedance control of the RCID, and experimental results on typical tasks that involve end-effector contact with uncertain environments of unknown stiffness are presented.