模糊可靠性计算的一种方法

通常可以将模糊可靠性问题转化为常规可靠性问题来计算机械零件的模糊可靠性。由于模糊可靠性问题的复杂性 ,一般不会得到计算模糊可靠性的解析式 ,这时可以将其展开成级数的形式 ,得到模糊可靠性计算的级数表达式 ,或者得到转换的常规可靠性的级数表达式 ,然后再用仿真法估计机械零件的模糊可靠性。采取本文的方法 ,可以减少可靠性分析的计算量 ,在一些特殊的情况下 ,计算量会大大地减少。     

机械可靠性试验技术研究现状和展望

相对电子产品可靠性试验而言,机械产品可靠性试验理论问题还处于不成熟的阶段.文中对当前机械可靠性的特点和争议进行介绍,从Bayesian理论、FMECA(failure mode effects and criticality analysis)和疲劳可靠性试验等三个方面总结机械可靠性试验技术相关的重要理论问题及其发展,并阐述可靠性增长试验、加速试验和微机械可靠性试验技术的国内外发展.最后总结机械可靠性试验技术研究存在的问题及其发展趋势.结论指出,只有把宏观上的可靠性统计、试验技术等问题与微观的材料失效机理及其老化过程等问题研究联合起来共同解决,才会更有助于推进机械可靠性技术的发展.     

整体法兰的可靠性稳健优化设计

将可靠性优化设计理论、可靠性灵敏度分析技术与稳健设计方法相结合，讨论整体法兰的可靠性稳健优化设计问题，提出可靠性稳健优化设计的计算方法。把可靠性灵敏度溶入可靠性优化设计模型之中，将可靠性稳健优化设计归结为满足可靠性要求的多目标优化问题。数值算例表明所提出的数值计算方法是一种非常方便和实用的可靠性稳健优化设计方法。     

结构凸集—概率混合可靠性分析的新方法

对凸集不确定性和随机变量共存的结构混合可靠性模型行研究,以解决部分参量统计信息不足时的结构可靠性评定问题。基于Info-gap理论,建立一种统一的结构非概率可靠性模型,由此导出一种与概率可靠性方法等价的椭球非概率可靠性模型。用一种特定的椭球凸集模型描述随机变量不确定性,与一般性的凸集模型复合,将凸集不确定性和随机变量共存的混合可靠性问题统一为非概率可靠性问题。基于非概率可靠性方法,提出一种一般性的凸集-概率混合可靠性方法。给出的混合可靠性指标同时具有稳健可靠性和概率可靠性意义,可通过含约束的优化问题求解。算例分析显示,当数据分散性较强或较弱时,已有的混合可靠性方法不能有效度量结构可靠性,新方法更具合理性和适用性。     

不完全概率信息的梁结构可靠性稳健设计

将可靠性设计理论和稳健设计方法相结合,讨论不完全概率信息的梁结构可靠性稳健设计问题,提出可靠性稳健设计的计算方法.把可靠性灵敏度溶入可靠性优化设计模型之中,将可靠性稳健设计归结为满足可靠性要求的多目标优化问题.在基本随机参数的前四阶矩已知的情况下,通过计算机程序可以实现不完全概率信息的梁结构可靠性稳健设计,迅速准确地得到不完全概率信息的梁结构可靠性稳健设计信息.     

非正态随机参数的螺旋管簧的可靠性稳健设计

将四阶矩技术、可靠性优化设计理论、可靠性灵敏度方法与稳健设计方法相结合,讨论了具有非正态随机参数的螺旋管簧的可靠性稳健设计问题,提出了可靠性稳健设计的计算方法。把可靠性灵敏度融入可靠性优化设计模型之中,将可靠性稳健设计归结为满足可靠性要求的多目标优化问题。在基本随机参数的前四阶矩已知的情况下,通过计算机程序可以得到具有非正态随机参数的螺旋管簧的可靠性稳健设计信息,实现其可靠性稳健设计。数值算例表明,此方法是一种方便和实用的可靠性稳健设计方法。     

仪器仪表产品可靠性知识讲座 第一讲 可靠性概述

当前,仪器仪表产品质量的主要问题之一是产品的使用寿命和环境适应性问题,也就是可靠性问题。如何提高仪器仪表产品可靠性,已成为仪器仪表行业当务之急。为此,本刊开辟本讲座,共分六讲。将分别在第一讲里概述质量与可靠性、可靠性发展简史、基本指标以及如何抓好此项工作;在第二、三两讲里介绍可靠性设计和可靠性评定的知识;在第四、五两讲里阐述如何掌握产品故障的规律并通过可靠性试验获得产品的可靠性指标;在第六讲里叙述有关环境适应性方面的设计和试验内容。     

导航雷达天线传动装置的可靠性设计

“可靠性设计”是可靠性工程中的一个主要内容,是近期发展起来的一门现代机械设计理论。目前,国内电子机械产品的可靠性差,迫切需要开展产品可靠性问题的研究,特别是对于雷达这一类军需产品和导航设备,解决可靠性问题是当务之急。我们除在理论上注重可靠性研究外,尚须对已有产品的失效进行分析,从而以理论为指导,开展可靠性设计。由于机     

基于数字积分法的模糊可靠性计算模型

在研究系统的模糊可靠性问题时，对模糊可靠度的计算是一个十分困难的问题。为了解决此问题，提出一种基于数字积分法的模糊可靠性计算模型，它重点解决工程实际中的随机应力0模糊强度模型问题。在此基础上提出一种模糊可靠性的数学运算法则，它可以用来计算机械部件、传感器、电子单元等的模糊可靠性。基于这种计算模型，提出一种计算鱼雷圆柱形壳体模糊可靠性的方法，它为鱼雷可靠性分析建立了一种系统组成单元模糊可靠性的基础。最后通过实例进行了计算分析，计算结果证明这种方法与工程实际是一致的。     

数控系统的可靠性设计与评估技术

针对数控系统可靠性评定中存在的问题阐述了进行数控系统可靠性设计和评估的技术方法,以及可靠性评定中必须涉及到的可靠度、失效率、环境因子和置信度的问题。     

Effects of prebuckling deformations on the elastic flexural-torsional buckling of laterally fixed arches

The effect of the prebuckling in-plane deformations on the elastic flexural-torsional buckling of laterally fixed circular arches is studied in this paper. The finite strains and the energy equation for the flexural-torsional buckling of arches have been derived based on an accurate orthogonal rotation matrix. A closed form solution for the elastic flexural-torsional buckling resistance of laterally fixed arches in uniform bending, including the effects of the prebuckling deformations, is obtained. It is found that the notion that the prebuckling deformations increase the flexural-torsional buckling moment of an arch or of a beam is not necessarily correct for a laterally fixed arch or beam in uniform bending, in deference to a laterally pinned arch. When a laterally fixed arch is subjected to positive uniform bending, the effects of the prebuckling deformations decrease the buckling moment, and the reduction of the buckling moment increases with an increase of the included angle and of the out-of-plane slenderness ratio of the arch. When a laterally fixed arch is subjected to negative uniform bending, the effects of the prebuckling deformations decrease the absolute value of its buckling moment when the included angle is very small, but increase the absolute value of the buckling moment when the included angle exceeds a certain value. The increase in the absolute value of the buckling moment increases with an increase of the included angle and of the out-of-plane slenderness ratio of the arch. When the ratio of the out-of-plane to the in-plane second moments of area of the cross-section is not small, both the reduction of the buckling moment of a laterally fixed arch in positive uniform bending and the increase of the buckling moment of a laterally fixed arch in negative uniform bending, are substantial.     

PHENOMENON OF CARVED DRIVING WHEELS

A newly found phenomenon of carved driving wheels of a rear-wheel-drive tractor used in an airport is discussed. The circum of every driving wheel is damaged at three regions,which distribute regularly and uniformly. Everyday,the tractor tows a trailer which are times heavier than the tractor,and moves on the same road in the airport. The phenomenon is explained by the torsional self-excited vibration system of the powertrain. The simplified torsional vibration system is discribed by a 2-order ordinary differential equation,which has a limit circle. Experiments and numerical simulations show the followings: Because of the heavy trailer,the slip ratio of the tractor’s driving wheels is very large. Therefore,there is severe torsional self-excited vibration in the tractor’s drivetrain,and the self-excited vibration results in severe and regular fluctuations of the rear wheel’s velocity. The severe fluctuations in velocity fastens the damage of the driving wheels. At the same time,the time interval in which an arbitrary point in the circum of the driving wheel contacts with the road twice is two times more than the period of the torsional self-excited vibration,and this times explained the existence of three damaged regions. At last,it points out that the phenomenon can be avoided when the torsional damping is large enough.     

DESIGN AND CAD SYSTEM OF THE FOOL FOR DRILL FLUTE

Based on the principles of differential geometry and kinematics, a mathematical model is developed to describe the grinding wheel axial cross-section with the radial cross-section of the flute in a given drill under the basic engagement condition between the generating flute and the generated grinding wheel (or disk milling tool). The mathematical model is good for the flute in the radial cross-section consisting of three arcs. Furthermore, a CAD system is also developed to represent the axial cross-section of the grinding wheel (or disk milling tool). With the system, the grinding wheel (or disk milling tool) axial cross-section that corresponds to the three-arc flute cross section can be conveniently simulated. Through the grinding experiment of drill flutes, the method and the CAD system are proved to be feasible and reasonable.     

孔隙阀式磁流变阻尼器准静力分析

建立了孔隙阀式磁流变阻尼器的轴对称模型.推导了孔隙阀内磁流变液压力梯度方程.对Herschel-Bulkley模型的磁流变阻尼器压力梯度进行了数值求解.应用代数方程理论,得到了Bingham模型的磁流变阻尼器压力梯度的解析解.最后,结合算例计算了孔隙阀内磁流变液的流速分布及阻尼器的阻尼力.     

车门静态强度的有限元分析模拟

轿车门系统结构设计与优化是整车开发过程中的重要环节。车门的强度直接关系到整车在冲击、碰撞等载荷下的安全问题,车门结构静态强度的计算分析,在车门结构设计进程中非常重要。文中首先简要介绍了静态强度所涉及到的非线性有限元的基本理论,然后以某中高级轿车前车门为例,利用计算机辅助分析车门的静态强度,考虑变形的非线性因素,通过对车门的非线性有限元求解来分析车门强度,由计算所得到的车门强度性能指标来指导车门的结构设计。     

气化炉三维扫描测量与数据处理

以德士古气化炉耐火砖的内壁蚀损检测设备为基础,对采集到的点云数据做了进一步处理.通过对数据的筛选和剔除,实现了数据点的平滑降噪细化和精简.然后利用点云对整、网格划分和分色显示等方法,最终完成了内壁腐蚀情况的三维建模.重点讨论了点云数据的预处理及后处理的方法,并根据内壁耐火砖的腐蚀阈值,提出了一种气化炉内壁腐蚀区域的识别与分割方法.对耐火砖的腐蚀分析、气化炉的生产与维修提供了可靠依据,并在工程应用中获得了一致认可.     

OPTIMIZING DESIGN OF MECHANICAL SELF-CENTERING DEVICE FOR SUSPENSION HEIGHT

Firstly, in view of the respective defects of existing self-centering devices for vehicle suspension height, the design scheme of the proposed mechanical self-centering device for suspension height is described. Taking the rear suspension of a certain light bus as a research example, the structures and parameters of the novel device are designed and ascertained. Then, the road excitation models, the performance evaluation indexes and the half-vehicle model are built, the simulation outputs of time and frequency domain are obtained with the road excitations of random and pulse by using MATLAB/Simulink software. So the main characteristics of the self-centering suspension are presented preliminarily. Finally, a multi-objective parameter design optimization model for the self-centering device is built by weighted sum approach, and optimal solution is obtained by adopting complex approach. The relevant choosing-type parameters for self-centering device components are deduced by using discrete variable optimal method, and the optimal results are verified and analyzed. So the performance potentials of the self-centering device are exerted fully in condition of ensuring overall suspension performances.     

IMPROVED METHOD FOR HILBERT INSTANTANEOUS FREQUENCY ESTIMATION

In the mechanical fault detection and diagnosis field, it is more and more important to analyze the instantaneous frequency (IF) character of complex vibration signal. The improved IF estimation method is put forward aiming at the shortage of traditional Hilbert transform. It is based on Hilbert transform in wavelet domain. With the help of relationship between the real part and the imaginary part obtained from the complex coefficient of continuous wavelet transform or the analytical signal reconstructed in wavelet packet decomposition, the instantaneous phase function of the subcomponent is extracted. In order to improve the precise of IF estimated out, some means such as Linear regression, adaptive filtering, resampling are applied into the instantaneous phase obtained, then, the central differencing operator is used to get desired IF. Simulation results with synthetic and gearbox fault signals are included to illustrate the proposed method.     

平面应变颈缩扩展与剪切断裂的数值模拟

采用虚功率增率有限元法及Ｊ２形变理论，模拟韧性金属平面应变颈缩扩展，剪切断裂演化过程。运用载荷控制的自动识别方法以及各增量步间Ｅｕｌｅｒ控制方法，实现了均匀变形与非均匀变形临界状态的稳定过渡，采用本构方程的Ｅｕｌｅｒ显式积分，对Ｊ２形变理论塑性加载与弹性卸载的不连续性进行了改进，保证了变形局部化模拟过程的可靠性，最后，讨论了不同硬化指数及初始几何不均匀性对局部化力学行为的影响。     

The effect of basic nitrogen compounds on the tribological performance of sulphurised olefin

The effect of the molecular structure of basic nitrogen compounds on the lubricating properties of sulphurised olefin has been investigated using a Timken tester. X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) and Energy Dispersive X-ray Analysis (EDAX) were used to study the chemical states of sulphur and nitrogen on the rubbed surfaces and the reaction rates of sulphur and iron separately. It was found that the antiwear and friction reduction properties of sulphurised olefin are greatly influenced by the different molecular structures of the basic nitrogen compounds. A composite additive package containing basic nitrogen compounds with sulphurised olefin can produce either synergistic or antagonistic effects, due to the influence of the different molecular structures of the basic nitrogen compounds. XPS analysis revealed that a tribochemical protective film containing nitrogen and sulphur was formed on the rubbed surface. EDAX analysis indicated that the reaction rates between elemental sulphur and iron were influenced by the different molecular structures of the basic nitrogen compounds. It was found that the apparent reaction rates of elemental sulphur and iron are related to the tribological characteristics of the additive package.