MIMO系统中基于SLNR的用户调度准则

多用户MIMO系统中,基于SLNR（signal-to-leakage-and-noise,信漏噪比）的预编码方案能够同时考虑噪声和信号泄漏问题,不但提高了系统性能,同时降低了系统的复杂度,但要求基站同时服务的数据流数之和不得大于其发射天线数. 因此,当用户数较多时,需要进行用户调度. 基于SLNR的用户调度准则只需要知道其他用户的信道信息,并能够合理的选择用户,通过仿真得知,该调度准则能够使系统获得良好的性能.     

Optimal user scheduling and power control in multi-user cognitive broadcast systems

Cognitive radio systems should not only have the ability to sense and exploit "frequency spectrum holes",but also the ability to sense and utilize "spatial spectrum holes".In this paper,we consider the issue of maximizing the throughput of the cognitive systems by fully utilizing "spatial spectrum holes" brought in by multiple cognitive users,in the scenario where a pair of licensed users and a cognitive broadcast system share multiple spectrum bands.By exploiting the channel reciprocity under the premise that the licensed system adopts the time-division-duplexing (TDD) mode,we propose a more practical cognitive access scheme that can sense the interference at the licensed user caused by the cognitive transmitter,based on the existing feedback signals from the licensed user to the licensed base station.Taking both interferences from the licensed base station to the cognitive receiver and from the cognitive transmitter to the licensed user into consideration,we investigate the optimal user scheduling and power allocation scheme that can maximize the ergodic sum rate of the cognitive system.We show that scheduling the user whose channel gain to interference and noise ratio (CGINR) is the largest for each frequency band is optimal.We also derive the dynamic power allocation scheme meeting the three practical constraints,i.e.,the transmitter’s average transmission power constraint,the power amplifier’s instantaneous transmission power constraint,and the interference power constraint at the licensed user.The result shows that in different coherent time intervals and different frequency bands,the power allocation has a multi-level waterfilling structure.Theoretical analysis shows that the strategy scheduling user with the largest CGINR introduces significant performance improvement compared with the traditional strategy scheduling user with the largest channel gain to noise ratio (CGNR).We also illustrate the impact of power constraints and the number of users on system performance by simulation.     

Adaptive sensing scheduling for cognitive radio systems

In cognitive radio (CR) systems, the efficiency of primary user (PU) detection scheme directly affects the system performance. In this paper, we propose an adaptive sensing scheduling scheme for CR networks with a central controller, which is based on the partially observable Markov decision process (POMDP) framework. With the proposed scheme, the CR system detects the PU activation by using one or more energy detections followed by zero or one feature detection, and protects the PU by using the channel switching. In the proposed scheme, the energy/feature detections and the channel switching are adaptively scheduled according to the number of active CR nodes, the received signal power from a PU, and the degree of noise uncertainty. Simulation results show that the proposed scheme provides very high maximum channel utilization to CR nodes while protecting the PU effectively, under time-varying network environment.     

信道估计误差条件下异构蜂窝网的安全传输方案

针对异构蜂窝网提出了一种信道估计误差条件下的安全传输方案。首先,依据信道估计结果设计安全发射门限,通过比较接收信干噪比和安全发射门限的大小实现发射控制;然后,应用随机几何工具对所提方案的安全性能进行分析;在此基础上以最大化系统安全吞吐量为目标设计了安全发射门限优化算法,由此得到当前信道估计条件下最优的安全发射门限。仿真验证了所提方案可有效提升系统的安全吞吐量。     

空间相关信道下大规模MU-MISO系统频谱效率分析

针对大规模MU-MISO系统中频谱效率受信道和功率分配的影响,研究在空间相关信道下的频谱效率问题。首先通过发射信号的波程差确定导向矩阵得出用户发射相关矩阵,并结合大尺度阴影衰落和具有高斯分布的散射环境,建立空间相关信道;然后基于空间相关信道,通过预编码减少多用户之间的干扰,并仿真预编码对频谱效率的影响;最后在发射功率受限、各用户接收信号具有一定信干比场景下提出一种功率分配算法,使得系统的频谱效率总和最大化。仿真结果表明,在空间相关信道下RZF预编码的频谱效率优于MRT预编码频谱效率;与平均功率分配方式相比,提出的算法在频谱效率有了明显的提升,并具有较强的理论价值和实践意义。     

自适应MIMO系统在反馈延时下的性能分析

为了提高无线通信系统的频谱利用率,提出一种简单而实用的开环自适应MIMO系统,利用最优贪婪调度算法,在多用户分集和多天线分集的作用下,有效地改善系统的性能.推导了在反馈存在延时的信道条件下频谱效率和中断概率的闭合表达式、分析了发射天线数、重传、用户数以及延时对系统整体性能的影响.     

基于多对一Gale-Shapley算法的D2D通信资源分配

针对D2D通信复用异构蜂窝网络上行信道产生的干扰问题和频谱资源优化问题进行研究,提出一种基于多对一Gale-Shapley算法的D2D通信资源分配方案。本方案允许多个D2D用户共享一个蜂窝用户信道资源,通过设置信干噪比（SINR）门限保证用户的通信服务质量（QOS）。根据信道分配情况,构建D2D用户和信道的偏好列表,最大化系统总容量。仿真结果表明,该方案收敛较快,复杂度较低,能够有效保证用户的通信服务质量,系统总容量接近最优解。本研究为实现D2D用户和蜂窝用户的频谱资源共享,提高频谱利用率提供了一种有效方案。     

Sub-channel shared resource allocation for multi-user distributed MIMO-OFDM systems

Well-controlled resource allocation is crucial for promoting the performance of multiple input multiple output orthogonal frequency division multiplexing （MIMO-OFDM） systems. Recent studies have focused primarily on traditional centralized systems or distributed antenna systems （DASs）, and usually assumed that one sub-carrier or sub-channel is exclusively occupied by one user. To promote system performance, we propose a sub-channel shared resource allocation algorithm for multiuser distributed MIMO-OFDM systems. Each sub-channel can be shared by multiple users in the algorithm, which is different from previous algorithms. The algorithm assumes that each user communicates with only two best ports in the system. On each sub-carrier, it allocates a sub-channel in descending order, which means one sub-channel that can minimize signal to leakage plus noise ratio （SLNR） loss is deleted until the number of remaining sub-channels is equal to that of receiving antennas. If there are still sub-channels after all users are processed, these sub-channels will be allocated to users who can maximize the SLNR gain. Simulations show that compared to other algorithms, our proposed algorithm has better capacity performance and enables the system to provide service to more users under the same capacity constraints.     

An open‐loop digital predistorter based on memory polynomial inverses for linearization of RF power amplifier

Digital Predistorter is a cost‐effective solution to compensate for the nonlinear distortions appearing in the RF power amplifiers (PAs). The indirect learning scheme is widely implemented because of its flexibility to eliminate the requirement for building a closed‐loop real time system, which dramatically reduces the complexity for measurement setup. However, such scheme is sensitive to the measurement noise that may cause biasing in the coefficients estimation. To minimize the influence of measurement noise and simultaneously enable the open‐loop implementation, we propose a predistortion technique that first model the PA and then generates predistorted signal iteratively through a feedback configured structure to avoid using the noisy signal when performing the inverse model estimation. Unlike the indirect learning which estimates the postinverse of the PA, our predistortion is based on the preinverse of the PA. Both simulations and measurements show that utilizing the proposed predistortion can obtain adjacent channel power ratio (ACPR) improvement in wideband code division multiple access (WCDMA) signal test compared with the conventional memory polynomial predistortion based on indirect learning. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J RF and Microwave CAE, 2011.     

多输入多输出—非正交多址接入系统融合用户调度的下行波束赋形设计

针对多输入多输出—非正交多址接入（MIMO-NOMA）技术中用户间干扰较大的问题，提出了一种融合用户调度的波束赋形（BF）算法。首先，在进行用户调度时，为了同时兼顾簇内用户干扰和簇间用户干扰，根据各用户信道的差异性，利用L1-范数正则化方法对所有用户分组情况进行初步稀疏化处理，进而从各用户信道相关性角度出发，将信道相关性大的两个用户分为一簇；其次，结合部分发射功率控制（FTPC）策略实现簇内用户功率分配；最后，根据和速率最大化准则构建一目标优化函数，进而利用连续凸逼近（SCA）算法对其进行求解，以获得波束赋形矩阵。理论分析和链路仿真表明，与传统的正交多址接入技术相比，在系统容量方面实现了84.3%的提升；与传统的相关性用户分簇方法相比，在公平性方面实现了20.2%的提升。实验结果表明，该方案不仅有效地抑制了簇内用户干扰和簇间用户干扰，同时，又保证了用户间的公平性。     

基于有限反馈机会波束的无线传感器网络

无线传感器网络中的传感器要把被监测的数据有效地传输到远端的收集器,且其节点的能量有限,为了提高衰落无线信道中无线传感器网络通信的有效性,提出基于有限反馈机会波束的无线传感器网络,基站设置多天线,传感器节点设置单天线,构成MISO系统,在每一时隙基站选择处于峰值状态的传感器节点进行通信。设置反馈门限,当传感器节点的接收信干噪比大于反馈门限时,对信干噪比进行量化,再将量化电平反馈给基站;否则,无需进行量化和反馈。以吞吐量最大化为原则设定最佳反馈门限和量化电平,在瑞利块衰落信道中对系统进行仿真,结果表明:随着节点数的增加,该系统的反馈数可降至传统模拟反馈的1%以下,大大降低了反馈量,提高了系统的效率和节点能量利用率。     

On the exploitation of CDF based wireless scheduling

Channel-aware scheduling strategies – such as the CDF scheduler (CS) algorithm – provide an effective mechanism for utilizing the channel data rate for improving throughput performance in wireless data networks by exploiting channel fluctuations. A highly desired property of such a scheduling strategy is that its algorithm is stable, in the sense that no user has incentive “cheating” the algorithm in order to increase his/hers channel share (on the account of others). Considering a single user we show that no such user can increase his/hers channel share by misreporting the channel capacity. In contrast, considering a group of users, we present a scheme by which coordination allows them to gain permanent increase in both their time slots share and in their throughput at the expense of others, by misreporting their rates. We show that for large populations consisting of regular and coordinated users in equal numbers, the ratio of allocated time slots between a coordinated and a regular user converges to e − 1 ≈ 1.7. Our scheme targets the very fundamental principle of CS (as opposed to just attacking implementation aspects), which bases its scheduling decisions on the Cumulative Distribution Function (CDF) of the channel rates reported by users. Our scheme works both for the continuous channel spectrum and the discrete channel spectrum versions of the problem. Finally, we outline a modified CDF scheduler immune to such attacks.     

A genetic approach for downlink packet scheduling in HSDPA system

High speed downlink packet access (HSDPA) system currently under development in 3rd generation partnership project (3GPP) [1] employs number of parallel shared channels and adaptive modulation and coding scheme (MCS) to enable a high rate packet data transfer from base station (Node-B) to user equipment (UE). To decide how to share the available radio channel capacity amongst the active UEs, a packet scheduling and channel assignment algorithms are employed at Node B. Packet scheduling techniques such as max carrier to interference ratio (C/I) or round robin (RR) fails to take into account all the aspects of the quality of service (QoS) provisioning. In this paper, the fundamentals genetic algorithms and conventional wireless scheduling techniques are combined and the weaknesses of the existing known techniques are exploited to propose a novel hybrid genetic packet scheduler (HGPS) for the HSDPA system. A combination of random and intelligent diversity of population and comparative nature of the selection process of genetic engine contribute to its robustness. The proposed HGPS outperforms Max C/I packet scheduler in terms of total delivered throughput within low delay thresholds. Unlike conventional packet scheduling technique HGPS does not rely only on the current or past status of the scheduling process. By treating the possible solutions as points in a search space, the proposed HGPS through a genetically guided search visits and examines the possible solutions and estimates the impact of each these solution on overall performance of system in terms of fairness, throughput or QoS without actually performing a transmission. Subsequently, the solution that achieves the best estimated overall performance is chosen for the actual transmission. By means of computer simulation, performance of the HGPS algorithm is characterized in Rayleigh fading and shadowing radio channel conditions. The impact of imperfect reporting on the performance of HSDPA system is evaluated. We examine the joint impact of reporting latency, imperfect channel estimation and the corruption of reports in the feedback channel on the performance. It is shown that the proposed class of intelligent parallel random schedulers is highly robust against the imperfect reports from UEs. Acknowledgment The authors would like to acknowledge the valuable assistance provided by Mr Pierre Coulon of Fujitsu Laboratories of Europe Ltd.This work was presented in part at IEEE WPMC’2002, and will be presented in part at IEEE IST’2003.     

一种多用户MIMO系统中有限反馈预编码算法及性能分析

多用户多输入多输出(MIMO)系统中,用户可以通过反馈的方式把信道状态信息(CSI)传递给基站,基站利用该CSI进行预编码或者用户调度,可以有效地提取复用增益。但是传统的反馈方式,反馈量太大,占用过多上行资源。针对收发都是多天线条件的多用户MIMO系统,提出一种基于Grassmannian码本的有限反馈预编码方法,通过对用户信道矩阵进行量化,每个用户仅仅需要反馈一个序号而不是信道矩阵,从而大大减少了反馈量。通过对系统误码率(BER)和吞吐率的仿真,表明了该方法能保证系统性能。同时,由于信道估计存在误差,量化过程存在误差,所以,分析了信道矩阵误差对于新方法性能的影响,得到了系统吞吐率同信道矩阵误差的方差,以及基站发射功率三者的关系,并通过仿真进行验证,从而为评估信道估计和量化过程的优劣提供了理论依据。     

User scheduling for downlink FD-MIMO systems under Rician fading exploiting statistical CSI

In this paper, we consider the user scheduling algorithm for downlink full-dimension multipleinput multiple-output (FD-MIMO) system under Rician fading channels. We assume that two-dimensional (2D) large-scale antenna array is deployed at base station (BS). An approximation of user’s signal-tointerference- plus-noise ratio (SINR) and a lower bound of user’s average signal-to-leakage-plus-noise ratio (SLNR) are derived. Based on these, two user scheduling algorithms exploiting only statistical channel state information (CSI) are proposed. The proposed algorithms take both the achievable sum rate and fairness into account. Simulation results reveal that the proposed user scheduling algorithms can make good trade-off between the achievable rate and fairness.     

基于超混沌Lorenz系统的自适应异步抗噪声保密通信方案

针对非实时通信对安全性要求高且信道中存在噪声的问题,提出了基于超混沌掩盖调制的自适应异步抗噪声保密通信方案。通信原理是由超混沌Lorenz系统生成四个状态变量的伪随机向量,并通过信号增益将它们调整到同一区间;再由分段线性混沌映射（PWLCM）生成两个向量,用于在四个状态变量之间随机切换选取和确定动态时滞步长,以生成载体信号;然后将预编码后的二进制信息成对掩盖到载体信号中,添加高斯噪声后发送出去。实验结果分析发现最小信号增益和噪声系数的比值稳定在一个小区间[0.08,0.11]内,如果把该比值设置成某个大于该区间上限的值,则比特误码率可达到零,因此接收端可在噪声信道中接收并完美恢复出被掩盖信号。该方案利用超混沌系统的非线性动力学特性,能够在噪声信道中自适应实现异步保密通信,数值仿真验证了其有效性。     

一种基于调度的VOD系统的研究与实现

传统的视频点播(Video-On-Demand，VOD)系统中，服务器为每个用户请求分配一个独立的信道。这样过多的用户经常会造成系统的服务器I/O带宽或网络带宽的瓶颈。对服务器信道调度方案的设计是缓解这一瓶颈问题的一种有效方法。介绍了一种采用了可控多播(Controlled Multieast，CM)信道调度方案的系统的实现。测试结果表明，该系统可以节约带宽，增大视频点播服务的用户数目，较好地缓解传统VOD系统中的服务器I/O或网络带宽瓶颈问题。     

基于可信度的加权协作频谱检测算法

协作频谱检测技术可以有效解决认知无线网络本地检测存在的信道衰落、隐藏终端等问题。论文研究了加权协作频谱检测技术,提出一种基于可信度的协作频谱检测算法。每个感知节点基于最大最小值特征值检测完成本地频谱检测,并与融合中心的全局检测结果进行比较估计各自感知节点的频谱检测可信度;融合中心利用切尾平均法计算参与频谱协作检测的可信度门限,并选择可信度大于门限的感知节点参与协作频谱检测。该算法有效降低了认知网络协作检测的复杂性,提高了频谱检测性能,在噪声波动环境下具有良好的鲁棒性。仿真结果表明,算法频谱检测性能要优于其它加权算法1~3 dB,节省系统开销43.75%左右。     

基于信道估计的物理层安全多天线选择功率分配方案

针对多天线选择方案提高物理层安全的研究中信道已知条件的设定过于理想这一问题,提出利用导频信号估计主信道并进行多天线选择的方案。首先,接收端发送导频信号供发射端进行主信道估计;然后发射端利用估计的信道状态信息选出多根天线并进行功率分配;最后推导所提方案的保密容量并设计仿真实例。结果表明,所提方案在估计误差条件下达成了低信噪比时的非零保密容量,且接收方误码率随信噪比增大急剧减小至10-4,而窃听方的误码率保持较高,验证了所提方案的有效性和可行性。