冷冻干燥法制备氢氧化铜纳米粉

以无机化合物硫酸铜和氢氧化钠为原料,选取铜氨配合物为前驱体,用冷冻干燥法制备出粒径比较均匀、形状规则、无团聚、非晶态的氢氧化铜纳米粉,并进行了TEM、SEM、DTA和EDS检测．分析了制备过程与纳米粉体品质之间的关系．     

共沉淀法制备A1(OH)3-Y(OH)3/ZrB2复合粉体的热力学形成条件研究

由于ZrB2的独特晶体结构,使其兼有金属和陶瓷的许多优异的物理和化学性能,因此在许多领域得到广泛应用.本文利用共沉淀法制备Al(OH)3-Y(OH)3/ZrB2复合粉体,并研究其形成热力学条件.经过热力学计算并用实验验证得出:ZrB2悬浮液的pH值必须大于8.3,才符合Al3+与Y3+共沉淀所需热力学条件;当ZrB2悬浮液的pH值为9时,Al (OH)3-Y(OH)3/ZrB2复合粉体的壳-核结构最好.在溶液浓度较低的情况下,可以获得具有理想壳-核结构的Al (OH)3-Y(OH)3/ZrB2复合粉体,即c(Al3+) =0.017mol/L,c( Y3+) =0.010mol/L,分别接近于Al( NO3)3和Y(NO3)3浓度的热力学条件计算拟定值,即:0.012 60mol/L和0.007 56mol/L.     

镍酸锂前驱体--球形Ni(OH)2的制备工艺研究

采用氨络合液相沉淀法制备球形Ni（OH）2，SEM检测样品晶粒形貌，XRD物相分析。制各过程中考察的主要影响因素包括反应物浓度、反应温度、搅拌速度等。确定的参数为：NiSO4的浓度0．5mol／L，NaOH的浓度lmol／L，氨水的浓度1molfL，水浴温度控制在60℃，搅拌速度1100r／min，样品的干燥温度为100℃。     

Effect of 1,25 (OH)2 vitamin D3 on glomerulosclerosis in subtotally nephrectomized rats

In the past, there has been considerable concern that treatment with active vitamin D might accelerate progression independent of hypercalcemia and hypercalcuria. Nevertheless, 1,25(OH)2D3 has known antiproliferative properties and has also been shown to inhibit renal growth. Since glomerular growth is a permissive factor for the development of glomerulosclerosis, we reasoned that 1,25(OH)2D3 might even attenuate progression. To test this working hypothesis we performed two experiments of 8 and 16 weeks duration, respectively, to compare subtotally nephrectomized (SNX) rats treated with ethanol and SNX treated with 1,25(OH)2D3. Control animals were sham operated and pair-fed with SNX animals. 1,25(OH)2D3 (3 ng/100 g body wt/day) was administered by osmotic minipump. 1,25(OH)2D3 had no significant effect on systolic blood pressure and only a transient effect on weight gain. SNX reduced the number of glomeruli (left kidney) from an average of 3.3 x 10(4) to 1.2 x 10(4) per kidney. Mean glomerular volume was 3.87 +/- 0.71 x 10(6) microns 3 in sham operated animals and significantly (P < 0.05) higher (10.1 +/- 1.75 x 10(6) microns 3) in untreated animals 16 weeks after SNX. Glomerular volume was significantly (P < 0.05) less in 1,25(OH)2D3 treated SNX [10.1 +/- 1.75 in ethanol vs. 7.04 +/- 1.78 in 1,25(OH)2D3 treated SNX]. In parallel, there was significantly (P < 0.01) less glomerulosclerosis [glomerulosclerosis index 1.16 +/- 0.14 in the ethanol treated SNX vs. 0.80 +/- 0.16 in SNX treated with 1,25(OH)2D3] in the eight week experiment. Albuminuria was significantly (P < 0.01) lower in 1,25(OH)2D3 treated than in ethanol treated SNX (mean 0.785 mg/24 hr, range 0.43 to 1.80, vs. 3.75 mg/24 hr, 1.29 to 14.2). The morphological data were directionally analogous in a second 16 week experiment. Only slight changes of the vascular sclerosis index and tubulointerstitial index were seen in SNX and were not affected by 1,25(OH)2D3 further. To prove that the effect of 1,25(OH)2D3 was independent of PTH, parathyreoidectomized SNX rats without or with 1,25(OH)2D3 treatment were examined seven days post-SNX. PCNA staining showed suppression of cell proliferation. Furthermore, in situ hybridization for transforming growth factor-B (TGF-beta) showed less vascular and tubular expression in 1,25(OH)2D3 treated rats. We conclude that 1,25(OH)2D3 has antiproliferative actions during the compensatory growth of nephrons in response to subtotal nephrectomy. These effects are independent of PTH. The data document that 1,25(OH)2D3 reduces renal cell proliferation and glomerular growth as well as glomerulosclerosis and albuminuria as indicators of progressive glomerular damage.     

纳米氢氧化镁制备技术研究

以氯化镁和氢氧化钠为原料，通过水热法合成了纳米级、片状、粒度均匀的氢氧化镁。考察了反应温度、反应时间、镁离子初始反应浓度以及镁离子与氢氧根离子的摩尔比对氢氧化镁粒度和形貌的影响，得出了制备纳米氢氧化镁的最佳条件。研究成果为纳米级氢氧化镁下一步的深入研究打下了良好的基础。     

氢氧化铝包覆膨润土除氟效果的研究

研究了用AlCl3包覆后膨润土除氟的性能和适宜条件。结果表明,该膨润土对氟离子有良好的吸附效果,实验条件下吸附率最高可达96.5%,酸性环境有利于吸附过程进行。在25℃,pH为4的条件下,绘制了氟离子初始浓度分别为5,10,20 mg.L-1时平衡浓度降至国家饮用水含氟标准(0.5~1.0 mg.L-1)所需土样用量曲线及吸附等温线,平衡浓度低于1.0 mg.L-1的土样用量分别约为0.096 g.20 mL-1,0.28 g.20 mL-1和0.50 g.20 mL-1,吸附过程可以用Freundlich型吸附等温线进行较好拟合。此膨润土有较好的耐酸性,吸附过程不会导致二次污染,具有较好的实际应用前景。     

微晶氢氧化镍粉末的制备及性能

采用化学沉淀法制备氢氧化镍粉末,通过正交试验和单因素试验,得到反应的最佳工艺条件。以XRD和SEM分析了氢氧化镍粉体的相结构和形貌。结果表明,所制得的样品为-βNi(OH)2。对样品进行恒流充放电电化学性能测试表明,样品具有较好的放电性能,适合于作镍氢电池的正极材料。