Using biochemically purified water at coke plants

The use of biochemically purified water in place of industrial-grade water for the exhaust-gas scrubbers in the drying department of the coal-enrichment shop and for irrigation of the cyclone washers in the coke shops at OAO ZSMK is considered. It is found that biochemically purified water may be used for 100% of the water needs in coke production. Using biochemically purified water in the dust-trapping equipment, the coaland coke-dust content of the atmospheric emissions may be reduced by 24.5%. Additional purification of wastewater by adsorption on coke and coal dust is possible.     

Surfactant properties of biochemically purified coke-plant wastewater

The influence of biochemically purified wastewater on the wettability of coal and coke dust and the ease of scale removal from slurry pipes is considered.     

Characterization and Purification of Kinase Activities against Arabidopsis COP9 Signalosome Subunit 7

The COP9 signalosome (CSN) is a multisubunit protein complex that intersects the ubiquitin (Ub)–proteasome pathway at several junctions. The CSN associates with several protein kinases that target key regulatory proteins that themselves are targets for Ub-dependent degradation, and several subunits themselves are phosphoproteins. We previously reported that Arabidopsis CSN7 is a phosphoprotein. To identify the kinases responsible for CSN7 phosphorylation, we biochemically purified CSN7-kinsae activities from cauliflower through a four-step purification procedure that resulted in a ca. 300-fold enrichment. One of these activities is Ca²⁺ dependent, while the second is not. Peptide fingerprint analysis of the purified proteins identified three putative CSN7 kinases.     

Improving protein solubility through rationally designed amino acid replacements: solubilization of the trimethoprim-resistant type S1 dihydrofolate reductase

In recent years resistance to the antibacterial agent trimethoprim(Tmp) has become more widespread and several Tmp-resistant (Tmp^rdihydrofolate reductases (DHFRs) have been described from Gram-negativebacteria. In staphylococci, however, only one Tmp^r DHFR (typeS1 DHFR) has been found so far, and this is located on transposonTn4003. To help understand the mechanism of resistance, we areinterested in determining the 3-D structure of the recombinantenzyme produced in Escherichia coli. However, the productionlevel of the type S1 DHFR was very low and >95% of the totalrecombinant protein accumulated in inclusion bodies. Furthermore,as a result of an internal start of translation, a truncatedderivative of the enzyme that copurified with the full-lengthenzyme was produced. We were able to increase the expressionlevel 20-fold by changing 18 N-terminal codons and to eliminatethe internal start of translation. In addition, through molecularmodelling and subsequent site-directed mutagenesis to replacetwo amino acids, we constructed a biochemically similar butsoluble derivative of the type SI DHFR that, after productionin E.coli, resulted in a 264-fold increase in DHFR activity.The highly overproduced enzyme was purified to homogeneity,characterized biochemically and crystallized.     

Reverse prenyltransferase in the biosynthesis of fumigaclavine C in Aspergillus fumigatus: gene expression, purification, and characterization of fumigaclavine C synthase FGAPT1

A putative prenyltransferase gene-fgaPT1-has been identified in the biosynthetic gene cluster of fumigaclavines in Aspergillus fumigatus AF293. The gene was cloned and overexpressed in Escherichia coli, and the His6-fusion FgaPT1 was purified to near homogeneity and characterized biochemically. The enzyme was found to convert fumigaclavine A into fumigaclavine C by attaching a dimethylallyl moiety to C-2 of the indole nucleus in a "reverse" manner, that is, by connection of C-3 of the dimethylallyl moiety to an aromatic nucleus. FgaPT1 is a soluble, dimeric protein with a subunit size of 50 kDa. K m(app) values for fumigaclavine A and dimethylallyl diphosphate were determined to be 6 and 13 microM, respectively, while the turnover number was 0.8 s(-1). Metal ions such as Mg2+ and Ca2+ are not essential for the enzymatic activity. FgaPT1 showed relatively strict substrate specificity towards fumigaclavine A, with only dimethylallyl diphosphate being accepted as a donor under our conditions. FgaPT1 is the first reverse prenyltransferase from fungi to have been purified and characterized in homogenous form after heterologous overproduction. Surprisingly, it shows very low sequence similarity to the recently identified prenyltransferase LtxC from cyanobacteria, which also catalyzes the reverse prenylation of an indole nucleus.     

单烷基磷酸酯的提纯工艺研究

以工业纯单烷基磷酸酯为原料,通过中和处理使磷酸酯生成既难溶于水、也难溶于有机溶剂的单烷基磷酸酯单钠盐,从而分别通过有机溶剂和水除去相应的残余醇、残余酸杂质,再将其还原成单烷基磷酸酯,最后经常规工艺萃取、蒸馏、干燥等,从而达到提纯的目的。该工艺所生产的单烷基磷酸酯残余酸的质量分数<1.0%、残余醇的质量分数<1.0%。     

一级RO-EDI工艺在制药纯化水制备中的应用

天津市某医药公司以自来水为水源,采用过滤-软化-RO-EDI-循环杀菌的方式制取纯化水。经过2年的现场运行,RO装置和EDI装置的脱盐率依然能达到97%左右,产水量稳定,产水水质满足制药纯化水要求,一级RO-EDI工艺在制药行业纯化水制备中具有处理效果好、运行稳定、运行成本低等优点。     

小儿氨酚烷胺颗粒中马来酸氯苯那敏含量均匀度研究

研究了提高小儿氨酚烷胺颗粒中马来酸氯苯那敏含量均匀度的工艺方法。对小儿氨酚烷胺颗粒处方中纯化水量、湿混时间、纯化水温度这3个因素采用正交试验的方法进行统计学研究。实验通过优化处方中纯化水量(A)、湿混时间(B)、纯化水温度(C)取得最佳工艺参数,最佳组合为(A2,B1,C2),即纯化水用量为3.8 L,湿混时间为8 min,纯化水温度为40～45℃。结果表明,该制备方法提高了小儿氨酚烷胺颗粒马来酸氯苯那敏含量均匀度,优化了制备工艺,提高了产品质量,提高了生产效率。     

水体中苯胺类化合物测定方法的改进

本文分别利用活性炭吸附、三氯甲烷萃取和前两种方法联用对显色剂 N-(1 -萘基 )乙二胺进行了提纯 ,从而使水体中苯胺类化合物测定方法的显色时间由 1 2 0 min(未提纯法 )缩短至 90 min(经三种方法提纯 ) ,显色剂溶液的稳定性有了明显的提高 ,测定方法的精密度得到了显著的改善 ,同时检出限也由 0 .3 0 mg/L (未提纯法 )分别降至 0 .0 48mg/L (活性炭吸附提纯法 )、0 .0 59mg/L(三氯甲烷萃取提纯法 )和 0 .0 3 1 mg/L(两种方法联用提纯法 ) ,用经三种方法提纯后的显色剂溶液测定水样中的苯胺 ,测定结果均令人满意     

反渗透浓水对污水生化处理系统影响研究

采用反渗透排放的浓水作为冲厕生活用水,对冲厕后的浓水进行生化处理实验,实验结果表明:当反渗透排出的浓水电导率在1500微西以下时,对生化系统中的微生物没有影响,实验为化工生产污水零排放、循环经济提供了科学依据.     

某企业园区水环境综合治理工程

某机械加工企业园区建设不同途径水环境综合治理工程,采用生物流化床、人工湿地等技术对企业生产废水和生活污水进行处理和生态净化,对收集到的雨水进行过滤净化。生产废水、生活污水和雨水经处理后达到GB/T 18921—2002《城市污水再生利用景观环境用水水质》要求后,回用于景观湖给水。该工程的建设减少了企业污染物的排放,节约水资源,实现了水资源的再利用。     

Nanofiltration and reverse osmosis of model process waters fromthe dairy industry to produce water for reuse

In dairy plants the process waters generated during the starting, equilibrating, interrupting and rinsing steps contribute to the production of effluents. They correspond to milk products (milk, whey, cream) diluted with water without chemicals. The treatment of these dairy process waters by nanofiltration (NF) or reverse osmosis (RO) operations was proposed to concentrate dairy matter and to produce purified water for reuse in the dairy plant. The study reports one-stage and two-stage (NF + RO and RO + RO) spiral-wound membrane treatments with five model process waters representative of the main composition variations observed in dairies. Performances (permeate flux, milk components rejection, purified water characteristics) of the different operations were compared. Discussion was focused on the comparison between quality of produced waters and vapour condensates (from product drying and evaporation processes) reused in dairy plants. Accordingly, both total organic carbon (TOC) and conductivity of water treated by a single RO or NF + RO operations were convenient for reuse as heating, cooling, cleaning and boiler feed water. With the two-stage RO + RO process, a more purified water complying with the TOC drinking water limit was achieved.     

Discovery and Characterization of a Baeyer-Villiger Monooxygenase Using Sequence Similarity Network Analysis

Baeyer-Villiger monooxygenases (BVMOs) are important flavin-dependent enzymes which perform oxygen insertion reactions leading to valuable products. As reported in many studies, BVMOs are usually unstable during application, preventing a wider usage in biocatalysis. Here, we discovered a novel NADPH-dependent BVMO which originates from Halopolyspora algeriensis using sequence similarity networks (SSNs). The enzyme is stable at temperatures between 10 °C to 30 °C up to five days after the purification, and yields the normal ester product. In this study, the substrate scope was investigated for a broad range of aliphatic ketones and the enzyme was biochemically characterized to identify optimum reaction conditions. The best substrate (86 % conversion) was 2-dodecanone using purified enzyme. This novel BVMO could potentially be applied as part of an enzymatic cascade or in bioprocesses which utilize aliphatic alkanes as feedstock.     

双歧啤酒对肥胖大鼠的减肥作用及其机制

目的探讨双歧啤酒对肥胖大鼠的减肥作用及其机制。方法通过喂食高脂饲料,建立肥胖大鼠模型。将模型大鼠随机分成双歧啤酒组(饮用双歧啤酒)、市售啤酒组(饮用市售啤酒)、肥胖组(饮用纯净水)3组,另设正常对照组(饮用纯净水),每组10只。4组大鼠均喂食4周基础饲料后处死,检测各组体重、体脂、食物利用率(FE)、血葡萄糖(GLU)、血总胆固醇(TCHO)、甘油三酯(TG)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)、血瘦素(Leptin)和血胰岛素(Insulin)水平以及粪便双歧杆菌活菌的含量。结果与肥胖组相比,双歧啤酒组大鼠的腹膜后脂肪/体重、TG和GLU水平均明显下降,粪便双歧杆菌的含量明显增加,而市售啤酒组与肥胖组相比,上述指标均无显著性变化,且双歧啤酒组大鼠的腹膜后脂肪/体重、GLU和胰岛素水平与正常组大鼠相比,差异无统计学意义。结论双歧啤酒能够促进大鼠肠道双歧杆菌的增长,调节脂肪贮存和糖、脂代谢。     

CdpNPT, an N-prenyltransferase from Aspergillus fumigatus: overproduction, purification and biochemical characterisation

A putative prenyltransferase gene, cdpNPT, was identified in the genome sequence of Aspergillus fumigatus by a homology search by using known prenyltransferases and sequence analysis. CdpNPT consists of 440 amino acids and has a molecular mass of about 50 kDa. The coding sequence of cdpNPT was cloned in pQE60 and overexpressed in E. coli. The soluble His(6)-fusion CdpNPT was purified to near homogeneity and characterised biochemically. The enzyme showed broad substrate specificity towards aromatic substrates and was found to catalyse the prenylation of tryptophan-containing cyclic dipeptides at N1 of the indole moieties in the presence of dimethylallyl diphosphate (DMAPP); geranyl diphosphate was not accepted as prenyl donor. The structures of the enzymatic products were elucidated by NMR and MS analysis. The K(m) value for DMAPP was determined to be 650 microM. Due to substrate inhibition, K(m) values could not be obtained for the aromatic substrates. CdpNPT does not need divalent metal ions for its enzymatic reaction, although Ca(2+) enhances the reaction velocity by up to the threefold. CdpNPT is the first N-prenyltransferase that has been purified and characterised in a homogenous form after heterologous overproduction. Interestingly, it shows significant sequence similarity to other indole prenyltransferases that catalyse the formation of C--C bonds.     

土壤、水和小麦中除草剂氯氟吡氧乙酸残留检测前处理方法

建立了高效液相色谱(HPLC)法测定水、土壤和小麦中除草剂氯氟吡氧乙酸残留量的分析方法.水样直接用LC-18同相萃取小柱分离、净化和富集;采用乙酸乙酯/石油醚(体积比2:1)振荡提取,磺化法净化,测定土壤中氯氟吡氧乙酸残留量;以乙腈/水(体积比4:1)为提取剂,氟罗里硅土固相萃取小柱分离、净化,测定小麦样品中氯氟吡氧乙酸的残留量.结果表明:HPLC法检测氯氟吡氧乙酸的线性范围为0.5～20.0 mg/L,决定系数产r2=0.9997,最低检测质量浓度为0.01 mg/L.水样的加标回收率为91.8%～93.9%,相对标准偏差为0.7%～1.2%;土壤的加标回收率为90.1%～94.1%,相对标准偏差为1.0%～1.9%;小麦的加标回收率为93.5%～94.9%,相对标准偏差为4.2%～5.4%.     

精对苯二甲酸氧化残渣中苯甲酸的分离回收

针对厦门翔鹭石化公司精对苯二甲酸(PTA)生产装置直接外排的PTA氧化残渣,分析了其成分及组成;采用水萃取法和升华法2种回收方法来回收FTA氧化残渣中的苯甲酸,并考察了其影响因素.采用水萃取法最终产品得率为23.90%,纯度为90.74%;采用升华法最终产品得率为90.93%,纯度接近100%.     

管道分质供水水质pH值的调整方法研究

应用反渗透或纳滤膜技术过滤处理的管道分质供水,其pH值呈弱酸性而非弱碱性。采用广州某地产出的天然碳酸盐矿石,对改善管道分质供水水质的pH值进行了研究。实验结果表明,所用的三种矿石对管道分质供水水质的pH值都具有明显的改善效果,溶入量6～8mg/L,可将管道分质供水pH值从5.5提高到的7～7.5。     

连续流动分析仪测定炼厂净化水中挥发酚

利用连续流动分析仪测定酚标准溶液和炼厂净化水中的挥发酚,并与HJ 503—2009中的4-氨基安替比林直接分光光度法进行对比。结果表明:标准曲线的相关系数为0.999 8;对挥发酚标准样品进行测定,结果与推荐值基本一致,相对误差为-3.61%~3.89%,相对标准偏差为0.59%~1.09%,准确度和精密度良好。对炼厂净化水中的挥发酚进行测定,加标回收率为91.4%~108.6%,与HJ 503—2009相比,结果吻合较好,适于炼厂净化水中挥发酚的测定。     

半封闭条件下稳定型含氯消毒剂在饮用水中的稳定性研究

研究了在半封闭条件下一种稳定型含氯消毒剂的稳定性及抑菌性能。结果表明:稳定型含氯消毒剂具有很好的稳定性,在纯净水中其有效氯的半衰期可长达250d,在自来水中为80d左右;加入稳定型含氯消毒剂的纯净水在长达290d的实验期内基本上不生长细菌,而自来水中当有效氯不到0.5mg/L,细菌含量开始明显增加。加入稳定型含氯消毒剂的纯净水会在一定程度上增加消毒副产物的含量,但不影响饮用水的安全性。稳定型含氯消毒剂可广泛应用于饮用水的消毒。