适合强研磨性硬地层的新型混合钻头设计及现场应用

为提高金刚石复合片(polycrystalline diamond compact,PDC)钻头在强研磨性硬地层中的破岩效率和使用寿命,设计2只由PDC切削齿和金刚石孕镶块组合作为切削单元的PDC-金刚石孕镶块新型混合钻头,并在冀中某断层区块石英岩地层进行现场试验。试验结果表明:与同井段使用过的牙轮钻头的平均值相比,1#PDC-金刚石孕镶块混合钻头的平均机械钻速提高52.30%,平均钻头进尺提高97.30%;与牙轮钻头的平均值和M1375D PDC钻头相比,2#PDC-金刚石孕镶块混合钻头的平均机械钻速分别提高30.85%和 32.30%,平均钻头进尺分别提高70.50%和 47.40%。PDC-金刚石孕镶块混合钻头极大地提高了强研磨性硬地层中的钻进效率,降低了钻井成本。      

高效率孕镶金刚石钻头的研制

分析了研制高效率孕镶金刚石钻头的意义,讨论了高效率对孕金刚石钻头的配方要求,设计了高效率孕镶金刚石钻头的配方参数,现场试验表明,研制的高效率孕镶金刚石钻头的使用效果比较理想。     

胎体中含有铜锰阻尼合金成分的金刚石钻头研制及钻进试验

孕镶金刚石钻头在钻进过程中,经常会遇到有害的振动问题,这种振动极大地影响钻进的稳定性。阻尼合金能耗散振动能,可达到减振的目的。本实验用铜锰粉末代替63#配方中的663青铜粉,来制作金刚石钻头的胎体试样。对胎体试样进行力学性能测试及断口形貌分析,结果表明:相较于63#配方试样,质量分数40%铜锰粉末的胎体试样组织均匀,结构致密,硬度提升14.7%;孕镶金刚石钻头磨耗比提高13.2%,抗弯强度降低22.4%。钻进试验结果表明:在钻进均质花岗岩岩样时,质量分数40%的铜锰配方钻头与63#配方孕镶金刚石钻头钻进性能相近,钻进振动加速度幅度减小约4.3%,钻头阻尼性能提高,钻进过程更加平稳。      

CVD金刚石条强化孕镶金刚石钻头的试验研究

本文将经过激光切割的CVD金刚石条镶嵌到传统的孕镶金刚石钻头胎体中,研制了一种新型的硬支点强化型金刚石钻头,以提高钻头在坚硬地层中的钻进效率和使用寿命。介绍了该新型钻头的设计及制造工艺,并进行了室内钻进试验。结果表明：与聚晶金刚石柱强化孕镶金刚石钻头相比,CVD金刚石条强化的孕镶金刚石钻头的钻进效率较高,达5．575m／h,且该钻头的磨损程度更小,使用寿命长。在钻进过程中更加稳定.     

基于人工神经网络设计孕镶金刚石钻头的研究

提出了利用人工神经网络来设计孕镶金刚石钻头；讨论了人工神经网络的基本原理；开发了基于人工神经网络设计孕镶金刚石钻头的软件程度；列举了应用实例。     

多层水口高胎体孕镶金刚石钻头研究

随着现代钻进的不断发展,高胎体钻头很好地解决了钻头寿命和实效的对立问题,多层水口成为高胎体钻头研究的一个重要方向。本文对多层水口钻头的胎体高度、水口和结构等进行了优化设计,给出了热压法孕镶金刚石钻头的烧结工艺,为多层水口孕镶金刚石钻头的设计提供了参考依据。试制了一个石墨堵口的多层水口孕镶金刚石钻头,并对其进行了室内实钻试验。试验结果表明,采用石墨堵口的多层水口钻头的第二层水口能够较好出露,证明了多层水口孕镶金刚石钻头设计的可行性。     

硬质合金凿岩钻头的有效使用

研究了影响凿岩机凿岩过程效率提高和凿岩工具消耗降低的因素,引出了凿岩速度和工具磨损之间以及硬质合金镶件嵌入岩石的深度及其与被破碎的材料接的面积之间的相互关系。查明了凿岩规范和凿岩钻头使用条件对导致硬质合金崩刃及其断裂的疲劳裂纹扩展的影响,列出了有关用金刚石工具（取代K3砂轮）修复磨印的刀片钻头和球齿钻头的数据以及由此获得经济,技术和社会效益。     

金刚石孕镶钻头的面形状

本文对金刚石孕镶钻头磨损机理进行了分析。讨论了目前钻探领域广泛使用的几种典型的金刚石孕镶钻头唇面形状的优缺点。最后从理论的角度改进了金刚石钻头的唇面形状。并阐述了制造该形状钻头的方法及该钻头的优越性。     

金刚石与硬质合金的复合堆焊研究

为了提高钢齿牙轮钻头齿面的抗磨损能力,以钢齿牙轮钻头用钢20Ni4Mo作为试验用材,分别采用进口硬质合金焊条、自制的含有金刚石与球形硬质合金的管装焊条,以氧乙炔焰为焊接热源进行堆焊,并对堆焊层做剪切试验和耐磨性对比实验。试验表明:耐磨层与基体的结合强度为625 MPa,高于牙轮钻头正常工况剪切强度500 MPa的要求。含金刚石的复合堆焊层与用进口硬质合金焊条堆焊的堆焊层相比,只要焊条配方选择合适,焊接工艺得当,其耐磨性能将远好于后者。     

超声波电镀金刚石钻头工艺研究

为了缩短电镀孕镶金刚石地质钻头的生产周期并改善其性能,进行了超声波作用下电镀金刚石钻头的工艺研究。研究了超声波作用下的影金刚石复合电镀工艺,确定了超声波电镀金刚石钻头的制造工艺流程,并根据确定的工艺试制了Ф75．5／49绳索取心钻头进行野外钻进试验。研究结果表明：对于各种粒度的金刚石,当金刚石在静止条件下被预复合包镶至约1／5粒径处时,可以开始超声波复合镀,此时金刚石将不会被超声波振落;施加超声波后,一天至少可以加4层金刚石,相比于常规电镀工艺,钻头生产周期缩短一半以上。野外钻进试验结果表明,相比于普通电镀钻头,超声波电镀钻头钻进时效提高了33％,钻头寿命提高了54．6％。     

Modes of failure of cemented tungsten carbide tool bits (WC/Co): A study of wear parts

Cemented tungsten carbide (WC/Co) holds a successful past as abrasion and wear-resistant components in mining industries for their wonderful combination of very high hardness and good fracture toughness as well as comparatively extraordinary wear resistance. Generally, the tungsten carbide drill bits/blades are used in rock drilling, mineral cutting, gas oil drilling and even tunneling industries. The service environments of the WC/Co tool bits are terribly complicated because of totally different hardness of the drilling objectives at different working conditions, consequence various movement patterns of the WC/Co drill bits. As a result, the failure mechanism of the tool bits is quite different. The mechanism of hole drilling and different mining operation and processes, a tool-bit gradually degrades till it breaks at the end of its life. Replacing a drill-bit once its breakage is often expensive in certain special applications. At the same time an early tool replacement decision could lead to cause of lower tools life. This type of claims is marking the ways that modify the accurate prediction of tool failures. In circumstances, where degradation signals using the appropriate features are utilized to make the tool replacement decision. Intensive investigation of the performance of tungsten carbide tools in hard metal industries and tool industries is being conducted worldwide. Tungsten carbide alloyed with cobalt (WC/Co) shows unique characteristics like high strength at elevated temperature and high mechanical and chemical resistance that makes carbide tools appropriate for cutting, drilling, mining and machining operation. A whole failure study is revealed within the paper. This study also discusses the failure mode of a tungsten carbide tools, its prediction and remedies.     

Research on rare earth and iron-rich diamond-enhanced tungsten carbide composite button

At the present time in china, the binder used in tungsten carbide composite button is mainly cobalt, which is very expensive. In order to solve the problems, a new type of rare earth and iron-rich diamond-enhanced tungsten carbide with high abrasive resistance and high toughness against impact, which realizes to substitute ferrum for cobalt, has been developed. The key problems in making the button are to improve the mechanical properties of matrix and increase the welding strength between the diamond and the matrix. All these problems have been solved effectively by low temperature activation hot-press sintering, doping rare earth lanthanum in matrix and high sintering pressure. The properties of the button have been determined under laboratory conditions. The test results show that its hardness is more than 90 HRA, its abrasive resistance is 39 times more than that of conventional cemented tungsten carbide, and its toughness against impact is more than 200 J. All these data show the button has very good mechanical properties.     

Wear characteristics of the cemented carbide blades in drilling limestone with water jet

Drilling hard rock with water jet is considered to be an efficient way to improve the work life of the cemented carbide blade. In this paper, cemented carbide material YG-6 is used on the drill bit in limestone drilling with water jet. Wear characteristics of the cemented carbide blades in drilling limestone with water jet is studied. Experiment results showed that the water jet pressure and nozzle diameter played an important influence on the wear rates of the cemented carbide blades in the drill bits. The wear rates of YG-6 blades decreased when the jet pressure increased. But the decline speed of wear rates was not even, it declined more and more slowly when the jet pressure upon 10 MPa. It was also showed that wear rates decrease with the increase of the nozzle diameter in the drill bit, for the bigger nozzle diameter could provide more impact force which could reduce the mechanical force on the YG-6 blades. SEM photographs were taken to characterize the wear mechanism of the cemented carbide blades in limestone drilling with water jet. Surface analysis demonstrated that cemented carbide blades in limestone drilling with water jet showed circular action of brittle fracture, grain pullout and polishing, which induced material removal process.     

铸造碳化钨颗粒增强PDC钻头胎体的三体磨损行为

采用无压浸渗工艺制备了铸造碳化钨颗粒增强PDC钻头胎体材料,胎体材料组织均匀,胎体中碳化钨颗粒完整,碳化钨颗粒与铜合金基体形成均匀扩散层。重点研究了PDC钻头胎体的三体磨料磨损行为和磨损机理。结果表明:铸造碳化钨颗粒形貌是影响PDC钻头胎体三体磨料磨损行为的主要因素。相对于破碎铸造碳化钨,球形碳化钨内部微裂纹少且无应力集中,具有耐磨增效作用,可显著提高PDC钻头胎体材料的三体磨损性能。球形碳化钨颗粒增强PDC钻头胎体的相对耐磨性是破碎碳化钨颗粒增强PDC钻头胎体的10倍。破碎碳化钨颗粒增强PDC钻头胎体的磨损表面呈现大量铜合金基体犁沟,多角状碳化钨颗粒被磨损变圆滑;而球形碳化钨颗粒增强PDC钻头胎体的磨损表面碳化钨颗粒突出林立,少量碳化钨颗粒被折断或发生破裂。     

硬质合金复合材料管状堆焊焊条的研制

研制了一种以铸造碳化钨、烧结碳化钨等为主要硬质相(颗粒)的Fe-C合金基复合增强管状堆焊焊条,介绍了该类管状焊条的设计与制造方法,对所研制焊条的堆焊层进行了组织和性能试验。试验证明:所研制的管状焊条在性能上达到甚至优于国外同类产品水平,替代传统的管状铸造碳化钨堆焊焊条,用于堆焊石油钻井工具,使用寿命明显提高。     

Investigation of wear resistance of drill bits with WC,Diamond-DLC,and TiAlSi coatings with respect to mechanical properties of rock

Drilling is an important engineering operation with extensive application in many fields of industry including mining engineering, oil and gas exploration and exploitation, civil engineering, groundwater management, etc. Drill bits must be able to endure enormous stresses that gradually wear them down during the drilling operation. In rock drilling, wear resistance is a key determinant of the drill bit lifetime and hence the drilling cost, thus basically affecting the choice of drilling method for any given rock type. With the advent of new wear-resistant materials, they can be used to improve the resistance of drill bits against wear and erosion. This study investigated the wear resistance of drill bits with tungsten carbide (WC) coating, DLC-Diamond coating, and titanium-silica‑aluminum (TiAlSi) coating when drilling in three types of hard rock, namely Khoshtinat Granite (A₁), White Natanz Granite (A₂) and Nehbandan Granite (A₃). The drilling tests were performed on cuboid specimens using a drilling machine at rotation speeds of 850, 900 and 950 rpm and penetration rates of 12, 18 and 24 mm/min. The results showed that for any fixed drilling conditions, the wear rates of the TiAlSi drill bit in A₁, A₂, and A₃ were respectively 48%, 52%, and 60% lower than those of the WC drill bit. In the same rocks, the Diamond-DLC drill bit also showed 42%, 44.25%, and 55% lower wear rates than the WC drill bit. in addition to the observed changes in wear rate of the drill bits, the surface roughness created by these drills represents the optimum performance of the TiAlSi drill bit. It was observed that, as the mechanical properties of the rock (uniaxial compressive strength, Mohs hardness, Schimazek's abrasivity index and Young's Modulus) increased, the tested drill bits showed wider differences in terms of wear resistance. As the TiAlSi drill bit had the lowest wear rate (27%) and after that, the Diamond-DLC drill bit showed a better wear (30%) performance than the WC drill bit (60%).     

镶焊式金刚石取芯钻头的研制

提高金刚石取芯钻头寿命是提高整个矿产勘探效率的重要途径之一,特别是深孔钻探施工时,多采用高胎体金刚石取芯钻头。本实验首先利用热压法加工金刚石孕镶块,然后加工自带多层水口和水槽的新型钻头钢体,最后采用镶焊法将金刚石孕镶块与钻头钢体焊接在一起。试制的2只75/54.5mm金刚石取芯钻头,工作层高度达到22mm。野外实验证明:该钻头使用寿命分别达到86m和93m,比现场使用的普通金刚石取芯钻头,使用寿命分别提高120%和141%。     

柱齿硬质合金成型技术探讨

从混合料成型质量，模具收缩系数和模具材质三方面探讨了对柱齿硬质合金压坯成型的影响，提出了生产上应采取的措施。     

凿岩钎头用WC-Fe/Ni/Co硬质合金的研究

研究了WC－10（Fe－Ni－Co）硬质含金粘结剂成份对合金力学性能的影响及其在回转冲击式凿岩条件下硬质合金钎头的使用效果。     

强化耐磨性钻头在卵砾石地层中的应用研究

在卵砾石地层钻进中,遇到的问题为钻头的寿命短,钻进效率不高,常常出现钻头断齿与掉块现象。针对这些难题,从钻头胎体配方、金刚石参数与热压工艺着手,提高胎体材料对金刚石的包镶强度,提高胎体的硬度、耐磨性和冲击韧性,并改进了钻头钢体端面和胎体的结合方式。经过几轮试验与改进,研制出了一种热压强耐磨性孕镶金刚石钻头,取得了好的钻进效果：平均钻进时效1．5m／h,平均使用寿命每只接近30m,无掉齿或断齿现象,基本上解决了在卵砾石地层中钻进难的问题。