Dynamic Compressive Properties of Zr-based Amorphous Matrix Composites Reinforced with Tungsten Continuous Fibers or Porous Foams

In this study, amorphous matrix composites, whose matrix was a Zr-based amorphous alloy and reinforcements were tungsten continuous fibers or porous foams, were fabricated by the liquid pressing process, and their dynamic compressive properties were investigated. Approximately 65 to 69 vol pct of tungsten fibers or foams were distributed homogeneously in the amorphous matrix, whereas defects such as misinfiltration or pores were eliminated. According to the dynamic compressive test results of the tungsten-fiber-reinforced composite, tungsten fibers worked to withstand a considerable amount of applied loads, whereas the amorphous matrix sustains bent or bucked fibers, thereby leading to the maximum strength of 3328 MPa and the plastic strain of 2.6 pct. In the tungsten-foam-reinforced composite, the compressive stress continued to increase according to the work hardening after the yielding, thereby leading to the maximum strength of 3458 MPa and the plastic strain of 20.6 pct. This dramatic increase in maximum strength and plastic strain was attributed to the simultaneous and homogeneous deformation at tungsten foams and amorphous matrix because tungsten foams did not show anisotropy and tungsten/matrix interfaces were excellent. These findings suggested that tungsten-foam-reinforced composite could be applied to penetrators, in which the self-sharpening should be well promoted while keeping high specific gravity, sufficient strength, and plastic strain because cracks were formed at some heavily deformed tungsten foams by the shear fracture.     

Ballistic Impact Properties of Zr-Based Amorphous Alloy Composites Reinforced with Woven Continuous Fibers

This study aims at investigating ballistic impact properties of Zr-based amorphous alloy (LM1 alloy) matrix composites reinforced with woven stainless steel or glass continuous fibers. The fiber-reinforced composites with excellent fiber/matrix interfaces were fabricated without pores and misinfiltration by liquid pressing process, and contained 35 to 41 vol pct of woven continuous fibers homogeneously distributed in the amorphous matrix. The woven-STS-continuous-fiber-reinforced composite consisted of the LM1 alloy layer of 1.0 mm in thickness in the upper region and the fiber-reinforced composite layer in the lower region. The hard LM1 alloy layer absorbed the ballistic impact energy by forming many cracks, and the fiber-reinforced composite layer interrupted the crack propagation and blocked the impact and traveling of the projectile, thereby resulting in the improvement of ballistic performance by about 20 pct over the LM1 alloy. According to the ballistic impact test data of the woven-glass-continuous-fiber-reinforced composite, glass fibers were preferentially fragmented to form a number of cracks, and the amorphous matrix accelerated the fragmentation of glass fibers and the initiation of cracks. Because of the absorption process of ballistic impact energy by forming very large amounts of cracks, fragments, and debris, the glass-fiber-reinforced composite showed better ballistic performance than the LM1 alloy.     

Dynamic Deformation Behavior of Zr-Based Amorphous Alloy Matrix Composites Reinforced with STS304 or Tantalum Fibers

The Zr-based amorphous alloy matrix composites reinforced with stainless steel (STS) or tantalum (Ta) continuous fibers were fabricated without pores or defects by liquid pressing process, and their dynamic deformation behaviors were investigated. Dynamic compressive tests were conducted by a split Hopkinson pressure bar, and then the test data were analyzed in relation to the microstructures and the deformation modes. In the STS-fiber?Creinforced composite, the STS fibers could interrupt the propagation of cracks initiated in the matrix and promoted the continuous deformation without fracture according to the strain-hardening effect of the fibers themselves. The Ta-fiber?Creinforced composite showed the higher yield strength than the STS-fiber?Creinforced composite, but the cracks were not interrupted properly by the Ta fibers according to the lower ductility and strain hardening of the Ta fibers. Both the Ta and STS fibers favorably affected the strength and ductility of the composites by interrupting the propagation of cracks formed in the amorphous matrix, by dispersing the stress applied to the matrix, and by promoting deformation mechanisms such as fiber buckling. The STS-fiber?Creinforced composite showed the higher compressive strength and ductility than the Ta-fiber?Creinforced composite because the STS fibers were higher in the resistance to deformation and fracture than the tantalum fibers.     

Correlation of Microstructure with Mechanical Properties of Zr-Based Amorphous Matrix Composite Reinforced with Tungsten Continuous Fibers and Ductile Dendrites

A Zr-based amorphous matrix composite reinforced with tungsten continuous fibers in an amorphous LM2 alloy matrix containing ductile ?? dendrites was fabricated without pores or defects by the liquid pressing process, and its tensile and compressive properties were examined in relation with microstructures and deformation mechanisms. Overall, 68?vol pct of tungsten fibers were distributed in the matrix, in which 35?vol pct of ?? dendrites were present. The LM2 composite had the greatly improved tensile strength and elastic modulus over the LM2 alloy, and it showed a stable crack propagation behavior as cracks stopped propagating at the longitudinal cracks of tungsten fibers or ductile ?? dendrites. According to the compressive test results, fracture did not take place at one time after the yield point, but it proceeded as the applied loads were sustained by fibers, thereby leading to the maximum strength of 2432?MPa and plastic strain of 16.4?pct. The LM2 composite had the higher strength, elastic modulus, and ductility under both tensile and compressive loading conditions than the tungsten-fiber-reinforced composite whose matrix did not contain ?? dendrites. These distinctively excellent properties indicated a synergy effect arising from the mixing of amorphous matrix and tungsten fibers, as well as from the excellent bonding of interfaces between them.     

Compressive and Tensile Properties of STS304-Continuous-Fiber-Reinforced Zr-Based Amorphous Alloy Matrix Composite Fabricated by Liquid Pressing Process

An STS304-continuous-fiber-reinforced Zr-based amorphous alloy matrix composite with excellent fiber/matrix interfaces was fabricated without pores and misinfiltration by liquid pressing process. Approximately 60 vol pct of continuous fibers were homogeneously distributed in the matrix, in which considerable amounts of polygonal and dendritic crystalline phases were formed by the diffusion of metallic elements from the fibers. The ductility of the composite under compressive or tensile loading was drastically improved over that of the monolithic amorphous alloy. According to the compressive test results, a strength of 700 to 830 MPa was sustained until reaching a strain of 40 pct, because fibers interrupted the propagation of shear bands initiated in the matrix and took over a considerable amount of load. Under tensile loading, the deformation and fracture occurred by crack formation and opening at matrices, necking of fibers, fiber/matrix interfacial separation, and cup-and-cone–type fracture of fibers, thereby resulting in a high tensile elongation of 27 pct.     

制备工艺对碳纤维增强碳化硅基复合材料结构和力学性能的影响

以化学气相沉积碳为界面层,聚碳硅烷为先驱体,经过10个周期的浸渍-裂解制备了三维编织碳纤维增强碳化硅复合材料(3D-Cf/SiC)。考察了碳涂层高温预处理和陶瓷先驱体第一个周期1600℃裂解对复合材料结构与性能的影响。结果表明:碳涂层高温预处理有助于复合材料密度的提高,弱化了复合材料的界面结合,从而显著提高了复合材料的力学性能,复合材料弯曲强度达到571 MPa,剪切强度51 MPa,断裂韧性18 MPa.m1/2。     

Effects of Dendrite Size on Tensile Deformation Behavior in Zr-Based Amorphous Matrix Composites Containing Ductile Dendrites

Four Zr-based amorphous matrix composites whose dendrite size was varied with plate thickness were investigated, and the deformation mechanisms related with improvement of strength and ductility were investigated by focusing on how the size of ductile ?? dendrites affected the initiation and propagation of deformation bands. These composites contained 47 to 49?vol pct of dendrites sized by 14.7 to 42.8???m, and they showed excellent tensile properties of yield strength of 1.3 to 1.5?GPa and uniform elongation up to 11.7?pct. According to the observation of tensile deformation behavior of the composite with a plate thickness of 5?mm, many deformation bands were formed inside dendrites in several directions, and the deformation bands met crossly each other to form widely deformed areas. Because the wide and homogeneous deformation in this composite beneficially worked for the tensile strength and ductility simultaneously, the optimum size of dendrites and thickness of plates were approximately 19???m and 5?mm, respectively. Considering that Zr-based amorphous matrix composites are mostly used in a plate form in their conventional applications, the current research can provide the optimum plate thickness data for their fabrication processes such as rolling, extrusion, and strip casting.     

Effect of Rare Earths on Tribological Properties of Carbon Fibers Reinforced PTFE Composites

Carbon fibers （CF） were surface treated with air-oxidation and rare earths （RE）, respectively. The effect of RE surface treatment on tensile strength and tribological properties of CF reinforced polytetrafluoroethylene （PTFE） composites was invest/gated. Experimental results revealed that RE was superior to air ox/dation in improving the tensile strength, elongation, and the tensile modulus of CF reinforced PTFE （CF/PTFE） composite. Compared to the untreated and air-oxidated CF/PTFE composite, the RE treated composite had the lowest friction coefficient and specific wear rate under a given applied load and reciprocating sliding frequency. The RE treatment effectively improved the interfacial adhesion between CF and PTFE. With strong interfacial coupling, the carbon fibers carried most of the load, and direct contact and adhesion between PTFE and the counterpart were reduced, accordingly the friction and wear properties of the composite were improved.     

天然纤维增强聚合物基摩擦材料的研究

文章介绍了天然纤维主要是剑麻纤维与苎麻纤维的组成与性能,总结了剑麻纤维与苎麻纤维常用的物理和化学改性方法;简述了几种潜在能作为摩擦材料基体的热塑性树脂的性能,综述了天然纤维增强聚合物基复合材料以及天然纤维增强聚合物基摩擦材料的研究进展,最后得出由于天然纤维以及热塑性树脂的优异性能,天然纤维增强热塑性树脂摩擦材料的研究将会产生重大意义。     

TiC强化304不锈钢的显微组织和性能

对原位合成TiC强化304不锈钢的显微组织和性能进行了研究。试验结果表明:在304不锈钢中产生TiC颗粒后,热处理态组织中的孪晶得到明显细化,同时出现了很多纳米级的未固溶的方形颗粒Cr23C6和圆形颗粒TiC。TiC颗粒的产生,使304不锈钢强度有较大提高而塑性有一定的下降。在TiC强化钢磨损过程中,TiC颗粒暴露于磨损表面起承载和形成油膜的作用,从而保护基体不发生严重磨损。随着钢中TiC含量的增加,强度和磨损性能的提高越明显。     

Al2O3短纤维增强Al-Cu合金的微观组织结构和机械性能研究

为了研究铜元素含量变化对复合材料界面反应、微观组织结构和机械性能的影响，利用挤压铸造法制备了体积分数均为40％的Al2O3纤维增强纯铝和Al—Cu合金（1％，3％和5％）复合材料。采用X射线、TEM、SEM和拉伸实验手段，观察和测试了4种复合材料的微观组织和机械性能。结果表明，Al2O3纤维表面含有非晶SiO2成分，在高应力下易于开裂。铜元素的加入对材料的析出产生和机械性能有重要影响。铜元素引入后在复合材料中纤维表面处偏聚和富集，促进了界面θ相析出，并随基体中Cu含量提高而增加。当铜含量增加到5％后，基体内部也出现明显的析出相。拉伸实验结果表明随着Cu含量的增加复合材料的抗拉强度增高，Al2O3f/Al-Cu与Al2O3f／纯Al相比，抗拉强度分别增加了102％，146％和171％。SEM断口观察表明：基体合金的断口基本上都呈宏观脆性断口，具有低的展延性和撕裂纹理；大量的纤维从复合材料基体中拔出，一些纤维被拉断，这些特点与界面结合物和多晶的Al2O3纤维结构密切相关。     

Effect of Strain Rate on Plastic Flow in Zr-Based Metallic-Glass-Reinforced Porous Tungsten Matrix Composites

The rate-dependent deformation of Zr₃₈Ti₁₇Cu_10.5Co₁₂Be_22.5 bulk metallic-glass-reinforced porous tungsten matrix composites was investigated over a wide range of strain rates. The composites were examined in two forms: the as-cast composite and the as-extruded composite by extrusion. In addition to showing greater strain hardening, the as-cast composite also shows much more obvious strain rate dependence of flow stress than the as-extruded composite. Microhardness tests were performed on the tungsten and the metallic glass phase in both composites, respectively. The results from the microhardness measurements indicate that the strain rate sensitivity of the as-extruded composite is primarily a result of strain rate sensitivity of the tungsten phase.     

加压烧结工艺对碳纤维增强TiC复合材料力学性能的影响

采用真空加压烧结工艺制备了 2 0 % (体积分数 )短碳纤维增强TiC复合材料 (Cf/TiC) ,研究了加压烧结温度、烧结时间和烧结压力对力学性能的影响。烧结温度由 190 0℃提高到 2 10 0℃ ,复合材料的横向断裂强度和断裂韧度分别由 387MPa和 4 14MPa·m1/2 提高到 5 93MPa和 6 87MPa·m1/2 ,当烧结温度再提高到2 2 0 0℃ ,强度和韧性反而有所下降。加压压力由 2 0MPa提高到 35MPa时 ,横向断裂强度和断裂韧度分别由5 5 7MPa、6 41MPa·m1/2 提高到 6 0 2MPa和 6 92Mpa·m1/2 。当保温时间由 0 5h提高到 2h时 ,复合材料的横向断裂强度和断裂韧度分别由 5 6 8MPa、6 5 3MPa·m1/2 提高到 5 93MPa和 6 87MPa·m1/2 。Cf/TiC复合材料合适的烧结工艺是在 2 10 0℃、30MPa下烧结 1h ,所制备的材料的相对密度为 97 6 % ,弹性模量为 416GPa ,横向断裂强度为 5 93MPa ,断裂韧度为 6 87MPa·m     

石墨烯增强钛基复合材料制备工艺与性能研究

以多层石墨烯为增强体,通过熔炼锻造(MF)和粉末冶金(PM) 2种工艺分别制备出规格为Φ10 mm的石墨烯增强钛基复合材料棒材。石墨烯在凝固过程中以TiC枝晶形态析出,变形后呈细小颗粒,其中Ti和C原子比约为2∶1。石墨烯和球形钛粉经过机械合金化和变形加工,在基体中反应形成薄片层。MF工艺对应的棒材拉伸强度可达476 MPa,延伸率保持在28%; PM工艺对应的棒材拉伸强度可达487 MPa,延伸率保持在30%。PM工艺可形成尺寸较小的薄片状石墨烯增强体,强化作用提升,同时塑性没有显著下降。     

纳米碳管铝基复合材料组织与性能的研究

试验采用搅拌铸造法制备了纳米碳管增强铝基复合材料,对其显微组织、硬度、抗拉强度和电阻率进行了研究.结果表明:纳米碳管的加入能够细化复合材料晶粒,表面镀铜后可以抑制基体与增强体之间的界面反应,避免脆性碳化物的生成;复合材料的硬度和抗拉强度随着纳米碳管加入量的增加先增加后减小,纳米碳管的质量分数为1.0%时,达到最大值,与基体相比分别增加了34.8%和34.4%;纳米碳管的加入对基体的导电性影响不大.     

TiC含量对激光熔覆TiC增强双相不锈钢复合涂层性能的影响

采用激光熔覆技术在40 Cr Ni Mo基材上制备了TiC增强双相不锈钢复合熔覆层,熔覆层物相主要由奥氏体、马氏体、M₇C₃型碳化物和TiC组成。其中M₇C₃型碳化物主要包括Fe₇C₃、Cr₇C₃或者(Fe、Cr)₇C₃三种,TiC按尺寸可分为熔解后析出的微米级TiC以及粗大的未熔TiC颗粒。析出的TiC颗粒为方块状,随着TiC添加量增加,呈花瓣状长大。未熔TiC颗粒与基材形成了扩散界面,具有很好的界面结合性。当加入30 wt.%TiC时,熔覆层具有最好的耐磨性,硬度可达55.26 HRC,磨损体积为2.54×10^-2 mm³,耐磨性是基材的3.37倍。