Location-aware online learning for top-k recommendation

We address the problem of recommending highly volatile items for users, both with potentially ambiguous location that may change in time. The three main ingredients of our method include (1) using online machine learning for the highly volatile items; (2) learning the personalized importance of hierarchical geolocation (for example, town, region, country, continent); finally (3) modeling temporal relevance by counting recent items with an exponential decay in recency.For (1), we consider a time-aware setting, where evaluation is cumbersome by traditional measures since we have different top recommendations at different times. We describe a time-aware framework based on individual item discounted gain. For (2), we observe that trends and geolocation turns out to be more important than personalized user preferences: user–item and content-item matrix factorization improves in combination with our geo-trend learning methods, but in itself, they are greatly inferior to our location based models. In fact, since our best performing methods are based on spatiotemporal data, they are applicable in the user cold start setting as well and perform even better than content based cold start methods. Finally for (3), we estimate the probability that the item will be viewed by its previous views to obtain a powerful model that combines item popularity and recency.To generate realistic data for measuring our new methods, we rely on Twitter messages with known GPS location and consider hashtags as items that we recommend the users to be included in their next message.     

Collaborative filtering and deep learning based recommendation system for cold start items

Recommender system is a specific type of intelligent systems, which exploits historical user ratings on items and/or auxiliary information to make recommendations on items to the users. It plays a critical role in a wide range of online shopping, e-commercial services and social networking applications. Collaborative filtering (CF) is the most popular approaches used for recommender systems, but it suffers from complete cold start (CCS) problem where no rating record are available and incomplete cold start (ICS) problem where only a small number of rating records are available for some new items or users in the system. In this paper, we propose two recommendation models to solve the CCS and ICS problems for new items, which are based on a framework of tightly coupled CF approach and deep learning neural network. A specific deep neural network SADE is used to extract the content features of the items. The state of the art CF model, timeSVD++, which models and utilizes temporal dynamics of user preferences and item features, is modified to take the content features into prediction of ratings for cold start items. Extensive experiments on a large Netflix rating dataset of movies are performed, which show that our proposed recommendation models largely outperform the baseline models for rating prediction of cold start items. The two proposed recommendation models are also evaluated and compared on ICS items, and a flexible scheme of model retraining and switching is proposed to deal with the transition of items from cold start to non-cold start status. The experiment results on Netflix movie recommendation show the tight coupling of CF approach and deep learning neural network is feasible and very effective for cold start item recommendation. The design is general and can be applied to many other recommender systems for online shopping and social networking applications. The solution of cold start item problem can largely improve user experience and trust of recommender systems, and effectively promote cold start items.     

基于用户推荐影响度的并行协同过滤算法

基于共同评分与项目全集的相似度未甄别近邻的推荐影响力,导致推荐质量低,可扩展性差。为此,提出了一种基于推荐影响度的并行协同过滤算法。该算法通过非共同评分项目、共同评分项类以及用户访问次数来计算用户推荐新颖度与兴趣重合度以度量用户推荐能力,并融入相似性计算来抑制相似度高但推荐力不强的用户,避免在项目全集上计算相似度,从而提高推荐质量;通过MapReduce并行化,使其具备良好的实时性和可扩展性。实验结果表明,该算法在海量数据集上的推荐质量更高,可扩展性更强。     

A Unified Framework for Providing Recommendations in Social Tagging Systems Based on Ternary Semantic Analysis

Social Tagging is the process by which many users add metadata in the form of keywords, to annotate and categorize items (songs, pictures, Web links, products, etc.). Social tagging systems (STSs) can provide three different types of recommendations: They can recommend 1) tags to users, based on what tags other users have used for the same items, 2) items to users, based on tags they have in common with other similar users, and 3) users with common social interest, based on common tags on similar items. However, users may have different interests for an item, and items may have multiple facets. In contrast to the current recommendation algorithms, our approach develops a unified framework to model the three types of entities that exist in a social tagging system: users, items, and tags. These data are modeled by a 3-order tensor, on which multiway latent semantic analysis and dimensionality reduction is performed using both the Higher Order Singular Value Decomposition (HOSVD) method and the Kernel-SVD smoothing technique. We perform experimental comparison of the proposed method against state-of-the-art recommendation algorithms with two real data sets (Last.fm and BibSonomy). Our results show significant improvements in terms of effectiveness measured through recall/precision.     

基于多维特征交叉的深度协同过滤算法

基于深度学习的推荐算法最初以用户和物品的ID信息作为输入,但是ID无法很好地表现用户与物品的特征。在原始数据中,用户对物品的评分数据在一定程度上能表现出用户和物品的特征,但是未考虑用户的评分偏好以及物品的热门程度。在评分任务中使用隐式反馈和ID信息作为用户与物品的特征,在消除用户主观性对特征造成的噪声的同时在一定程度上缓解冷启动问题,利用单层神经网络对原始高维稀疏特征降维,使用特征交叉得到用户与物品的低阶交互,再利用神经网络捕获用户与物品的高阶交互,有效提取了特征间的高低阶交互。在四个公开数据集上的实验表明,该算法能有效提高推荐精度。     

基于高斯pLSA模型与项目的协同过滤混合推荐

协同过滤是推荐系统中常用的一种技术。以往的推荐算法往往只从用户或商品的角度单一地进行推荐,在推荐准确率上存在瓶颈和局限性。提出了一种新的混合推荐方法——结合基于高斯概率潜在语义分析模型与改进的基于项目的协同过滤算法,通过建立用户群体混合模型和基于目标项目的邻居集进行预测推荐。实验证明该算法与其他协同过滤算法相比具有更高的准确率。     

一种潜在特征同步学习和偏好引导的推荐方法

根据用户的历史评分数据为用户提供推荐的商品列表，是目前推荐系统研究的主流.研究者发现，随着用户参与度的不断提高，将反映用户偏好的评论文本与评分数据结合，可以进一步提高推荐的质量.提出了基于潜在特征同步学习和偏好引导的商品推荐方法，将评论文本的主题与用户的"打分偏好"进行关联，同步学习用户评论文本的潜在主题、评分矩阵的用户潜在因子和商品潜在因子，并将潜在主题作为用户个人偏好引导来约束推荐方法对商品的预测打分.该方法对推荐质量的优化主要体现在两个方面：一是在评论文本的潜在主题和评分数据的两种潜在因子之间建立映射关系，同步求解主题模型和矩阵分解模型；二是将从评论文本中学习得到的潜在主题作为用户对商品的个性偏好引入到矩阵分解中，进一步优化推荐方法.在来自Amazon网站的28组真实数据集上进行实验，以均方误差为评价指标，与已有的模型进行了对比分析.实验结果表明，该方法有效减少了推荐误差，与已有的TopicMF方法相比，均方误差在数据子集上最大减少了3.32%，平均减少了0.92%.     

Collaborative learning using service-oriented architecture: A framework design

Collaborative learning serves as an important part of e-learning, increasing interactivity and accessibility to various learning resources either synchronously or asynchronously among users. Distributed interactivity through Web services thus forms the focus of this paper. The paper reviews related work on service-oriented architecture (SOA), distributed infrastructure, business process management (BPM) and highlights the need to integrate SOA technologies for meaningful and interactive collaborative learning processes. The significance of the study is an SOA approach to enhance the interoperability, flexibility and reusability of e-learning content in a collaborative environment.     

A framework for tag-aware recommender systems

In social tagging system, a user annotates a tag to an item. The tagging information is utilized in recommendation process. In this paper, we propose a hybrid item recommendation method to mitigate limitations of existing approaches and propose a recommendation framework for social tagging systems. The proposed framework consists of tag and item recommendations. Tag recommendation helps users annotate tags and enriches the dataset of a social tagging system. Item recommendation utilizes tags to recommend relevant items to users. We investigate association rule, bigram, tag expansion, and implicit trust relationship for providing tag and item recommendations on the framework. The experimental results show that the proposed hybrid item recommendation method generates more appropriate items than existing research studies on a real-world social tagging dataset.     

基于生成对抗模型的序列推荐算法

针对传统序列推荐算法时间信息和项目内容信息运用不充分的问题,该文提出基于生成对抗模型的序列推荐算法。通过生成对抗模型将序列建模与时间、内容信息建模分离,充分挖掘用户项目交互的序列信息和项目内容信息。运用卷积神经网络作为生成对抗模型的生成器,捕获用户项目交互的序列模式。运用注意力机制作为生成对抗模型的判别器,捕获交互序列的时间信息和项目内容信息。针对传统序列推荐算法时间信息建模不充分的问题,提出一种改进的时间嵌入方式,充分建模用户项目交互关于时间的周期性模式。利用生成对抗模型同时建模用户的稳定偏好和动态偏好,提升推荐系统的用户体验,并在公开数据集MovieLens-1M和Amazon-Beauty上与现有的优秀算法做比较。实验证明,该文所提出的算法在评价指标HR@N和NDCG@N上较基线方法均有一定提升。     

基于注意力机制的深度学习推荐算法

针对目前基于评论文本的推荐算法存在文本特征和隐含信息提取能力不足的问题, 提出一种基于注意力机制的深度学习推荐算法. 通过分别构建用户和项目的评论文本表示, 利用双向门控循环单元提取文本的上下文依赖关系以获得文本特征表示, 引入注意力机制, 更准确的获取用户兴趣偏好和项目属性特征. 将生成的用户和项目评论数据的两组隐含特征分别输入全连接层处理, 再合并到同一个向量空间进行评分预测, 得到推荐结果. 在Yelp和Amazon两个公开数据集中进行实验, 结果表明所提出的算法与其他算法相比, 具有更好的推荐性能.     

考虑项目属性的协同过滤推荐模型

针对传统的基于用户的协同过滤(UCF)模型在相似性度量过程中没有充分考虑项目属性的问题,提出了两种考虑项目属性的协同过滤推荐模型。模型首先对用户评分相似性进行优化;然后从项目属性的角度统计用户关于不同项目的评价次数,获得优化的基于项目属性的用户相似性;最后通过自适应平衡因子协调处理两方面的相似性结果进行项目预测与推荐。实验结果表明,在不同的数据集中,新提出的模型不仅时间花费较为合理,而且评分预测准确性明显提高,平均提高了5%,从而证明了模型在改进用户相似性度量精度方面的有效性。     

Adapting the Technology Acceptance Model to evaluate the innovative potential of e-learning systems

This paper describes an experience where the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) has been adapted for use in the evaluation of methodological and technological innovations determined by the introduction of a new e-learning system in an Italian online university. While the original TAM allows one to assess acceptance and adoption of a new technology, in this case there was also a need to consider all the phases of use of the system (course design, running and evaluation), all the users of the system (students, teachers and e-learning management), and all the system’s components (the e-learning platform, the learning resources and mostly the underlying pedagogical approach). The resulting model, which is an extension of the original TAM, is a three-dimensional one, with three aspects to be considered on each axis (phases of use, users and components). For each of the 27 combinations of these aspects, indicators of usefulness and ease-of-use have been identified. When available, data concerning actual use (derived from the tracking functions of the platform) and effectiveness (based on teachers’ adoption of new tools and students’ learning outcomes) have also been used to complement the data.     

个性化课程学习模型的设计与实现

针对目前远程教育环境中,学习者缺乏个性化指导、学习效率低下的问题,提出了一种基于自组织社区的以CELTS为参考的个性化课程学习模型.该模型利用同伴之问的相似性,授课教师的权威性以及算法的针对性,通过推荐学习对象、学习路径和学习策略来引导学习者学习.该模型缩减了授课教师的工作量,实验结果表明,该模型能有效地提高学习者的学习质量和学习兴趣.     

AICF: Attention-based item collaborative filtering

Item-to-item collaborative filtering (short for ICF) has been widely used in ecommerce websites due to his interpretability and simplicity in real-time personalized recommendation. The focus of ICF is to calculate the similarity between items. With the rapid development of machine learning in recent years, it takes similarity model instead of cosine similarity and Pearson coefficient to calculate the similarity between items in recommendation. However, the existing similarity models can not sufficient to express the preferences of users for different items. In this work, we propose a novel attention-based item collaborative filtering model(AICF) which adopts three different attention mechanisms to estimate the weights of historical items that users have interacted with. Compared with the state-of-the-art recommendation models, the AICF model with simple attention mechanism Self-Attention can better estimate the weight of historical items on non-sparse data sets. Due to depth models can model complex connection between items, our model with the more complex Transformer achieves superior recommendation performance on sparse data. Extensive experiments on ML-1M and Pinterest-20 show that the proposed model greatly outperforms other novel models in recommendation accuracy and provides users with personalized recommendation list more in line with their interests.     

Evaluation of keyphrase extraction algorithm and tiling process for a document/resource recommender within e-learning environments

The research presented in this paper is an examination of the applicability of IUI techniques in an online e-learning environment. In particular we make use of user modeling techniques, information retrieval and extraction mechanisms and collaborative filtering methods. The domains of e-learning, web-based training and instruction and intelligent tutoring systems provide a challenging environment due to the large and diverse user population it entails. The overall system concentrates on utilizing a user modeling system to filter results as part of a collaborative document recommendation system. The goal of such a system is to actively seek out and recommend documents that will either encourage the users to expand their knowledge of a given topic or reinforce the knowledge which they already have. The system aims to recommend these documents in a non-intrusive manner with minimal user inconvenience, and attempts to do so by utilizing the Key Extraction Algorithm and automatically extracting queries, searching the web and filtering the search results. Users are encouraged to provide feedback about the resources and links they have viewed.     

基于时尚图谱增强的个性化互补服装推荐

近年来,人们对时尚穿搭有了更高的美学追求。因此,个性化互补服装推荐,即为用户推荐与他/她已购买服装相匹配的互补服装,逐渐吸引了学术界的广泛关注。个性化互补服装推荐不同于一般的推荐任务（如电影推荐）,它推荐的服装需要满足两个条件：1）与目标服装搭配;2）满足用户偏好。因此,相关的现有方法主要是基于时尚单品的多模态数据,着力于建模单品与单品之间的兼容性交互和用户与单品之间的偏好交互,以实现个性化互补服装的推荐。这些方法的缺点主要在于它们将每一个单品-单品交互或者用户-单品交互看作一个独立的数据实例,而忽略了单品的属性知识以及时尚实体（即,用户、单品及属性）之间的高阶交互关系。事实上,与一个单品（如,上衣）搭配的所有互补单品（如,下衣）可能会共享某些相同的属性（如,颜色）;同时,具有类似品味的用户也可能倾向于选择具有类似属性特征的单品。显然,这些时尚实体之间的高阶关系蕴含了丰富的有关单品兼容性和用户偏好的协同信号,因而能够促进个性化互补服装推荐模型性能的提升。据此,本文构建了一个大规模协同时尚图谱,并基于图卷积神经网络（Graph Neural Networks,GNNs）来探索时尚实体之间的高阶关系,进而更好地实现个性化的互补服装推荐。具体地,本文提出了一个新颖的基于时尚图谱增强的个性化互补服装推荐模型（Fashion Graph-enhanced Personalized Complementary Clothing Recommendation）,简称为FG-PCCR。FG-PCCR由两个关键的部分组成：独立的一阶交互建模和协同的高阶交互建模。一方面,独立的一阶交互建模模块基于视觉和文本模态数据,致力于通过神经网络和矩阵分解方法分别对单品-单品搭配交互和用户-单品偏好交互进行综合性建模。另一方面,协同的高阶交互模块基于构建的协同的时尚图谱,通过图神经网络利用信息传播机制来提取高阶的协同信号,进一步丰富用户和单品的向量表示。FG-PCCR模型能够有效整合时尚实体之间的复杂的高阶关系信息,用户和单品的表示学习,进而改进个性化互补推荐的效果。最后,对于给定的用户和目标上衣,我们能够得到推荐的下衣的个性化兼容性分数。另外,在真实的时尚数据集上做的大量实验,充分地验证了本文所提模型FG-PCCR相对于基准方法的优越性。     

基于多维度推荐的智慧在线学习系统

针对目前在线学习系统中存在的不足,探讨如何有效地运用数据挖掘技术建立智慧的在线学习系统.从大量的用户数据中挖掘出关联关系,用以提供全面个性化、定制化的学习过程序列.利用数据挖掘着重发现用户与课程之间、课程与课程之间、用户与用户间的关联,形成一个多维度的网络.利用多维度推荐为用户推荐有价值的课程.实验表明多维度推荐具有良好的准确性和良好的用户体验.     

垂直学习社区基于学习兴趣与风格的社会化推荐算法

垂直学习社区包含了海量的学习资源,出现了信息过载现象,个性化推荐是解决这个难题的方法之一.但垂直学习社区中评分数据稀疏而文本、社交信息丰富,传统的协同过滤推荐算法不完全适用.基于用户产生的文本和行为信息,利用作者主题模型构建新的用户学习兴趣相似度衡量模型;根据用户交互行为信息综合考虑信任与不信任因素构建用户全面信任关系计算全面信任度;通过分析用户多维度学习行为模式,自动识别用户学习风格;最后提出融合兴趣相似度、全面信任度及学习风格的社会化推荐算法.用垂直学习社区网站CSDN实际数据集进行了实验分析.结果表明本文提出的推荐方法能更好向用户推荐其感兴趣的学习资源,有效地提高了推荐精度,进而提高用户学习效果.     

Personalized recommendation based on review topics

The traditional collaborative filtering algorithm is a successful recommendation technology. The core idea of this algorithm is to calculate user or item similarity based on user ratings and then to predict ratings and recommend items based on similar users’ or similar items’ ratings. However, real applications face a problem of data sparsity because most users provide only a few ratings, such that the traditional collaborative filtering algorithm cannot produce satisfactory results. This paper proposes a new topic model-based similarity and two recommendation algorithms: user-based collaborative filtering with topic model algorithm (UCFTM, in this paper) and item-based collaborative filtering with topic model algorithm (ICFTM, in this paper). Each review is processed using the topic model to generate review topic allocations representing a user’s preference for a product’s different features. The UCFTM algorithm aggregates all topic allocations of reviews by the same user and calculates the user most valued features representing product features that the user most values. User similarity is calculated based on user most valued features, whereas ratings are predicted from similar users’ ratings. The ICFTM algorithm aggregates all topic allocations of reviews for the same product, and item most valued features representing the most valued features of the product are calculated. Item similarity is calculated based on item most valued features, whereas ratings are predicted from similar items’ ratings. Experiments on six data sets from Amazon indicate that when most users give only one review and one rating, our algorithms exhibit better prediction accuracy than other traditional collaborative filtering and state-of-the-art topic model-based recommendation algorithms.