质子交换膜燃料电池中抗CO中毒的PtM阳极催化剂

介绍了PtM阳极催化剂加入第二金属组分后对Pt晶体结构、颗粒大小、分散度等方面的影响以及PtM相互之间、PtM与载体之间的相互作用。由于存在这些相互作用，使其改变了Pt的CO中毒特性，导致了不同的反应活化能、反应级数以及CO的表面覆盖率。评述了目前几种主要的催化剂抗CO中毒机理及三组分和多组分催化剂的研究进展。     

运用事故后果模拟对煤气柜泄漏中毒伤害半径的分析

针对近几年焦化企业新建煤气柜可能产生中毒的危险性及其伤害半径，运用事故后果模拟法对某焦化厂2万m。湿式煤气柜进行模拟计算，选择圆形泄漏裂口，通过CO中毒浓度算出中毒伤害半径，为企业建设湿式煤气柜提供必要的设防半径。     

浅谈氨碱厂CO气体的形成与预防

通过对氨碱法制碱过程中有毒有害气体CO形成原因的分析,提出了预防CO中毒的控制措施     

CO变换制氢催化剂PH3中毒的热力学

从热力学角度分析了高温变换温度范围内B112型变换催化剂PH3中毒过程中可能发生的化学反应及其产物,确定导致催化剂中毒的主导反应.结果表明,在623～803 K,催化剂活性中心Fe3O4和PH3在不同气氛下会生成不同的磷铁化合物.在O2,CO,CO2和H2O气体分别参与Fe3O4和PH3反应时,都可能生成FeP,FeP...     

一氧化碳中毒致四肢骨筋膜室综合症的临床观察及护理

临床治疗二例因一氧化碳中毒(CO)而致四肢骨筋膜室综合症病人,作者通过对此类病人的观察及护理,提出对于急性CO中毒病人,除做好CO中毒急救治疗外,还要密切观察躯干和四肢皮肤是否有红肿和水泡等情况,警惕四肢骨筋膜室综合症发生的可能,以便早期发现,早期治疗,减少病人的痛苦。     

CS_2毒化Cu/ZnO/Al_2O_3水汽变换催化剂热力学分析

利用HSC 6.0热化学数据库对Cu/ZnO/Al_2O_3水汽变换催化剂CS_2中毒进行了热力学计算。分析了催化剂的活性组分、抗毒成分和载体在变换条件下可能发生的化学反应和产物。结果表明:变换原料气组分(CO、H_2O)能引起催化剂CS_2中毒。其中,CO对催化剂CS_2中毒的影响最大,中毒产物为CuS、SO_3和C。温度高于280℃时,ZnO提高了催化剂的抗毒性。Al_2O_3载体化学性质未受到反应气氛(CS_2、CO、H_2O)的明显影响。     

氨合成催化剂中毒现象及应对措施

对中石油塔里木油田分公司塔西南化肥厂合成氨装置投产以来出现过的氨合成催化剂的CO和CO_2中毒、水中毒等事故现象及过程中各参数的变化情况进行介绍,着重介绍不同氨合成催化剂中毒事故发生时所采取的应对措施,并就氨合成催化剂中毒类型的判断及中毒后事故处理的原则和要点进行总结,以供业内参考。     

联醇对氨合成不利影响初论

介绍了由于合成氨联醇引起的氨合成触媒中毒事故的过程，针对醇后气中有害气体对氨合成产生的不利影响进行了分析，结果表明，甲醇原料气中硫对生成二甲醚有促进作用，CO2对生成二甲醚有抑制作用。     

醒脑静治疗重度急性CO中毒迟发性脑病的临床观察

目的探讨醒脑静治疗重度急性一氧化碳(CO)中毒迟发性脑病的疗效。方法162例重度急性CO中毒迟发性脑病患者随机分为治疗组和对照组,两组均予以常规高压氧、吸氧、营养脑神经、改善脑循环、预防感染、对症支持治疗。对照组应用盐酸纳络酮注射液静脉滴注,治疗组加用醒脑静注射液静脉滴注。两组均连用21d,观察治疗前后的临床疗效和智能等症状改善状况。结果治疗组总有效率达97.56%,对照组总有效率达77.50%,两组疗效对比,经统计学处理由显著性统计学意义(P<0.01),且未发现毒副作用。结论醒脑静注射液治疗重度急性CO中毒迟发性脑病所致的智能障碍疗效可靠。     

基于事故树分析方法的氰化物中毒事故模式研究

使用氰化物过程中,人员稍有不慎,就可能发生中毒事故。从理化特性、中毒途径及中毒症状、生产及储存过程、安全管理四个方面讨论了氰化物危害性,运用事故树分析方法,编制了氰化物中毒事故树,得到了事故发生的不同模式,定量分析了各基本事件对氰化物中毒事故的影响程度,为企业员工预防氰化物中毒事故的发生提供了理论依据。     

The influence of CO on the current density distribution of high temperature polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells

In this work the poisoning effect of carbon monoxide (CO) on the performance of high temperature polymer electrolyte membrane (PEM) fuel cell is reported. The poisoning of the anode is assessed at 160 °C and 180 °C based on the transient behavior of the fuel cell potential and current density distribution. The current density distribution at similar cell potential and global current density is also critically compared for CO-free hydrogen feed and for CO-contaminated hydrogen feed. Furthermore, the current–cell potential (I–V) and power density curves and impedance spectra are obtained.The presence of CO causes a performance loss which is aggravated for higher CO concentrations and higher current densities and for lower temperatures. The transient behavior of the fuel cell potential and current density distribution show that the poisoning effect of carbon monoxide at the anode is very fast.The use of CO contaminated hydrogen at the anode yields an anisotropic distribution of carbon monoxide, which is accentuated for higher carbon monoxide concentrations and current densities.     

Adsorption kinetics for carbon monoxide on platinum in hot phosphoric acid

The availability and activity of platinum electrocatalyst sites for oxidation of the hydrogen in reformed natural gas has been one of the problems associated with efficient utilization of the platinum-anode catalyst. The major anode catalyst poison is carbon monoxide and the mechanism of poisoning of the hydrogen reaction by carbon monoxide has been reported.The equilibrium adsorptions and the rates of adsorption of CO on platinum surfaces were studied at a series of p_co values between 0·01 and 0·10 atm in 96 per cent H₃PO₄ between 105 and 148°C. This range of partial pressures of CO is expected within an operating fuel cell.The adsorption isotherms are explicable in terms of single-site adsorption of the carbon monoxide molecule on the platinum surface atoms, causing a slow anion adsorption at the unpoisoned platinum sites. The equilibrium coverages for carbon monoxide on the platinum surfaces are independent of temperature in the range studied. Adsorption equations are used to describe the coverages of the platinum surface by carbon monoxide so that extrapolation of the data to both higher and lower carbon monoxide partial pressures gives reliable estimates of the resultant surface coverages.     

Reduction of Sulfur Dioxide on Perovskite Oxides

Reactions of sulfur dioxide on perovskite oxides have been investigated from two distinct standpoints. First sulfur dioxide is a poison for reactions of carbon monoxide, nitric oxide and hydrocarbons (1–11). How to mitigate this poisoning and how to regenerate the catalyst is therefore of importance when designing pollution abatement catalysts for motor cars. However the reaction between sulfur dioxide and carbon monoxide, catalyzed by perovskites, itself may provide an important route for the removal of a major pollutant (12–16).     

Reduction of Sulfur Dioxide on Perovskite Oxides

Reactions of sulfur dioxide on perovskite oxides have been investigated from two distinct standpoints. First sulfur dioxide is a poison for reactions of carbon monoxide, nitric oxide and hydrocarbons (1-11). How to mitigate this poisoning and how to regenerate the catalyst is therefore of importance when designing pollution abatement catalysts for motor cars. However the reaction between sulfur dioxide and carbon monoxide, catalyzed by perovskites, itself may provide an important route for the removal of a major pollutant (12-16).     

自由基对LaCoO3催化剂还原脱硫性能的影响

进行了自由基对钙钛矿型LaCoO3催化剂在含氧气氛下还原脱硫性能影响的研究.考察的自由基为热裂解丙酮产生,发现自由基可以有效地抑制混和气中的氧气对LaCoO3催化剂的毒化作用,保护了其在含氧气氛下催化还原脱硫的活性.对催化剂进行XRD及XPS分析,考察了自由基对催化剂物相结构和表面状态的影响.     

蒽醌法过氧化氢生产中氢气与钯催化剂优化控制

介绍蒽醌法生产过氧化氢工艺中钯催化剂与氢气的优化控制方法。即通过调控氢气分压、纯度及杂质对氢化反应进行控制,使钯催化剂活性得以平稳充分地释放,使过氧化氢生产装置实现安全、高效、长期稳定运行。简述了钯催化剂一氧化碳(CO)中毒及处理方法。     

Catalytic combustion of gasified biomass: poisoning by sulphur in the feed

The influence of sulphur on the catalytic combustion of gasified biomass for gas turbine applications has been studied over precious metal and metal oxide based catalysts, namely Pd/LaAl₁₁O₁₈, Pt/LaAl₁₁O₁₈, Pt/La_0.5Ba_0.5Mn_0.5Fe_0.5Al₁₁O₁₉, La_0.5Ba_0.5Mn_0.5Fe_0.5Al₁₁O₁₉ and LaMnAl₁₁O₁₉. The samples were washcoated on cordierite monoliths and tested in a bench-scale reactor with a synthetic low-heating value fuel mixed with air. The fuel gas, that resembles the gas from air-blown fluidised bed gasification of wood, was composed of hydrogen, carbon monoxide, methane, ethene, carbon dioxide, water and nitrogen. Different concentrations of hydrogen sulphide as well as sulphur dioxide were added to the fuel gas. The results show that all samples were deactivated to some extent by addition of sulphur, although poisoning of the catalytic combustion for each fuel component varied depending both on the active phase and on the support and generally was reversible. The palladium catalyst was severely deactivated for combustion of methane, although activity for carbon monoxide and hydrogen was almost maintained. Platinum catalysts were more severely poisoned for carbon monoxide and hydrogen, but not for methane. Metal oxide catalysts were severely deactivated for all fuel components, especially for carbon monoxide, and the La_0.5Ba_0.5Mn_0.5Fe_0.5Al₁₁O₁₉-sample was irreversibly poisoned. The samples were also characterised by BET, XRD, ICP, SEM–EDX, XPS and SIMS.     

The oxidation of carbon monoxide at platinum and gold metallized membrane electrodes

The oxidation of carbon monoxide at gold platinum membrane electrodes is discussed and it is shown that the electrochemical characteristics of these electrodes are similar to massive electrodes. At platinum the short time response is determined by the oxidation of a surface monolayer of carbon monoxide by a reactant pair mechanism occuring at the edges of growing islands of an oxidised platinum species whilst at gold, the process is diffusion controlled. On both metals the longer timescale response is complicated by poisoning of the surface by a reaction intermediate but it is also shown that a gold anode may be reactivated by potential cycling. The relevance of these results to the construction of an analytical device is discussed.     

Chloride poisoning of water-gas shift activity in nickel catalysts during steam reforming

This Letter reports preliminary findings on the role of chloride poisoning during steam reforming of chlorocarbons over nickel catalysts. When conversions of chlorocarbon are very high and thermal pyrolysis absent, the principal effect of chloride is to decrease water-gas shift and CH₄-steam reforming activity. Product carbon dioxide/carbon monoxide ratios are then far from equilibrium and methane remains unconverted when introduced into the feed. These results are linked to previously published surface science studies.     

Identification, by selective poisoning, of active sites on Ni/Al2O3 for hydrogenation and isomerisation of cis-2-pentenenitrile

The hydrogenation of cis-2-pentenenitrile (C2PN) has been studied over Ni/alumina. Hydrogenation to n-pentanenitrile (PN) and subsequent isomerisation to trans-2-pentenenitrile (T2PN) and trans-3-pentenenitrile (T3PN) was observed. 1-Pentanamine (PA) was also detected in the initial stages of the catalyst life. Use of selective poisoning of metal sites with carbon monoxide and acid sites with ammonia revealed that hydrogenation was a function of the metal, while isomerisation was solely a function of the support. 1-Pentanamine was produced by the support but the site was rapidly deactivated due to carbon laydown.