考虑磁饱和特性下特殊位置电感的开关磁阻电机无位置传感器控制

开关磁阻电机（SRM）在实际运行时由于负载增加导致电流增大,会使SRM进入磁饱和工作状态。传统的无位置传感器控制方法解决磁饱和问题需要进行大量离线测量。因此,提出一种基于特殊位置判断的SRM无位置传感器控制策略。该方法通过向非导通相注入高频脉冲电压以得到全周期电感,通过电感曲线非饱和段的线性变化关系在线得出15°、30°、45°、60° 4个特殊位置对应的非饱和相电感值,根据电感与角度对应关系,在一个周期内得到4个特殊位置,通过相邻2次位置估算电机转速与全周期转子位置。在此基础上,搭建了基于Simulink的仿真模型和基于DSP的试验平台,通过仿真与试验验证了该方法的正确性。     

Four-Quadrant Sensorless Operation of Switched Reluctance Machine over the Wide Speed Range

Abstract

This paper presents four-quadrant sensorless control in switched reluctance machine (SRM) over the wide speed range. The proposed sensorless control technique could be employed not only at low speed with current chopping control (CCC) but also at high speed with angle position control (APC). At startup and low speed, the narrow voltage pulse is injected into the idle phases and the rotor position zone is determined by comparing the measured flux linkage with four flux linkage-current curves. The same flux linkage-current curves also can be adopted for rotor positions estimation at medium and high speeds. Two flux linkage-current characteristic curves in the inductance rising zone are employed to estimate the rotor position for motoring mode and the other two curves in the inductance falling zone are used to estimate the rotor position for braking mode. The experiments on a three-phase 12/8?pole SRM drive platform are carried out to verify the effectiveness of the proposed sensorless control technique.     

开关磁阻电动机在烧结机上的应用及其动态性能的研究

该文设计了基于最小均方差控制律的SRM转速、电流双闭环调速控制系统，与原来的SRM调速控制系统相比较，经过优化设计的SRM控制系统的动、静态性能有明显提高，解决了开关磁阻电机在烧结机上应用转速波动大的问题，实验结果验证了理论分析的正确性。     

Application of sensor integration techniques to switched reluctancemotor drives

A novel drive system for a switched reluctance motor (SRM) is described. Instead of current sensors, the drive uses power MOSFET transistors with integrated pilot devices for current sensing. To compensate for the loss of current feedback when the switches are `off', a fixed off-time chopping strategy is used to control the phase currents. To eliminate the position sensor normally required for SR motor control, the controller estimates the rotor position using phase inductance measurements. The position estimation scheme is sufficiently precise to allow positioning of the phase firing pulses to within approximately two electrical degrees of the desired rotor angle, and full four-quadrant operation of the system is possible. A laboratory prototype system built and tested at speeds up to 3000 r/min shows good performance in all four operating quadrants, including at zero speed. The control is implemented in a single low-cost microprocessor     

Theory and operation of a four-quadrant switched reluctance motor drive with a single controllable switch-the lowest cost four-quadrant brushless motor drive

Low-cost motor drives are being sought for high-volume energy-efficient home appliances. Key to the realization of such low-cost motor drives is the reduction of the power electronic converter to the barest in terms of its components, particularly the active devices, finding the motor with the least complexity for manufacturing and a controller that can extract the desired performance from the machine and converter combination. These and other factors such as self-starting, speed control over a wide range, and, most of all, the crowning aspect of four-quadrant operation with a bare minimum number of controllable switches remain as formidable challenges for low-cost motor drive realization. An innovative four-quadrant switched reluctance motor (SRM) drive with only one controllable switch is realized in this paper, for the first time, in the opinion of the authors. The motor drive is realized using a two-phase machine and a single controllable switch converter. The theory and operation of the proposed four-quadrant SRM drive with the proposed control algorithm for its realization are described. The motor drive is modeled, simulated, and analyzed to verify its feasibility for self-starting, speed control, and for four-quadrant operation, and the simulation results are presented. Experimental results confirm the validity of the proposed control algorithm for four-quadrant control of the SRM drive. The focus of the paper is mainly directed toward the control algorithm for realizing the four-quadrant operation of the two-phase SRM drive with a single controllable switch converter.     

Smart bacterial foraging algorithm based controller for speed control of switched reluctance motor drives

In this paper, a innovative methodology for Switched Reluctance Motor (SRM) drive control using Smart Bacterial Foraging Algorithm (SBFA) is presented. This method mimics the chemotactic behavior of the E. Coli bacteria for optimization. The proposed algorithm uses individual and social intelligences, so that it can search responses among local optimums of the problem adaptively. This method is used to tune the coefficients of a conventional Proportion–Integration (PI) speed controller for SRM drives with consideration of torque ripple reduction. This matter is done by applying the proposed algorithm to a multi-objective function including both speed error and torque ripple. This drive is implemented using a DSP-based (TMS320F2812) for an 8/6, 4-kW SRM. The simulation and experimental results confirm the improved performance of adjusted PI controller using SBFA in comparison with adjusted PI controller using standard BFA. Excellent dynamic performance, reduced torque ripple and current oscillation can be achieved when the coefficients of PI controller are optimized by using SBFA.     

基于DITC的开关磁阻电动机可逆控制系统

与传统的交直流电动机相比,开关磁阻电动机(Switched Reluctance Motor,简称SRM)的主要缺点是其转矩脉动较大以及由此引起的噪声和振动。通过引入直接瞬时转矩控制(Direct Instantaneous Torque Control,简称DITC),可有效减小SRM控制系统的转矩脉动。介绍了SRM-DITC可逆运行系统的主要组成,并提出了在可逆运行工作模式下的DITC方法。通过仿真和DSP物理实验,验证了所提方法的有效性。     

基于自校正的伺服系统速度控制器

为了提高永磁同步电机伺服系统的速度控制性能,提出一种基于自校正的永磁同步电机速度环控制器.自校正控制通过采样系统输入输出信息,运用最小二乘法辨识系统参数,然后根据参数辨识的结果自动校正控制器的参数,保证被控系统达到预期的性能指标.实验结果表明:该控制器与传统的固定PID)控制相比,转速稳态误差和超调量减小,转速也更为平稳,在伺服系统参数发生变化时仍能保持良好的控制性能.     

基于增量电感拟合的开关磁阻电机电流预测控制

针对开关磁阻电机(SRM)相电感较小,造成有限的电流采样频率与控制频率内电流难以控制的问题,研究了一种固定调制频率的电流预测方法。该方法将电压方程离散化,用以预测下一拍的电压有效值并进行调制。对于预测算法中所需的增量电感参数,采用一种斩波旋转测量与傅里叶级数拟合相结合的方法,得到SRM全位置的增量电感参数。针对DSP控制的一拍延迟问题,引入了补偿方法。仿真与实验使用一台低电感6/4 SRM证明了电流预测控制的有效性。     

基于RBF神经网络的开关磁阻电机瞬时转矩控制

开关磁阻电机(SRM)因其结构简单、工作可靠、效率高、成本低等优点使之成为当前极具竞争力的一种调速电动机。但由于电机本身的非线性电磁特性,导致了其转矩脉动比其他传动系统严重。如何更好地对开关磁阻电机的转矩进行控制,抑制转矩脉动也成为了近年来研究的热点。针对这一问题,提出了一种基于基于径向基函数(radial basis function,RBF)神经网络的开关磁阻电机瞬时转矩控制方法。利用从SRM动态模型仿真中产生的数据来对RBF神经网络进行离线训练,使之学习不同转速和转矩下的优化电流波形,再将训练好的RBF网络用于电机的转矩控制中,完成不同转速下,转矩、位置到电流的非线性映射。最后通过瞬时电流跟踪控制使电机电流跟踪参考电流,完成电机的转矩控制。该控制方法充分利用了RBF神经网络逼近、泛化能力强,运算速度快的优点,且控制过程简单,网络无需在线训练。实验结果证明,该控制策略能有效减小开关磁阻电机的转矩脉动,具有控制精度高、能适应转速变化等优点。     

基于模糊逻辑控制的SRD仿真实现

分析了开关磁阻电动机调速系统（SRD）的工作原理及开关磁阻电动机（SRM）的非线性电感模型。在此基础上,对其进行了简化处理,并采用模糊控制器对SRM的开关角进行实时补偿,同时建立了基于电流斩波控制的四相SRM非线性仿真模型。仿真结果验证了该控制方式的正确性,该模型不但计算相对简单且能有效减小转矩脉动和提高系统的动、静态性能,并能满足一定精度要求,为实际的SRD设计和调试提供有效的手段和工具。     

基于电感线性区模型的开关磁阻电机无位置传感器技术

无位置传感器起动和低速运行控制是开关磁阻电机研究的难点问题。分别针对静止、带初始转速,以及驱动运行3种模式进行了研究,提出了一种基于电感线性区模型的开关磁阻电机无位置传感器控制方法。该方法采用电流斜率差值计算法来辨识全周期的电感信息;并通过设计电感比较逻辑实现电感线性区的估计;在电感线性区建立了角度–电感关系的数学模型,可以直接估计出转子位置和转速信息,实现无位置传感器无反转起动和运行控制。实验结果验证了理论分析的正确性和可行性。     

基于可控电抗器的单调谐滤波器

介绍了一种基于可控电抗器的单调谐滤波器,通过将普通的无源滤波器进行有源化的改造,改善传统无源滤波器易受参数影响而失谐的缺点,实现当系统其他参数变化时,可以通过调节电感值使滤波器在原来的频率处保持谐振状态,从而保持较好的滤波效果。对检测滤波支路n次谐波电压、电流同相位法和滤波后系统侧n次谐波电流幅值最小法2种闭环控制策略的可行性和特点进行了分析,并利用基于自寻最优的控制方法进行了7次单调谐滤波器的实验,结果证明了基于可控电抗器的单调谐滤波器具有良好的滤波效果和对系统参数变化的自调谐功能。     

Three-Phase Regenerative Converter with Controlled Flywheeling

The low-speed performance of a dc drive can be improved by operating the three-phase fully controlled bridge converter with controlled flywheeling. The analysis and performance of the drive with controlled flywheeling is described. The modes of operation of the converter system are identified, and a method of performance calculation, taking these modes of operation into account, is presented. Nomograms and the analytical method of calculating them are presented for the calculation of optimum value of filter inductance. The performance of the drive with controlled flywheeling is compared with that with conventional control. The modes of operation and certain aspects of drive performance are verified experimentally.     

开关磁阻电机变参数自适应控制

开关磁阻电机(Switched Reluctance Motor,简称SRM)具有严重的非线性,绝大部分SRM控制器采用电流滞环调节器.在补偿被控对象非线性方面,变参数自适应控制是非常有效的方法.采用基于SRM电感模型的变参数自适应控制,对SRM运动电势和电感的非线性进行了有效的补偿.仿真和实验结果表明,该控制方法对于非线性严重的SRM具有很好的控制效果.     

考虑互感影响的开关磁阻电机无位置传感器控制技术

针对开关磁阻电机采用电流斩波控制(CCC)方式时相间互感对无位置传感器角度估算的影响,提出一种转子位置估算方法,该方法可以消除相间互感对位置估计的影响,并且无需测量相间互感大小。当电机在单相励磁区时,此时采用变系数电感模型方法进行角度估计;当电机在两相同时处于励磁区时,相间互感不为零,此时对导通相的磁链做差值运算以消除相间互感,最终通过实验对提出的转子位置估算方案进行验证。实验结果表明,与传统的忽略相间互感影响的转子位置估计方案相比,该方案能够消除互感对转子位置估计的影响,并且具有更高的估计精度,能够实现较大转速范围的无位置传感器稳定可靠运行。     

Two-Stage Sequentially Operated Regenerative Converters with Controlled Flywheeling

Separately excited dc motors fed by sequentially operated multistage converters are commonly used in mainline traction. The drive performance can be greatly improved by operating the fully controlled converters with controlled flywheeling. The analysis and performance of dc drive fed by two-stage sequentially operated fully controlled converters with controlled flywheeling are described. The modes of operation of the converter system are identified, and a method of performance calculation, taking these modes of operation into account, is presented. The nomograms and the analytical method of calculating them are presented for the calculation of optimum value of filter inductance. The performance of the drive with controlled flywheeling is compared with that with normal control. The modes of operation and certain aspects of drive performance are verified experimentally.     

电动车用开关磁阻电机转矩控制器设计与优化

电动汽车用开关磁阻电机转矩动态特性对电动汽车整车动力性能与乘坐舒适性能起着至关重要的作用。为了降低开关磁阻电机转矩脉动,提高其平均转矩,达到优化转矩动态特性的目的,在MATLAB/Simulink环境中建立了开关磁阻电机非线性动态模型;利用动态模型仿真数据确立了电机转矩动态性能与转速、关断角之间的函数关系;以降低转矩脉动,提高平均转矩为目标,建立了最优关断角与转速之间的函数关系;设计了基于可变关断角的转矩优化控制器。仿真结果表明,本文建立基于可变关断角的转矩优化控制器能很好地降低转矩脉动,提高平均转矩,达到了优化开关磁阻电机转矩动态特性的目的。     

电动车辆牵引用SRM初始转子位置估计

结合四相8/6极开关磁阻电动机(Switched Reluctance Motor,简称:SRM),就电动车辆牵引用SRM无位置传感器的初始转子位置估计问题展开研究。利用原控制系统中的元件与各相绕组组成RCD回路,利用驱动电源注入电流,结合检测等效电路和电感分区模型,以及平行四边形电感模型,无需过多的电磁参数,通过解析方法分两步完成转子的实际位置角度值获取。最后,通过实验研究及统计分析,证明了该方法具有一定的实际意义,并对误差进行了分析。     

基于Matlab/Simulink的开关磁阻电动机数字仿真

提出了以傅立叶级数为基础的开关磁阻电动机(SRM)的电感模型。计算结果与实际测量结果吻合,验证了该模型的准确性和适用性;同时运用该电感模型建立了开关磁阻电动机的非线性模型,并用于电机控制方式的研究,进一步验证了非线性模型的正确性。在建立非线性模型的基础上,对SRM的关断角进行优化,仿真结果符合优化的结论。