现代CAPP技术及其发展研究

企业信息化工程推动了CAPP技术的发展和应用，本文通过CAPP的发展过程、信息技术的发展以及企业信息化工程对CAPP的需求等进行深入分析，从体系结构、系统功能、信息组织、工艺设计模式、系统性能等方面分析了现代CAPP技术的发展趋势。(1)CAPP系统的体系结构由单机模式、C／S模式向C／S模式与基于Web技术的B／S模式相结合、组件化、层次结构化方向发展；(2)CAPP系统的功能覆盖企业整个工艺领域，向集成化制造数据管理方向发展；(3)工艺设计模式向基于知识的分布协同决策的综合智能化设计技术发展；(4)CAPP的应用更加强调系统的集成性和开放性等。文中还简要介绍了相关关键技术。     

Development of an intelligent agent-based AGV controller for a flexible manufacturing system

Automated guided vehicles (AGVs) are the most flexible means to transport materials among workstations of a flexible manufacturing system. Complex issues associated with the design of AGV control of these systems are conflict-free shortest path, minimum time motion planning and deadlock avoidance. This research presents an intelligent agent-based framework to overcome the inefficacies associated with the aforementioned issues. Proposed approach describes the operational control of AGVs by integrating different activities such as path generation, journey time enumeration, collision and deadlock identification, waiting node location and its time estimation, and decision making on the selection of the conflict-free shortest feasible path. It represents efficient algorithms and rules associated with each agent for finding the conflict-free minimum time motion planning of AGVs, which are needed to navigate unidirectional and bidirectional flow path network. A collaborative architecture of AGV agent and its different modules are also presented. Three complex experimental scenarios are simulated to test the robustness of the proposed approach. It is shown that the proposed agent-based controller is capable of generating optimal, collision- and deadlock-free path with less computational efforts.     

实现多智能体系统的关键技术与应用

对害病网智能体系统的关键技术进行了深入研究,从开发人员的角度,讨论了开发运行环境的选择、开发方法的选择、多进程与多线程方式的实现、通讯可靠性和分层结构等实现智能体系统的关键技术,在比较了多种多智能体开发平台的基础上,扩充了JAFMAS作为应用系统的底层,采用Java语言实现了将CAPP与调度集成多智能体原型系统作为应用层,来说明以上方法。     

SMT-TAB: A process planning system for PCB assembly using TAB and SMT

Process planning is a critical function in any manufacturing domain. This is especially true in the electronics manufacturing area where substantial heuristic and experiential knowledge is commonly used during process plan development. While research in computer-aided process planning (CAPP) has tended to concentrate in the machining realm, few CAPP systems have been developed for electronics manufacturing applications and more specifically for the printed circuit board (PCB) assembly domain. Besides, the CAPP systems that have been developed for this area have dealt with either insertion mount or surface mount PCB assembly processes only.Tape automated bonding (TAB), though a relatively new technology, is gaining importance in electronics assembly owing to its inherent advantages. The advent of fine pitch technology together with the ever increasing need for more inputs/outputs and greater pin counts in integrated circuit applications has enhanced the use of TAB technology in electronics manufacturing. This trend has been further augmented by the increasing need for compactness in consumer electronics.This research designed and developed a prototype CAPP system for the PCB assembly domain. The system developed generates a process plan for PCBs populated with surface mount and/or TAB components. An artificial-intelligence based expert system approach has been used in the design and development of the CAPP system. Outputs generated by the system are presented along with ideas for future research.     

RDCAPP: A real-time dynamic CAPP system for an FMS

Computer-aided process planning (CAPP) systems need to consider the uncertain nature of the shop-floor prior to the identification of job routes and processing sequences. This paper describes the design and development of a prototype, real-time dynamic CAPP (RDCAPP) system for a multimachining-centre flexible manufacturing system (FMS). Concepts relevant to this research include CAPP, profile input using group technology (GT), artificial-intelligence-based expert systems, and FMSs.RDCAPP considers facility characteristics, machine capacity and the current shop-floor conditions prior to developing a process plan Input to the system is through a GT code and additional auxiliary interactive inputs. RDCAPP uses uncertainty management techniques to keep track of and adapt to changes in shop-floor status. The paper discusses the architecture of RDCAPP in detail. The system was tested rigorously and its outputs validated. Ideas for future research are presented.     

Computer-aided process planning: A state of art

During the last decade, computer-aided process planning (CAPP) has received much attention both from researchers and practitioners. One of the reasons for this is the role of CAPP in reducing throughput time and improving quality. An attempt has been made in this paper to review the existing literature with the objective of gaining insights into the design and implementation of CAPP systems. The literature available (1989–1996) on CAPP has been reviewed based on the types of systems. The advantages and disadvantages of such systems are presented. Finally, future research directions are indicated.     

计算机辅助装配工艺设计系统开发平台的研究

文章指出了在开发计算机辅助装配工艺设计 (CAAPP)工作中应该吸取机加工CAPP技术研究和应用工作中的经验教训 ,根据各类企业装配工艺设计要求 ,建立一个开放性的CAAPP开发平台 ,提高装配工艺设计的规范化、合理化 ,大大减少各企业开发应用CAAPP系统工作中的重复性劳动。企业可在此平台上进行二次开发 ,增强CAAPP对各企业环境的适应性和实用性。通过对国内外CAAPP的研究现状的简单分析 ,指出了国内外尚未推出CAAPP商品化软件。重点指出了研制CAAPP开发平台急需开展的研究内容和解决的关键技术。     

基于代理和CORBA的应用集成机制研究

对象管理组织在公用设施中已经对代理进行定义,但代理机制在分布计算环境中的作用不应该仅仅限于对两端的封装,而应该作为实现应用集成的更高层次。本文讨论了基于ＣＯＲＢＡ实现的代理系统,建立了代理集成结构,分析了上述集成环境下请求的执行过程及其对ＣＯＲＢＡ和基本对象服务的需求。在比较了基于ＣＯＲＢＡ和基于代理两种集成机制的基础上,指出通过包括ＣＯＲＢＡ,代理等在内的多层次应用集成机制,可以有效地处理在基于     

工艺制造资源建模及其在协同工艺设计中的应用

根据敏捷制造和机械加工工艺设计特征的要求，建立面向计算机辅助工艺计划的工艺制造资源模型。研究了工艺制造资源模型的建模方法，进一步论述了协同工艺设计的体系结构、协同工艺设计中工艺制造资源中间件的解决方案、服务器端应用程序的开发和实现方法，为实现协同工艺设计提供强有力的技术支持。     

基于本体的协同CAPP系统研究

针对工艺设计过程的现状,提出基于本体的并行协同工艺设计思想。本文主要讨论了CAPP领域本体的建立,基于本体的CAPP工作流模型,最后讨论了基于本体的并行协同工艺设计,并给出了相应的实例。其目的在于通过本体来建立一个无语义歧义的协同工艺设计环境,从而提高工艺设计的效率,缩短工艺设计的时间,提高工艺设计的质量。     

A CAPP framework and its methodology

In this paper, a computer-aided process planning (CAPP) framework and its methodology is presented. A CAPP framework is a software structure that provides a generic, consistent operating environment for the development of real CAPP systems. Based on a framework technology, the capabilities of the CAPP framework are discussed. The methodology of the CAPP framework is divided into three parts: reference architecture, modelling methods, and implementation strategy and method. Guidance is given for the design, development and running of the CAPP framework and practical CAPP systems.     

基于XML和神经网络的协同CAPP

针对传统计算机辅助工艺规划（CAPP）系统通用性和实用性很差的问题,根据机械产品工艺设计特点,采用Web基、XML和神经网络技术,介绍了协同式CAPP系统的设计方法,详细探讨了XML工艺信息建模、神经网络以及工艺设计过程协同等关键技术,并实现了原型系统。研究结果表明,协同式CAPP系统具有良好的实用性,并提高了产品的工艺设计效率。     

基于工作流的工艺设计过程管理研究

工作汉管理技术作为一门新兴的信息管理技术,越来越受到人们的重视。本文结合作者在ＣＡＰＰ中的研究与实践,把工作流思想结合进工艺设计过程管理当中,从任务即活动的角度阐述了工艺工作流管理的原理。在此基础上,以作者参与开发的分布式、任务驱动型的上海汇众汽车制造有限公司（以下简称汇众）ＣＡＰＰ工艺设计管理系统为实例,参照工作流参考模型的５个接口,详细分析了整体工作流程以及任务定义和角度配置、任务跟踪和归档工     

基于代理技术的制造系统体系结构研究

基于多代理制造系统生命周期的概念,对基于代理技术的制造系统体系结构作了初步研究,讨论了系统开发方法的发展趋势,分析了在制造系统中应用代理技术的前提条件,从代理结构和系统休成基础结构2个方面,讨论了多代理制造系统设计所涉及的代理构造,交互机制,通信协议,协调策略,多代理规划策略和系统集成等问题。     

网络化制造模式下的CAPP技术研究

在网络化制造模式下研究了CAPP系统的体系结构，并探讨了这一体系结构所涉及的基于Web的浏览器／服务器处理技术、ASP／ADO技术、ActiveX控件技术等的具体应用。在此基础上，研究了实现该CAPP系统的关键技术，包括建立基于Internet的通用化零件信息输入机制、通用化派生式工艺设计方法和通用化创成式工艺设计方法等。最后，开发了相应的原型系统，即NME－CAPP系统，并通过实例对原型系统进行了实用性测试，证明系统运行可靠、方便。     

基于Web的协同CAPP系统开发

阐述了基于Web的协同CAPP系统的开发,提出了相关的应用技术和实现方法,并利用Web技术,将工艺设计知识库,三维（二维）动态工艺文件,协同设计等概念应用于具体企业当中。     

基于Agent的流程工业制造执行系统结构研究

随着集成技术的发展，流程工业综合自动化系统采用了ERP／MES／PCS三层体系结构。本文针对流程工业的特点，分析了现有制造执行系统的结构特征，对流程工业制造执行系统的功能模块进行分类，并构造出对应的Agent模块，以此提出一种基于Agent的分布流程工业制造执行系统结构，这种结构非常有利于分布式流程工业制造执行系统的管理和控制，具有较好的柔性和扩展性，在此基础上，研究了流程工业制造执行系统中每个Agent的运作机制和多Agent之间的交互协调机制，为实现流程工业制造执行系统功能的合理调度打下了基础。     

Developing an agent-based APS and ERP collaboration framework

In order to respond rapidly to customer demand, SCM and ERP have been widely implemented in business. However, SCM was designed as a planning level tool to support business making related activities. For instance, the advanced planning system (APS) was aimed at developing a proper production schedule to support the potential orders. On the other hand, ERP was used in the execution level in an enterprise to integrate the order execution related business process. In order to integrate the two systems, there were several gaps exists such as the suitability of using the APS results in the ERP. In this research, an integrated APS and ERP framework will be proposed to support the collaboration among these systems. It applies the concept of Web service and agent collaboration to support the issues such as workflow integration and collaboration encountered during the integration period. There are three main stages in this framework. In the business analyze stage, the collaboration process among the APS and ERP will be analyzed and constructed by using eEPC (extended event process chain) modeling method. This result will be used in the next stage, the business design stage to design the agent-based collaboration system. A workflow oriented agent-based analyzed method, WARP (workflow automation through agent-based reflective processes) will be used to analyzed the collaboration business process and construct the related agents. Finally, in the implementation level, the related agents will be constructed by integrating i2 FP SCM modules and DataSystem Workflow ERP under the Web-based environment.     

A reinforcement learning approach for developing routing policies in multi-agent production scheduling

Most recent research studies on agent-based production scheduling have focused on developing negotiation schema for agent cooperation. However, successful implementation of agent-based approaches not only relies on the cooperation among the agents, but the individual agent’s intelligence for making good decisions. Learning is one mechanism that could provide the ability for an agent to increase its intelligence while in operation. This paper presents a study examining the implementation of the Q-learning algorithm, one of the most widely used reinforcement learning approaches, for use by job agents when making routing decisions in a job shop environment. A factorial experiment design for studying the settings used to apply Q-learning to the job routing problem is carried out. This study not only investigates the effects of this Q-learning application but also provides recommendations for factor settings and useful guidelines for future applications of Q-learning to agent-based production scheduling.     

基于约束传播与智能回溯的加工过程决策策略

为了满足单件小批定货生产方式下的交货期满足问题 ,本文着重研究 CAPP/PPS集成并行模式下加工过程决策的调度方法 ,该方法采用基于动态分布的并行协同设计模式 ,把交货期和资源负荷作为工艺设计过程的约束 ,通过基于约束传播和智能回溯算法的约束推理 ,成功地建立了满足交货期和资源负荷的实用性工艺方案。